arteries Flashcards
blood vessels are
less numerous than lymphatic vessels
Blood vessels can spread
infection and cancerous cells from a tumor to distant sites more rapidly than lymph vessels
arteries
carry blood away from heart
arterioles
artery branches off into smaller diameter arterioles
capillaries
arterioles branch off into even smaller diameter capillaries
capillary networks throughout the body are used to
exchange oxygen, metabolic waste, & carbon dioxide between blood and tissue
venules
smaller diameter veins drain the capillaries
vein
larger diameter, drains blood from the venules/capillaries in an area and takes it TOWARDS the heart
anastomosis
the process when the vessels connect/communicate with each other
plexus
Large network of blood vessels
*Pterygoid plexus
venous sinus
Blood filled space between the two layers of tissue
*Cavernous Venous Sinus
largest artery
aorta
3 large arteries branch directly off of the aorta
1) Brachiocephalic 2) Left common carotid 3) Left subclavian
Brachiocephalic artery is ONLY on the RIGHT side
Brachiocephalic
Right side of head, neck, shoulder, & upper arm
Left Common Carotid
Left side of head & neck
Left Subclavian
Left shoulder & upper arm
common carotid R & L
Travels in a sheath beneath the Sternocleidomastoid muscle
common carotid sheath contains
Common Carotid
Internal Jugular Vein
10th cranial/Vagus nerve
internal carotid
Common carotid divides just superior to the carotid sinus
internal carotid enters the cranium through
carotid canal
what does the internal carotid supply
intracranial structures
what is the source of ophthalmic artery which supplies the eye, orbit and lacrimal gland
internal carotid
what is used by medical professionals to take pulse
internal carotid
external carotid
Arising or branching from the common carotid
what does the external carotid supply
extracranial tissues of head & neck including oral cavity
external carotid four branches
Anterior (3)
Posterior (1)
Medial (1)
Terminal (2)
External Carotid-Anterior Branches
Superior Thyroid
Lingual
Facial
External Carotid-Anterior Branches
Superior thyroid
Superior Thyroid - supplies tissue inferior to the hyoid bone
Infrahyoid muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles of larynx
Thyroid gland
External Carotid-Anterior Branches
lingual
Arises at level of hyoid bone
Travels to apex of tongue
Supplies tissues superior to the hyoid bone
External Carotid-Anterior lingual branches
1.)Sublingual
Mylohyoid muscles, sublingual salivary gland & floor of mouth
2.)Dorsal lingual
3.)Deep lingual
tongue
4.)Suprahyoid
External Carotid-Anterior Branches
facial (5) branches
ascending palatine
submental
inferior labial
superior labial
angular
facial- ascending palatine
soft palate, palatine muscles and tonsils
facial- submental
glandular branches, lymph nodes, salivary gland, mylohyoid, digastric muscles
facial- inferior labial
lower lips tissue & muscles of facial expression
facial- angular
tissues along side of nose
medial branch of external carotid- ascending pharyngeal artery
Rises close to origin of external carotid
Has many small branches
Pharyngeal & Meningeal Branches
Walls of pharynx
Anastomose with ascending palatine artery
Soft palate
Meninges of the brain
External carotid- posterior branches
occipital
posterior auricular
External carotid- posterior branches
occipital
Posterior scalp, meningeal tissues in area, SCM muscle & suprahyoid muscle
External carotid- posterior branches
posterior auricular
Internal ear & mastoid air cells
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Superficial Temporal (4)
Maxillary (10)
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
superficial temporal
Arises within parotid gland
Sometimes visible under skin of temporal region
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
superficial temporal (4 branches)
transverse facial
middle temporal
frontal
parietal
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
superficial temporal- transverse facial
parotid gland duct
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
superficial temporal- middle temporal
temporalis muscle
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
superficial temporal- frontal
scalp in frontal region
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
superficial temporal- parietal
scalp in parietal region
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary
Begins at neck of condyle within parotid gland
Runs between mandible & sphenomandibular ligament into infra-temporal fossa
Enters the pterygopalatine fossa
Gives off many branches in fossa
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary (10 divisions)
1.Middle Meningeal
2. Inferior Alveolar (IA)
3. Deep Temporal(s)
4. Pterygoid(s)
5. Masseteric
6. Buccal
7. Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA)
8. Infraorbital
9. Greater Palatine (GP)
10. Sphenopalatine
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary (middle meningeal)
Supplies meninges of brain via foramen spinosum; -Skull bones
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary (Inferior alveolar)
Enters Mandibular canal
-Gives off dental/alveolar branches to lower posterior teeth
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary (Inferior alveolar)
MYLOHYOID
Floor of mouth & mylohyoid muscle
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary (Inferior alveolar)
MENTAL
Exits mental foramen & supplies tissues of chin & anastomizes with the inferior labial artery
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary (Inferior alveolar)
INCISIVE
Supplies mandibular anterior teeth
*Remains in mandibular canal & divides into:
Dental branches = Pulp tissues
Alveolar branches = Periodontium including gingiva
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary
POSTEIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR
Gives off dental & alveolar branches to maxillary posterior teeth & sinus
*Enters PSA foramina on the max. tuberosity
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary
INFRAORBITAL
*Enters orbit through inferior orbital fissure *Supplies orbital branches
*ASA branches off IO & continues on to have dental/alveolar branches of maxillary anterior teeth
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary
DESCENDING PALATINE
*Branches off in the pterygopalatine canal to give rise to -Greater Palatine (GP) artery (exits GP foramina)
-Lesser Palatine (LP) artery (exits LP foramina)
*Supply hard & soft palate. LP supplies throat. *Travel on to end by becoming the sphenopalatine
External Carotid-Terminal Branches
Maxillary
SPHENOPALATINE
*Supplies nasal cavity
*Travels through incisive foramen on maxilla
