Muscles - Upper Torso Flashcards
Trapezius
o. Occipital bone, ligamentum nichae, spines of thoracic vertebrae
i. Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
a. Elevate scapula, upward rotation of shoulder, adduction of scapula
Rhomboid Major & Minor
o. Spinous processes of C7-T5
i. Medial border of scapula
a. Adduction of scapula, rotation of point of shoulder downward
- Chin-up activity, rhomboids draw the scapula’s medial border downward toward spinal column.
Serratus Anterior
o. Lateral surface of the upper 8 ribs
i. Medial border of the scapula, anterior surface
a. Abducts the scapula and causes upward rotation of the point of the shoulder.
- Used in the propulsive phase of throwing a baseball; called the “boxers muscles” as used in throwing a punch
Levator Scapula
o. Transverse process of the C1-C4
i. Superior angle of scapula
a. Elevates the medial border of the scapula
- Used to shrug the shoulder, along with trapezius
Pectoralis Minor
o. outer surface of ribs 3-5
i. coracoid process of scapula
a. along with serratus anterior, it abducts or protracts scapula. contrary to serratus anterior, the pectoralis minor causes downward rotation of the point of the shoulder
Deltoid - Spinal Head, Acromial Head, Clavicular Head
o.
spinal: spine of scapula
acromial: acromion
clavicular: clavicle
i. deltoid tuberosity of humerus
a.
spinal: extension of shoulder, lateral rotation of humerus
acromial: shoulder abduction
clavicular: flexion of shoulder and medial rotation of humerus
Pectoralis Major
o. medial part of clavicle and costal cartilage of ribs 1-6
i. bicipital groove of humerus
a. flexion of shoulder, extension of flexed shoulder, medial rotation of humerus, adduction of humerus, horizontal flexion
Latissimus Dorsi
o. back of sacrum, lumbar vertebrae, lower thoracic vertebrae
i. bicipital groove of humerus
a. shoulder extension, humerus medial rotation , humerus adduction
Supraspinatus
o. supraspinous fossa of scapula
i. greater tubercle of humerus
a. provides strength and stability to shoulder joint, initiates shoulder abducttion
Muscles responsible for shoulder abduction from:
Initiation
Up to 90 degrees
Past 90 degrees
Initiation: Supraspinatus
Up to 90: deltoid
Past 90: trapezius, serratus anterior
Infraspinatus
o. infraspinous fossa of scapula
i. greater tubercle of humerus
a. provides strength to posterior component of shoulder joint capsule, lateral rotation of humerus
Teres Minor
o. lateral border of scapula
i. greater tubercle below insertion of infraspinatus
a. provides posterior support of shoulder capsule, lateral rotation of humerus, adduction of humerus
Subscapularis
o. sub scapular fossa of scapula
i. lesser tubercle of humerus
a. anterior strength two shoulder joint capsule, medial rotation of humerus, adducts humerus
Teres Major
o. lateral border of scapula
i. bicipital groove of humerus
a. shoulder extension, medial rotation of humerus
Biceps Brachii
o.
Short Head (Medial): coracoid process of scapula
Long Head (Lateral): Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
i. radial tuberosity
a. shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination
Triceps
o.
Long Head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial Head: posterior/medial aspect of humerus (medial & inferior to spiral line)
Lateral Head: posterior lateral aspect of humerus, lateral and superior to spiral line
i. olecranon process of ulna
a.
long head: shoulder extension, elbow extension
medial & lateral head: elbow extension
- medial and lateral head do NOT act across shoulder joint
Coracobrachialis
o. coracoid process of scapula
i. medial side of shaft of humerus
a. shoulder flexion
Brachialis
o. anterior shaft of humerus
i. coronoid process of ulna, ulnar tuberosity
a. elbow flexion
Brachioradialis
o. shaft of humerus, just above lateral humeral epicondyle
i. styloid process of radius
a. elbow flexion when forearm is in semi-pronated position
Supinator
o. lateral epicondyle of humerus
i. anterolateral surface of radius, distal to radial tuberosity
a. supination of forearm, assists elbow extension
Pronator Teres
- First Layer of Forearm Muscles*
o. medial epicondyle of humerus
i. lateral surface of radius (same level of supinator)
a. assists in flexion of elbow, used in pronation of forearm
Palmar Aponeurosis
layer of tendon covering palm of hand
insertion for palmaris longus
protects vessels and tendons in palm
Flexor Retinaculum
ulnar side: pisiform, hook of hamate
radial side: tubercle of scaphoid
band of connective tissue
Flexor Carpi Radialis
- First Layer of Forearm Muscles*
o. medial epicondyle of humerus
i. base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpal (under flexor retinaculum)
a. elbow flexion, wrist flexion & abduction
Palmaris Longus
- First Layer of Forearm Muscles*
o. medial epicondyle of humerus
i. palmar aponeurosis
a. elbow flexion, wrist flexion, over flexor retinaculum
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- First Layer of Forearm Muscles*
o. medial epicondyle of humerus, upper part of ulna
i. pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal, under flexor retinaculum
a. elbow flexion, wrist flexion & adduction
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Second Layer of Forearm Muscles*
o. medial epicondyle fo humerus, coronoid process and shaft of radius
i. 4 tendons each attaching to middle phalanx of 4 medial digits
a. elbow flexion, wrist flexion, flexion of metacarpal-phalangeal and 1st interphalangeal joints
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Third Layer of Forearm Muscles*
o. upper anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
i. distal phalanx of 4 medial digits
a. wrist flexion, flexion of metacarpal-phalangeal and 1st, 2nd interphalangeal joints
Flexor Pollicis Longus
- Third Layer of Forearm Muscles*
o. anterior shaft of radius and interosseous membrane
i. distal phalanx of thumb
a. wrist flexion, flexion of carpal-metacarpal, metacarpal-phalangeal and interphalangeal joints of thumb
Pronator Quadratus
- Fourth Layer of Forearm Muscles*
o. distal end of ulna
i. distal end of radius
a. forearm pronation
Carpal Tunel Syndrome
Inflammation of the synovial tubes
Tendons of muscles in carpal tunnel pass in tubes of synovial membraned (smooth surface to slide)
