Muscles - Synovial Joint Movements Flashcards
extension
mvmt that increases the angle of a joint and the distance between two bones or parts of the body (straightening knee or elbow); opposite of flexion. If proceeds beyond anatomical position = hyperextension
flexion
movement, generally in sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and reduces the distance between the two bones. Typical of hinge joints (bending knee/elbow) but also common at ball and socket joints.
abduction
mvmt of a limb away from midline or median plane of hte body, generally on the frontal plane, or fanning mvmt of fingers/toes spread.
adduction
mvmt of a limb twd midline of body or drawing fingers/toes together; opposite of abduction
rotation
mvmt of bone around longitudinal axis without lateral or medial displacment. common in b/s joints, also describes mvmt of atlas around dens of axis
circumduction
combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly in b/s joints. proximal end remains stationary, distal end moves in circle. allowed by condylar and saddle joints
pronation
mvmt of the palm of the hand from an anterior position or upward-facing position to a posterior or downward-facing position. The distal end of the radius moves across the ulna so that the bones form an X
supination
mvmt of the palm from a posterior position to an anterior position (anatomical), opposite of pronation. radius and ulna parallel
dorsiflexion
a movement of the ankle joint that lifts the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin.
plantar flexion
a mvmt of the ankle joint in which the foot is flexed downward as if standing on/pointing one’s toes
inversion
mvmt that turns the sole of the foot medially
eversion
mvmt that turns the sole of the foot laterally; opposite of inversion
