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Anatomy & Physiology > Axial Skeleton - Skull > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton - Skull Flashcards

0
Q

cranial fossae

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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1
Q

cranial vault/calvaria

A

forms superior, lateral, posterior walls of the skull

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2
Q

frontal bone

A

anterior portion of cranium; forms forehead, superior part of the orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

supraorbital foramen/notch

A

opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

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4
Q

glabella

A

smooth area between the eyes

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5
Q

parietal bone

A

posteriolateral to the frontal bone, forming sides of cranium

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6
Q

sagittal suture

A

midline articulation point of the two parietal bones

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7
Q

coronal structure

A

point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone

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8
Q

temporal bone

A

inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull. divided into 3 major parts: squamous part (borders parietals), tympanic part (surrounds external ear opening), petrous part (forms lateral portion of the skull base and contains mastoid process.

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9
Q

temporal bone - squamous part

A

borders the parietals

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10
Q

temporal bone - tympanic part

A

surrounds external ear opening

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11
Q

temporal bone - petrous part

A

forms lateral portion of skull base + mastoid process

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12
Q

squamous suture

A

temporal - squamous part of temporal bone. point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone

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13
Q

zygomatic process

A

temporal - squamous part - projection joining zygomatic bone (cheekbone) anteriorly. together they form zygomatic arch

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14
Q

mandibular fossa

A

temporal - squamous part - rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process (anterior to the ear); forms socket for condylar process of the mandible, where the mandible joins cranium

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15
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

temporal - tympanic part marking - canal lading to eardrum and middle ear

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16
Q

styloid process

A

temporal - tympanic part - projection inferior to external acoustic meatus; attachment point for neck muscles.

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17
Q

jugular foramen

A

temporal - petrous part - opening medial to styloid process thru which internal jugular vein and cranial nerves pass

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18
Q

carotid canal

A

temporal - petrous part - opening medial to styloid process through which the internal carotid artery passes into the cranial cavity

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19
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

temporal - petrous part - opening on posterior aspect of temporal bone allowing passage of cranial nerves

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20
Q

petrous part

A

temporal - help form middle and posterior cranial fossae, contains the Labyrinth (hearing/balance) and several foramina

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21
Q

foramen lacerum

A

temporal - petrous part - jagged opening between petrous temporal bone and sphenoid process providing passage for a number of small nerves for the internal carotid artery to enter the middle cranial fossa (after passes thru temporal bone)

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22
Q

stylomastoid foramen

A

temporal - petrous - tiny opening between mastoid and styloid processes through which a cranial nerve leaves

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23
Q

mastoid process

A

temporal - petrous - rough projection inferior and posterior to external acoustic meatus; attachment site for muscles.

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24
occipital
most posterior. joins sphenoid bone anteriorly via narrow basilar part
25
lambdoid suture
occipital - site of articulation of occipital bone and parietal bones
26
foramen magnum
occipital - large opening in base of occipital, which allows spinal cord to join with brain
27
occipital condyles
occipital - rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with first cervical vertebra (atlas)
28
hypoglossal canal
occipital - opening medial and superior to the occipital condyle through which hypoglossal nerve passes
29
external occipital crest and protuberance
occipital - midline prominences posterior to foramen magnum
30
sphenoid bone
anterior plateau of middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull. sphenoid bone is keystone of cranium - articulates with all other cranial bones
31
greater wings
sphenoid - portions of sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to temporal and forming part of eye orbits
32
pterygoid processes
sphenoid - inferiorly directed trough-shaped projections from the junction of the body and the greater wings
33
superior orbital fissues
sphenoid - jagged openings in orbits providing nerve passage to serve eye
34
sella turcica
sphenoid - saddle-shaped region in the sphenoid midline. seat = hypophyseal fossa
35
hypophyseal fossa
sphenoid - seat of sella turcica, surrounds pituitary gland
36
lesser wings
sphenoid - bat-shaped portions of the sphenoid anterior to the sella turcica
37
optic canals
sphenoid - openings in the bases of the lesser wings through which the optic nerves enter to serve eyes
38
foramen rotundum
sphenoid - opening lateral to the sella turcica providing passage for a branch of cranial nerve
39
foramen ovale
sphenoid - opening posterior to sella turcica that allows passage of cranial nerve
40
foramen spinosum
sphenoid - opening lateral to foramen ovale through which the middle meningeal artery passes
41
ethmoid bone
irregularly shaped bone anterior to sphenoid. forms roof of nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, part of medial orbit walls
42
crista galli
ethmoid - vertical projection providing a point of attachment for dura matter (secure brain in skull) together with cribriform plates, form horizontal plate of ehtmoid bone
43
cribriform plates
ethmoid - bony plates lateral to crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform foramina together with crista galli, forms horizontal plate of ethmoid bone
44
perpendicular plate
ethmoid - inferior projection of the ethmoid that forms the superior part of the nasal septum
45
lateral masses
ethmoid - irregularly shaped and thin-walled bony regions flanking the perpendicular plate laterally. lateral walls - orbital plates - shape part of medial orbit wall
46
superior and middle nasal conchae (turbinates)
ethmoid - thin, delicately coiled plates of bone extending medially from the lateral masses of the ethmoid into the nasal cavity. make air flow thru nasal cavity efficient + more SA
47
facial bones
``` mandible maxillae lacrimal bone palatine bone zygomatic bone nasal bone vomer inferior nasal conchae/turbinates ```
48
cranial bones
``` parietal frontal temporal occipital sphenoid ethmoid ```
49
mandible
lower jawbone, articulates with temporal bones in only freely movable joints of the skull
50
mandibular body
horizontal portion, forms chin
51
mandibular ramus
vertical extension of the body on either side
52
condylar process
mandible - articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
53
coronoid process
mandible - jutting anterior portion of the ramus; muscles attach
54
mandibular angle
posterior point at which ramus meets the body
55
mental foramen
mandible - prominent opening on the body (lateral to midline) that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to lower jaw
56
mandibular foramen
prominent foramen on medial aspect of mandibular ramus. permits passage of nerve involved with tooth sensation
57
alveolar process
mandible - superior margin of mandible; contains teeth sockets
58
mandibular symphysis
anterior median depression indicating a point of mandibular fusion
59
maxillae
two bones fused in median suture. form upper jawbone and part of the orbits all facial bones except mandible join maxillae - keystone facial bones
60
alveolar process
inferior margin of maxillae/superior margin of mandible containing teeth sockets
61
palatine processes
maxillae - form anterior hard plate; meet medially in intermaxillary suture
62
infraorbital foramen
maxillae - opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region
63
incisive fossa
maxillae - large bilateral opening located posterior to the central incisor tooth of the maxilla and piercing the hard palate.
64
lacrimal bone
fingernail-sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and ethmoid. pierced by lacrimal fossa
65
lacrimal fossa
opening piercing lacrimal bone that serves as a passageway for tears
66
palatine bone
paired bones posterior to the palatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit; meet medially at median palatine suture
67
zygomatic bone
lateral to the maxilla; cheekbone; forms part of lateral orbit. (3 processes named for bones w/which they articulate)
68
nasal bone
small rectangular bones forming bridge of nose
69
vomer
blade-shaped bone in medial plane of nasal cavity that forms posterior and inferior nasal septum
70
inferior nasal conchae/turbines
thin curved bones protruding medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity; serve same purpose as the turbinate portions of the ethmoid bone

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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