Muscles - Scapula, Upper limb Flashcards
0
Q
Trapezius action:
A
Rotates, elevates, retracts, and depresses scapula
1
Q
Trapezius:
A
O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
N: CN 11 (Accessory n)
2
Q
Latissimus dorsi:
A
O: Spinous processes T6-L5, sacrum, iliac crest, and ribs 10-12
I: Intertubercular groove of humerus
N: Thoracodorsal n.
3
Q
Latissimus dorsi action:
A
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
4
Q
Levator scapulae:
A
O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Superior angle of scapula
N: Dorsal scapular n
5
Q
Levator scapulae action:
A
Elevates and rotates scapula
6
Q
Rhomboid major and minor:
A
O: Spinous processes of C7-T5
I: Medial border of scapula
N: Dorsal scapular n
7
Q
Rhomboids action:
A
Retracts, elevates, and rotates scapula
8
Q
Deltoid:
A
O: Spine of scapula, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity
N: Axillary n.
9
Q
Deltoid action:
A
Abduct, flex, and extend arm, medial and lateral rotation
10
Q
Supraspinatus:
A
O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Superior fact of greater tubercle
N: Suprascapular n.
11
Q
Supraspinatus action:
A
Arm abduction
12
Q
Infraspinatous:
A
O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Middle facet of greater tubercle
N: Suprascapular n
13
Q
Infraspinatus action:
A
Lateral rotation of arm
14
Q
Teres major:
A
O: Lateral scapular border superior to inferior angle
I: Medial lip of intertubecular sulcus
N: Lower subscapular n
15
Q
Teres major action:
A
Medial rotation and adduction of arm, extends a flexed arm
16
Q
Teres minor:
A
O: Lateral scapular border superior to teres major
I: Inferior facet of greater tubercle
N: Axillary n.
17
Q
Teres minor action:
A
Lateral rotation of the arm
18
Q
Greater tubercle - superior facet:
A
Supraspinatus muscle
19
Q
Greater tubercle - middle facet:
A
Infraspinatus muscle
20
Q
Greater tubercle - inferior facet:
A
Teres minor muscle
21
Q
Lesser tubercle attachment:
A
Subscapularis muscle
22
Q
Subscapularis:
A
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
N: Upper AND lower subscapularis n
23
Q
Subscapularis action:
A
Medial rotation of the arm
24
Quadrangular Space:
Axillary nerve
| Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
25
Triangular space:
Circumflex scapular artery
26
Triangle interval:
Radial n.
| Profunda brachii artery
27
Pectoralis major:
O: Medial 1/2 of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum
I: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus
N: Medial and lateral pectoral nn.
28
Pec major actions:
Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm
29
Pectoralis minor:
Origin: Ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process
N: Medial pectoral n
30
Pec minor actions:
Pulls tip of shoulder down and protracts scapula
31
Subclavius:
O: First rib
I: Inferior surface of clavicle
N: Nerve to subclavius
32
Subclavius actions:
Pulls tip of shoulder down, pulls clavicle medially to stabilize sternoclavicular joint
33
Serratus anterior:
O: Anterior surface of upper 8-9 ribs
I: Costal surface of medial scapular border
N: Long thoracic n.
34
Serratus anterior actions:
Protraction, rotation, and depression of the scapula
35
Axilla:
Region between the upper thorax and the proximal humerus - contains a neurovascular bundle composed of the axillary artery and veins (and their branches), the brachial plexus, lymph nodes and fat
36
Axillary inlet or apex:
Bounded by the first rib, coracoid process, and adjacent area of the anterior surface of the scapula, and posterior edge of clavicle. Brachial plexus and axillary vessels enter the axilla thru the apex
37
Anterior wall of axilla:
Pec major and minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia
38
Posterior wall of axilla:
Subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi
39
Lateral wall of axilla:
Intertubercular groove of the humerus (where the anterior and posterior walls converge - pec major and teres major). Associated with the intertubercular groove are portions of the biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles
40
Medial wall of axilla:
First 4 ribs with their external intercostal muscles and the superior portion of the serratus anterior
41
Floor of axilla:
Skin and axillary fascia - concavity of the armpit due to the attachment of clavipectoral fascia, anterior and posterior axillary folds
42
Axillary artery:
A continuation of the subclavian artery - arches over the first rib and extends to the inferior border of the teres major --> becomes the brachial artery
43
1st part of axillary artery:
Between the first rib and the medial border of the pec minor (all are in relation to the pec minor m)
44
2nd part of axillary artery:
Lies posterior to the pec minor m
45
3rd part of axillary artery:
Lies between the lateral border of the pec minor m and the inferior border of the teres major m (here it changes names to the brachial artery)
46
Branches from 1st part of axillary artery:
Superior thoracic artery: supplies the upper regions of the medial and anterior axillary walls
47
Branches from the 2nd part of axillary artery:
Thoracoacromial trunk: 4 branches - pectoral, clavicular, acromial, deltoid, supplies the anterior axillary wall
Lateral thoracic artery: supplies the medial wall of the axilla and accompanies the long thoracic n to the serratus anterior, also supplies the breast
48
Branches from 3rd part of axillary artery:
1. Subscapular artery: gives rise to the circumflex scapular a. (goes thru triangular space to provide collateral circulation around the scapula) and thoracodorsal a. (major blood supply to lat dorsi, accompanies thoracodorsal n)
2. Anterior circumflex humeral artery
3. Posterior circumflex humeral artery: larger of the 2, accompanies the axillary n. thru the quadrangular space, supplies deltoid
49
Superior thoracic artery:
From the 1st branch of axillary a., supplies the medial and anterior wall of axilla
50
Thoracoacromial trunk:
From the 2nd part of axillary a., supplies anterior wall of axilla
51
Lateral thoracic artery:
From 2nd branch of axillary artery, supplies medial wall, runs with long thoracic n. to the serratus anterior
52
Subscapularis artery:
From 3rd branch of axillary artery, gives rise to circumflex scapular a. (collateral circulation to scapula) and thoracodorsal a. (lat dorsi)
53
Anterior circumflex artery:
Frm 3rd branch of axillary artery
54
Posterior circumflex artery:
From 3rd branch of axillary artery, goes through quadrangular space, deltoid
55
Axillary vein is formed by:
The paired veins of the brachial artery joining the basilic vein
56
The axillary vein is _____ to the axillary artery.
Medial
57
Axillary vein continues as the _______ above the first rib.
Subclavian vein
58
The ________ vein drains into the axillary vein and can be located in the deltopectoral interval.
Cephalic
59
Somatic systems innervate:
Skeletal muscle and skin (receiving and responding to info from the external environment - consciously perceived and voluntarily acted upon)
60
Visceral systems innervate:
Smooth muscles, organs, and glands (receiving and responding to info from the internal environment - unconsciously perceived and involuntarily acted upon as an autonomic response)
61
Ganglia:
Collections of nerve cell bodies OUTSIDE the CNS (can be sensory or motor)
62
Nuclei:
Nerve cell bodies WITHIN the CNS (can be sensory or motor)
63
Dorsal rami:
Sensory neurons live in the dorsal root ganglia.
| Dorsal rami are distributed to the muscles and skin of the back
64
Ventral rami:
Motor, distributed to the anterior and lateral surfaces of the neck and trunk and all muscles and skin of the limbs
65
Nerves from the roots:
Long thoracic n. (C5-C7)
Phrenic nerve (C5)
Dorsal scapular n. (C5)
66
Nerves from the trunks:
N. to subclavius (C5,C6)
| Suprascapular n. (C5,C6)
67
Nerves from the divisions:
None
68
Nerves from the LATERAL cord:
Lateral pectoral n. (C5-C7)
Musculocutaneous n. (C5-C7)
Lateral root of median n. (C6,C7)
69
Nerves from MEDIAL cord:
Medial pectoral n. (C8,T1)
Medial cutaneous n. of arm (brachial cutaneous) (C8,T1)
Medial cutaneous n. of forearm (antebrachial) (C8,T1)
Median root of median n. (C8,T1)
Ulnar n. (C8, T1)
70
Nerves from POSTERIOR cord:
```
Upper subscapular n. (C5, C6)
Lower subscapular n. (C5,C6)
Thoracodorsal n. (C6-C8)
Axillary n. (C5,C6)
Radial n. (C5-T1)
```
71
Long thoracic n.
C5-C7, to serratus anterior m.
| Roots
72
Phrenic n:
C5, diaphragm?
| Roots
73
Dorsal scapular n:
C5, levator scapulae and rhomboids
| Roots
74
N. to subclavius:
C5, C6
| Trunks
75
Suprascapular n:
C5, C6, to supraspinatus and infraspinatus m.
| Trunks
76
Lateral pectoral n:
C5-C7, to pec major
| Lateral cord
77
Lateral root of median n:
C6,C7, to the hand and anterior forearm
| Lateral cord
78
Musculocutaneous n:
C5-C7, motor to anterior arm and sensory to anterior forearm
| Lateral cord
79
Medial pectoral n:
C8-T1, to both pec major and minor
| Medial cord
80
Medial brachial cutaneous n:
C8,T1
| Medial cord
81
Medial antebrachial cutaneous n:
C8,T1
| Medial cord
82
Median root of median n:
C8,T1
| Medial cord
83
Ulnar n:
C8,T1, MOTOR portion to forearm and hand
| Medial cord
84
Upper subscapular n:
C5,C6, to subscapularis m
| Posterior cord
85
Lower subscapularis n:
C5,C6, to subscapularis and TERES MAJOR
| Posterior cord
86
Thoracodorsal n:
C6-C8, to the latissimus dorsi
| Posterior cord
87
Axillary n:
C5,C6, to the deltoid and teres minor
| Posterior cord
88
Radial n:
C5-T1, MOTOR to posterior arm and forearm
| Posterior cord
89
Breasts are centered on the anterior thoracic wall over ______ between the sternum and _____.
4th and 5th ribs; axilla
90
Glandular tissue is formed by:
15-20 lobules, each of which is drained by a lactiferous duct --> empty on the nipple, each duct dilates into a lactiferous sinus deep to the areola
91
Deep to the breast tissue is a loose layer of CT known as _______.
Retromammary tissue (allows for mobility between the breast tissue and underlying deep fascia of pec major - where BC invades and attaches to the deep fascia of pec major, breast becomes less movable - contraction of pec major will then cause breast to move superiorly). Infiltration of C along suspensory ligaments --> dimpling of skin (invasion shortens the ligaments and causes skin to invaginate)
92
Blood supply to the breast:
Lateral thoracic a, Internal thoracic a, Pectoral branch of the Thoracoacromial a, and cutaneous branches of intercostal aa
93
Innervation of the breast:
Lateral and anterior cutaneous branches of the 2-6th intercostal nerves - include both sensory and sympathetic fibers which supply the skin, smooth m of the areola and nipple, blood vessels, and glandular tissue.
94
Lymphatic drainage of the breast:
The glandular tissue of the breast drains into several large collecting trunks which flow into the pectoral or apical group of axillary nodes - route for 75% of the glandular tissue, the remaining 25% of lymph drains medially into the parasternal nodes (internal thoracic a) or into the subperitoneal plexus
