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Anatomy > Hand and Fascial Spaces > Flashcards

Hand and Fascial Spaces Flashcards

0
Q

Abductus pollicis brevis:

A

O: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
I: Sesamoid bone, proximal phalanx, and extensor expansion
A: Abduction and flexion of proximal phalanx
I: recurrent nerve of median (supplied by radial artery)

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1
Q

Thenar compartment muscles:

A
  1. Abductor pollicis brevis
  2. Flexor pollicis brevis
  3. Oppenens pollicis
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2
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis:

A

O: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium
I: Sesamoid, proximal phalanx, and extensor expansion
A: Flexion of proximal phalanx
I: recurrent nerve of median (supplied by radial artery)

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3
Q

Opponens pollicis:

A

O: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium
I: First metacarpal (lateral side)
A: Rotation of metacarpal during opposition
I: recurrent nerve of median (supplied by radial artery)

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4
Q

_______ of the median n. enters the thenar compartment and supplies all of the thenar muscles.

A

Recurrent branch

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5
Q

Two branches of the radial a, _______ a. and _______ a. supply the thenar compartment and lateral side of the index finger.

A

Princeps pollicis; Radialis indicis

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6
Q

The two branches of the radial a. supplying the thenar compartment descend between the _______ m. and oblique head of the _________ near the base of the first phalanx.

A

First dorsal interosseous m; adductor pollicis m. (Supply skin and subcutaneous tissue of the thumb)

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7
Q

The ________ arises from the radial a. just proximal to the wrist; it passes through the thenar eminence, which it supplies.

A

Superficial palmar branch (and branches of this)

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8
Q

Hypothenar compartment muscles:

A
  1. Palmaris brevis
  2. Abductor digiti minimi
  3. Flexor digiti minimi
  4. Opponens digiti minimi
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9
Q

Palmaris brevis:

A

(Hypothenar)
O: Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
I: Skin on the ulnar border of the palm
N: Superficial branch of ulnar n.
A: Draws the skin at the ulnar side of the palm towards the middle of the palm
**the palmaris Brevis is located just below the skin of the ulnar side of the hand (very superficial)

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10
Q

Abductor digiti minimi:

A 
(Hypothenar)
O: Pisiform
I: Proximal phalanx of digit 5
N: Deep branch of ulnar n.
A: Abduction of digit 5
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11
Q

Flexor digiti minimi:

A 
(Hypothenar)
O: Hamate
I: Proximal phalanx of digit 5
N: Deep branch of ulnar n.
A: Flexion of proximal phalanx, digit 5
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12
Q

Opponens digiti minimi:

A 
(Hypothenar)
O: Hamate
I: 5th metacarpal
N: Ulnar n.
A: Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly thus bringing digit 5 into contact with the thumb during opposition (only the thumb can oppose other fingers)
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13
Q

All the muscles of the _______ compartment of the hand are supplied by the ulnar n.

A

Hypothenar. The deep branch of the ulnar nerve.

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14
Q

_______ a. forms the superficial palmar arch.

A

Ulnar

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15
Q

Anterior boundary of the Midpalmar compartment:

A

Palmar aponeurosis

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16
Q

Posterior boundary of the midpalmar compartment:

A

Interosseous fascia (covers the interossei m)

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17
Q

Lateral boundary of the midpalmar compartment:

A

Thenar fascia and compartment

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18
Q

Medial border of the midpalmar compartment:

A

Hypothenar fascia and compartment

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19
Q

Tendons of the midpalmar compartment:

A
  1. Four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
  2. Four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
  3. Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
    (These are all of the tendons that go thru the carpal tunnel)
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20
Q

Synovial sheaths in the midpalmar compartment:

A
  1. Radial bursa - covers the tendon of flexor pollicis longus
  2. Ulnar bursa - covers tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
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21
Q

Muscles of the midpalmar compartment:

A
  1. Lumbricals

2. Adductor pollicis

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22
Q

Lumbricals (4) are muscles that arise from tendons of ______.

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

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23
Q

Lumbricals course on the ________ side of each digit and are inserted on the __________ of digits 2-5.

A

Lateral; extensor expansions

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24
Q

______ n. supplies the two lateral lumbricals.

A

Median

25
Q

______ n. supplies the two medial lumbricals.

A

Ulnar

26
Q

The two lateral lumbricals have __ head(s) and the two medial lumbricals have __ head(s).

A

1; 2

27
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Flexion of digits at metacarpo-phalangeal joints and extension of interphalangeal joints.

28
Q

Adductor pollicis (2 heads):

A 
Oblique head:
	O: Capitate and 2nd metacarpal
Transverse head:
	O: 3rd metacarpal
	I: Sesamoid bone, base of proximal phalanx, and extensor 
	expansion of the thumb
	N: DEEP BRANCH OF ULNAR N.
	A: Adduction of thumb, aids in opposition
29
Q

For deep muscles of the hand, extension and flexion are in relation to the ____, whereas abduction and adduction is expressed in relation to the ____.

A

Palm; middle finger

30
Q

Deep muscles of the hand include:

A
  1. Palmar interossei

2. Dorsal interossei

31
Q

Palmar interossei m. arise from the entire length of one ______ bone and is inserted into the side of the base of the _______ of the same finger and into the _______ on the dorsum of the finger.

A

Metacarpal; Proximal phalanx; Extensor expansion

32
Q

First Palmar interossei:

A

O: Medial side of 2nd metacarpal
I: Medial side proximal phalanx digit 2, and extensor expansion
N: Deep branch of ulnar n
A: ADDUCT the fingers toward the middle finger

33
Q

Second palmar interossei:

A

O: Lateral side of 4th metacarpal
I: Lateral side proximal phalanx of digit 4 and extensor expansion
N: Deep branch of the ulnar n.
A: ADDUCT fingers toward the middle finger

34
Q

Third palmar interossei:

A

O: Lateral side of 5th metacarpal
I: Lateral proximal phalanx of digit 5 and extensor expansion
N: Deep branch of ulnar n.
A: ADDUCT the fingers toward the middle finger

35
Q

Dorsal interossei:

A

There are 4 and each arises by two heads from the adjacent metacarpal bones and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion

36
Q

1st dorsal interossei:

A

Most prominent and largest, flat, triangular m. originating from 1st and 2nd metacarpals and inserting into the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the index finger
N: Deep branch of ulnar n.
A: ABDUCTION of digits 2-4 away from longitudinal axis thru the center of the middle finger (also flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5)

37
Q

2nd and 3rd dorsal interossei:

A

Both insert into the middle finger, 2nd on the lateral side and 3rd on the medial side
N: Deep branch of ulnar n.
A: ABDUCTION of digits 2-4 away from longitudinal axis thru the center of the middle finger (also flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5)

38
Q

4th dorsal interossei:

A

Inserts into the medial side of the ring finger
N: Deep branch of ulnar n.
A: ABDUCTION of digits 2-4 away from longitudinal axis thru the center of the middle finger (also flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5)

39
Q

Extensor expansion:

A

Aponeurotic or tendinous fusion of the digital extensors, lumbricals, and interossei tendons on the dorsal aspects of the digits

40
Q

Before going thru the carpal tunnel, the median n. gives off the _________ which runs anterior to the flexor retinaculum and supplies the skin of the _______.

A

Palmar cutaneous branch; thenar compartment

41
Q

At the distal border of the flexor retinaculum, the median n. divides into 2 branches:

A

Motor (recurrent median)

Sensory

42
Q

Motor (recurrent median) n. goes to:

A

The 3 thenar muscles - abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis AND the 1st and 2nd lumbricals

43
Q

Sensory median n. goes to:

A

Lateral palmar surface, the palmar surface of digits 1-3, and the lateral half of 4, these nerves are also sensory to the dorsum of the distal halves of digits 2-4

44
Q

Superficial branch of the ulnar n. supplies:

A

Palmaris brevis and divides into digital nerves which are sensory to the palmar surface and sides of the little finger and medial half of the ring finger

45
Q

Deep branch of the ulnar n. supplies:

A

All 3 muscles of the hypothenar compartment - adductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi, the 3rd and 4th lumbricals, ALL interossei, and ADDUCTOR POLLICIS

46
Q

Dorsal branch of the ulnar n.:

A

Arises in the lower third of the forearm and gives off dorsal digital n. that are SENSORY to the dorsal surface of the medial 1 and 1/2 digits

47
Q

Superficial radial n. supplies:

A

Skin of the posterior surface of the thumb, index, and half of the middle finger (except the distal phalanges of these digits which are supplied by the median n.)

48
Q

Deep palmar arch of the hand:

A

Formed by the radial a. which enters the hand after coursing through the snuff box, and between the 2 heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous (radial a. also gives off the princeps pollicis a. to the thumb and radialis indicis to the index finger)

49
Q

What does the palmar branch of the median nerve supply?

A

Anterior digits I-III and half (lateral) of IV.

Posterior distal portion of digits I-III and half (lateral) of IV.

50
Q

What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve in the hand distribute over?

A

Anterior digit V and medial IV

Dorsal digit V and IV (except the distal lateral half of IV)

51
Q

What supplies the thenar compartment?

A

The radial artery:

  1. Princeps pollicus and radicalism indicis: thenar compartment + lateral side of index finger. Supplies the skin + subcutaneous tissue of the thumb
  2. Superficial Palmar branch: thenar eminence
  3. Branches of the Superficial Palmar branch
52
Q

What artery supplies the hypothenar compartment?

A

Deep branches of the ulnar artery (deep palmar artery, superficial palmar artery)

53
Q

Blood supplies to the hand in general: what does the radial art supply? What does the ulnar art supply?

A

Radial: thumb+ lateral half of index … Thenar compartment
Ulnar: everything else (medial index-pinky) …hypothenar compartment

** these locations include anterior and posteriors!

54
Q

What makes up the palmar aponeurosis

A
  1. thick superficial part of longitudinal fibers continuous with the palmaris longus tendon 2. Thinner layer of transverse fibers
55
Q

What does the radial bursa cover?

A

covers the tendon of flexor pollicis longus

56
Q

What des the ulnar bursa cover?

A

covers tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

57
Q

The third and fourth lumbricals are_________ while the first and second Lumbricals re _________

A

Bipennate; unipennate

58
Q

what are anastosomes? Where are they prevalent?

A

collateral blood network; prevalent in the superficial/deep palmar arches, the scapula (via circumflex scapular artery)

59
Q

where are the palmar spaces located?

A

mid-palmar, posterior to the radial and palmar bursae and the adductor pollicis muscle. There are two spaces and they are separated by the oblique palmar septum (anterior border of MC III to palmar aponeurosis)
INFECTION IN THESE AREAS CAN ONLY MOVE PROXIMALLY BUT NOT LATERALLY OR MEDIALLY

60
Q

lateral palmar space

A

lateral to oblique palmar septum

61
Q

medial palmar space

A

medial to oblique palmar septum

Anatomy (9 decks)

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