Muscles Origins and Insertions and Actions Flashcards
Anterior Tibialis Origin
Lateral condyle and proximal 2/3’s of lateral surface of tibia
Ant. Tib. Insertion
Medial and plantar aspects of the cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
Main F(x) of Ant Tib
concentrically accelerates dorsiflexion and inversion
Synergistical F(x) of Ant Tib
eccentrically decels plantarflex and eversion, and isometrically stabilizes arch of foot
Posterior Tibabilias Origin
Proximal 2/3s of posterior surface of tibia and fibula
Post. Tib. Main Insertion
navicular tuberosity and medial cuneiform bone
Post tib other insertion
Every tarsal bone (nav, cunei, cuboid) but the talus plus the bases of the second through fourth metatarsals
Main function of Post Tib
Concentrically accelerates plantarflexion and inversion of foot
Syn function of Post tib
Eccenrically decels dorsiflexiom and eversion of the foot, and isometrically stabilizes arch
Soleus Origin
Posterior surface of the fibular head and proximal 1/3 of its shaft and from the post side of tibia
Gastroc and Soleus Insertion
Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
Achilles must have had a well dvp’d Soleus and Gastroc
Soleus and Gastroc main function
concentrically accels plantarflexion
Gastroc and Soleus syn funct
ecc decels ankle dorsiflex, and isometrically stabilizes foot
Peroneus Longus Origin
Lateral condyle of tibia, head, and proximal 2/3s of the lateral surface of the fibula
Peroneus Longus Insertion
Lateral surface of the medial cuneiform and lateral side of the base of the 1st metatarsal
Main f(c) of Peroneus longus
concentricallu plantarflexes and everts foot
syn f(x) of peroneus longus
decel ankle dorsiflex, isometricallu stabilizes foot and ankle complex
Biceps femoris long head orgin
ischial tuberositu of pelvis, part of the sacrotuberous ligament
Biceps femoris long and short head insertsion
Head of fibula
Biceps femoris long head main f(c)
Concentrically accelerates knee flexion and hip extension, and tibial ext rot
Biceps femoris long head syn function
Eccentrically decels knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial int rot at midstance of gait cycle, and it also isometricallu stabilizes the LPHC and knee
Biceps femoris short head origin
lower 1/3 of post. aspect of the femur
Biceps femoris short head main function
concentrically accelerates knee flexion and tibial ext rot
Biceps femoris short head syn funct
Ecc decels knee extension and tibial internal rot, and isometricallu stabilizes knee
Semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity of pelvis
Semimembranosus insertion
Posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle of the tibia
Semimembranosus and Semitiendinosus main function
Concentrically accelerate knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial int rot
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus syn funct
Ecc decels knee extension, hip flex, and tibial ext rot, and isometrically stabilizes the LPHC and knee
Semitiendinosus origin
ischial tubersoity of pelvis and part of sacrotuberous ligament
Semitiendinosus insertion
PROXIMAL aspect of medial tibial condyle of tibia (pes anserine)
What muscles comprise of hamstring complex?
Biceps Femoris long and short heads, Semimembranosus, and Semitiendinosus
What muscles make up quads?
Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis O
Anterior and inferior border of the greater trochanter, lateral region of the gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
Vastus lateralis I
base of patella and tibial tuberosity of the tibia
Vastus lateralis, medialis main funct
conc accelerates knee extension
Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius syn funct
Ecc decels knee flex, adduction, and internal rot, and isometrically stabilizes knee
Vastus medialis O
lower region of intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera, proxomal medial supracondylar line of femur
Vastus medialis I
Base of patella, tibial tubersoity of tibia
vastus intermedius O
anterior-lateral regions of the upper 2/3’s of femur
vastus intermedius I
base of patella, tibial tuberosity of tibia
Rectus femoris O
Ant-inf iliac spine of pelvis
Rectus femoris I
Base of patella, tibial tuberosity of the tibia
Rectus femoris main function
conc accels knee extension and hip flexion
Rectus femoris syn function
Ecc decels knee flexion, adduction, and internal rot, decels hip extension, and isometrically stabilizes LPHC and knee
Adductor longus O
Ant surface of the of pubic ramus of pelvis
Adductor longus I
Proximal 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
Adductor longus main f(c)
concentrically accels hip addution, flexion, and int rot
Adductor longus syn funct
ecc decels hip abd, ext, ext rot, and isomet stabilizes LPHC
Add magnus ant fibers O
ischial ramus of pelvis
Add magnus ant fibers I
linea aspera of the femur
Add magnus ant and post fibers main funct
conc accells hip add, flexion and int rot
Add magnus ant fibers syn funct
ecc decels hip abd, extension, and external rot, and dynamically stabilizes the LPHC
Add magnus post fibers O
Ischial tuberosity of pelvis
Add magnus post fibers I
add tubercle on femur
Add magnus post fibers syn funct
ecc decels hip abd, flexion, and internal rot, and isometrically stabilizes LPHC
Add brevis O
Ant surface of the inf pubic ramus of pelvis
Add brevis I
proximal 1/3 of linea aspera of the femur
Add brevis main funct
concentrically accels hip add, flexion, and internal rot
Add brevis syn funct
ecc decels hip abd, ext,, and ext rot, and isometrically stabilizes the LPHC
Gracilis O
Ant aspect of lower body of pubis
Gracilis I
Proximal medial surface of tibia (pes anserine)
Gracilis main function
conc accels hip add, flexion, and internal rot, and assists in tibial int rot
Gracilis syn function
ecc decels hip abd, extension, and ext rot, and isometriclaly stabilizes the LPHC and knee.
Pectineus O
Pectineal line on the superior pubic ramus of pelvis
Pectineus I
Pectineal line on the post surface of the upper femur
Pectineus Main funct
conc accel hip adduction, flexion, and internal rot
Pectineus syn funct
ecc decel hip abd, extension, ext rot, and isometrically stabilizes LPHC
Gluteus medius O
Outer surface of the ilium of pelvis
Gluteus medius I
lateral surface of the greater trochanter on the femur
Ant fibers of Gluteus medius main function
conc accel hip abd and int rot
Post fibers of Gluteus medius main function
conc accel hip abd and ext rot
Post and Ant fibers of Gluteus medius syn function both do what?
ecc decel hip add and isometrically stabilizes the LPHC
Post fibers of Gluteus medius syn function
int rot
Ant fibers of Gluteus medius syn function
ext rot
Gluteus minimus O
Ilium of pelvis btwn ant and inf gluteal line
Gluteus minimus I
greater trochanter of femur
Gluteus minimus main funct
conc accel hip abd and internal rot
Gluteus minimus syn funct
ecc devels hip add and ext rot, and isometricallu stabilizes LPHC
Gluteus maximus O
outer ilium of pelvis, post side of sacrum and coccyx, and part of the sacrotuberous and post sacroiliac ligament
Gluteus maximus I
Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
Gluteus maximus main funct
conc accels hip extension and ext rot
Gluteus maximus syn funct
ecc decel hip flex and int rot, decels tibial internal rot via IT band, and isometricallu stabilizes LPHC
What 2 muscles comprise of the iliopsoas muscle group?
The two muscles that make up the iliopsoas group are the psoas major and iliacus.
Tensor fascia latae (w/ IT band) O
Outer surface of iliac crest just post to the ant-sup iliac spine of pelvis
Tensor fascia latae (w/ IT band) I
Prox 1/3 of IT band
Tensor fascia latae (w/ IT band) main funct
conc accel hip flex, abd, and int rot
Tensor fascia latae (w/ IT band) syn funct
Ecc decel hip ext, add, ext rot, and isomet stabilizes LPHC
Psoas O
Transverse processes and lateral bodies of the last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae including intervertebral disks
Psoas and Iliacus I
Lesser trochanter of femur
Psoas main funct
conc accels hip flex and ext rot, extends and rotates lumbar spine
Psoas syn funct
Ecc deces hip internal rot, hip extension, and isometrically stabilizes LPHC
Iliacus O
superior 2/3s of iliac fossa, inner lip of iliac crest
Iliacus main funct
conc accel hip flex and ext rot
Iliacus syn funct
ecc decel hip extension and internal rot, and isomet stabilizes the LPHC
Sartorius O
Ant-sup iliac spine of pelvis
Sartorius I
Proximal medial surface of tibia
Sartorius main funct
conc accels hip flex, ext rot, and abd, knee flexion, and int rot
Sart syn funct
Ecc decels hip extension and internal rot, knee ext, ext rot, and isometrically stabilizes LPHC and knee.
Piriformis O
Anterior side of the sacrum
Piriformis I
Greater trochanter of femur
Piriformis Main f(c)
conc accel hip external rot, abd, and extension
Piriformis syn function
ecc decelerates hip internal rot, add, flexion, and isometrically stabilizes hip and sacroiliac jts
Rectus Abdominis O
Pubic symphysis of pelvis
Rectus Abdominis I
Ribs 5-7, and Xiphoid process of sternum
Rectus Abdominis Main f(x)
Conc accel spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rot
Rectus Abdominis syn funct
Ecc decels spinal ext, lateral flexion, and rot
Also, isom stabilizes the LPHC
External Oblique O
external surface of ribs 4-12
External Oblique I
Anterior iliac crest of pelvis, linea alba, and contralateral rectus sheaths.
External Oblique main funct
Conc accels spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation
External Oblique syn funct
ecc decels spinal ext, lateral flexion, and rot, and isomlly stabilizes the lPHC
Internal Oblique O
Ant 2/3’s of iliac crest of the pelvis and thoracolumbar fascia
Internal Oblique I
Ribs 9-12 and linea alba and contralat rectus sheaths
Internal Oblique Main Funct
Conc accels spinal flex, lateral flex, ad ispilateral rot
Internal Oblique syn funct
Ecc decels spinal ext, rot, and lateral flex, and isom stabilizes the LPHC
Transverse Abdominis O
ribs 7-12, ant 2/3s of iliac crest of pelvis, and thoracolumbar fascia
Transverse Abdominis I
Lineae alba and contralateral rectus sheaths
Transverse Abdominis main function
increase intra-abd pressure, and supports the abd viscera
Transverse Abdominis syn function
isometlly stabilizes LPHC
Diaphragm O costal part
inner surfaces of the cartilages and adjacent bony regions of ribs 6-12
Diaphragm O sternal part
post. side of xiphoid process
Diaphragm O cural/lumbar part
1) 2 aponeurotic arches covering the external surfaces of the quadratus lumborum and psoas major
2) right and left crus, orginating from the bodies of L1 - L3 and their intervertbral disks
Diaphragm I
central tendon
Diaphragm function
conc pulls the central tendon inferiorly, increasing the V in thoracic cavity
Diaphragm syn function
stabs the LPHC
What muscles make up the superficial Erector spinae?
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis
Division of Superficial Erector spinae
Lumorum (lumbar)
Thoracis (thoracic)
Cervicis (cervical)
Superficial Erector spinae common Os
iliac crest of the pelvis, sacrum, and spinous and trnasverse process of T11-L5
Iliocostalis lumborum division Insert
inf border of ribs 7-12
Iliocostalis Thoracis div Insertion
sup border of ribs 1-6
Iliocostalis Cervicis div insert
transverse process of C4-C6
Longissimus Throcis div insert
transverse process T1-T12, ribs 2-12
Longissimus Cervicis div insert
trans process C6-C2
Longissimus Capitis div insert
Mastoid process of skull
Spinalis Thoracis div insert
spin process of T7-T4
Spinalis Cervicis div insert
spin process of C3-C2
Spinalis Capitis div insert
Btwn sup and inf nuchal lines on occipital bone of skull
Superficial Erector spinae main funct
conclly acels spinal ext, rot, and lateral flex
Superficial Erector spinae syn funct
eccly decels spinal flex, rot, and lateral flex, and dynamicallu stabilizes the spine durig functional movements
Quadratus lumborum O
Iliac crest of pelvis
Quadratus lumborum I
12th rib, trans process L2-L5
Quadratus lumborum main funct
spinal lateral flex
Quadratus lumborum syn funct
ecc decels contralaeral lateral spinal flex, and isom stab the LPHC
Multifidus O
post aspect of sacrum; process of lumbar, thoracic, and c spine
Multifidus I
spinous processes 1-4 segments above origin
Multifidus main funct
conclly accels spinal ext and contralateral rot
Multifidus syn funct
ecc decels spinal flex and rot; isom stabilizes spine
Lats O
Spinous processes of T70T12, iliac crest of pelvis, thoracolumbar fascia, and ribs 9-12
Lats I
inf angle of scap, intertubercular groove of humerus
Lats main functt
conc accel shoulder ext, add, and int rot
Lats syn funct
ecc decels shoulder flex, abd, and ext rot, and spinal flex, and isom stab the LPHC & shoulder
Serratus anterior origin
ribs 4-12
Serratus anterior insert
medial border of scapula
Serratus anterior main funct
conc accels scapular protraction
Serratus anterior syn function
Ecc decels dynamic scapular retraction, isometrically stabilizes the scapula
Rhomboid major O
Spinous processes C7-T5
Rhomboid major I
Medial border of the scapula
Rhom major main function
conc produces scapular retraction and downward rot
Rhom major syn function
ecc decels scapular portraction and upward rot, and isometrically stabilizes the scapula
Rhomboid minor O
Spin processes C7-T1
Rhomboid minor I
medial border of scapula superior to spine
Rhomboid minor main funct
conc produces scapular retraction and downward rot
Rh minor syn funct
ecc decels scapular portraction and upward rot, and isometrically stabilizes the scapula
lower traps O
spin processes T6-T12
lower traps I
spine of scapula
lower traps main funct
conc accels scapular depression
lower traps syn funct
Ecc decels scapular elevation, isomly stabs the scap
Middle traps O
spin processes T1-T5
Mid traps I
Acromion process of scap, superior aspect of spine of scapula
Mid traps main function
concly accels scapular retraction
mid traps syn funct
Ecc decels scapular elevation, isomly stabs the scap
Upper traps O
External occiptial protuberance of the skull, spinous process of C7
Upper Traps I
lateral third of the clavicle
acromion process of scapula
Upper traps main funct
Conc accelerates cervical extension, lateral flexion, and rot, and scapular elevation.
Upper traps syn funct
Ecc decels cervical flexion, lateral felxion, and rot, and scapular depression. Isom stabs C spine and scap
Pec major O Clavicular
Ant surface of clavicle
Pec major Sternocostal O
Ant surface of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-7
Pec major insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Pec major main function
Conc accels shoulder flexion (clavicular fibers), horoizontal add, and internal rot
Pec major syn function
Ecc decels shoulder extension, h abd, and ext rot, isom stabs shoulder girdle
Pec minor O
ribs 305
Pec minor insertion
coracoid process of scapula
Pec minor main fucntion
conc protracts scapula
Pec minor syn function
ecc decels scapular retraction, isom stabs shoulder girdle
Ant Deltoid Origin
Lateral third of clavicle
Ant Deltoid I
Deltoid tubersity of humerus
Ant Deltoid main funct
conc accels shoulder flexion and internal rotation
Ant Deltoid syn funct
ecc decel shoulder extension and external rot, and isom stabilizes shoulder girdle
Med Deltoid O
Acromion process of scapula
Med Delt I
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Med delt main function
conc accells shoulder abd
Med delt syn function
ecc del shoulder add, & isom stabs shoulder girdle
Posterior Deltoid Origin
spine of scapula
Post delt I
deltoid tubersoity of humerus
Post delt main funct
Conc accel shoulder ext and ext rot
Post delt syn function
Ecc decel shoulder flexion and internal rot, isom stabs shoulder girdle
Teres major O
Inf angle of scapula
Teres major I
lesser tubercle of humerus
Teres major main funct
conc accels shoulder internal rot, add, and extension
Teres major syn funct
Ecc decels shoulder ext rot, abd, and flexion. Isom stabs shoulder girdle
Teres minor O
lateral border of scap
Teres minor I
greater tubercle of humerus
Teres minor main funct
conc accel shoulder external rotation
Teres minor syn funct
Ecc decelerates shoulder internal rotation, isom stabs shoulder girdle
Infraspinatus O
Infrapinous fossa of scapula
Infraspinatus I
Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Infraspinatus main function
Conc accels shoulder ext rot
Infraspinatus syn funct
ecc decels shoulder internal rot, isom stabilizes shoulder girdle
Subscapularis O
subscapular fossa of scapula
Subscapularis I
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Subscapularis main funct
conc accels shoulder internal rotation
subscap syn funct
Ecc decelerates shoulder external rot
Isom stabilizes the shoulder girdle
supraspinatus o
Supraspinous fossa of scap
supraspinatus I
superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus
supraspinatus main f(c)
conc accels abd of arm
supraspinatus syn funct
Ecc decels add of arm, isom stabilize shoulder girdle
what are the 4 muscles of shoulder rot cuff?
Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus, teres minor, and subscap
Biceps brachii short head O
coracoid process of the scap
Biceps brachii long head O
tubercle above glenoid cavity on the humerus
Biceps brachii I
radial tuberosity of the radius
Biceps brachii main funct
Concent acels elbow flexion, supination of radioulnar jt, and shoulder flexion
Biceps brachii syn funct
Ecc decels elbow ext, pronation of RU jt, and shoulder extension, and isom stabs elbow and shoulder girdle
Triceps brachii long head O
Infraglenoid tubercle of scap
Triceps brachii short and medial head O
posterior humerus
Triceps brachii main funct
Concentrically accels elbow extension and shoulder ext
Triceps brachii I
oleceranon process of ulna
Triceps brachii syn funct
Ecc decels elbow flex and shoulder flex, isom stabs elbow and shoulder girdle
Brachioradialis O
lateral suprcondylar ridge of humerus
Brachioradialis I
lateral surface of distal radius, immediately above styloid process
Brachioradialis main function
conc accel elbow flex
Brachioradialis syn functio
ecc decel elbow extension, isom stab the elbow
Brachialis O
Lower half of the ant surface of the humerus
Brachialis I
tuberosity and coronoid prociess of the ulna
Brachialis main funct
conc accel elbwow flexion
Brachialis syn function
ecc decel elbow exten, isom stabilizes elbow
lev scap o
transverse processes of C1-C4
lev scap I
superior vertebral border of scapulae
lev scap main funct
Conc accel cervical extension, lateral flex, ispila rot when scapulae is anchored, and assists in elvation and downward rot of scapulae
lev scap syn funct
Ecc decels cervical flex and contralateral cervical rot and lateral rot, scap dep and upward rot when neck stabilzed, and stabilzes C spine and scaps
Sternocleidomastoid sternal head O
top of manubrium
Sternocleidomastoid clav head O
Medial 1/3 of clav
Sternocleidomastoid I
mastoid process, lateral superior nuchal line of the occiput of the skull
Sternocleidomastoid main funct
conc acceles c flex, rot, and lateral flex
Sternocleidomastoid syn funct
ecc decels c ect, rot, and lateral flex, isom stabs the C spine and AC jt
Scalenes O
transverse processes of C3-C7
Scalenes I
first and second ribs
Scalenes main funct
conc accels c flexion, rot, and lateral flex, and assists rib elevation during inhalation
Scalenes syn funct
ecc decels C ext, rot, and lateral flexion;isom stabs C spine
Longus coli O
Ant portion of T1-T3
Longus coli I
Anterior and lateral C1
Longus coli main funct
Conc accels cervical flexion, lat flexion, and ipsilateral rot
Longus coli syn funct
Ecc decels c extension, lat flex, and contralat rot; isom stabs C spine
Longus capitis O
transverse processes C3-C6
Longus capitis I
inf occipital bone
Longus capitis main funct
conc accel cervical flex and lateral flexion
Longus capitis syn funct
ecc decels c ext, isom stabs the c spine