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A&P I - Grace College > Muscles - Origin, Insertion, & Action > Flashcards

Muscles - Origin, Insertion, & Action Flashcards

1
Q

Buccinator

A

Compresses cheeks

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2
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Depresses lower lip

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3
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

Elevates upper lip

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4
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Elevates corner of mouth

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5
Q

Mentalis

A

Elevates and protrudes lower lip

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6
Q

Obicularis oris

A

Compresses, purses lips

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7
Q

Risorius

A

Draws corner of mouth to the side

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8
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Depresses corner of mouth

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9
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

Retracts and elevates corner of mouth

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10
Q

Zygomaticus minor

A

Retracts and elevates upper lip

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11
Q

Corrugator supercili

A

Pulls skin inferiorly and anteriorly; wrinkles brow

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12
Q

Levator palpebrae superloris

A

Elevates upper eyelid

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13
Q

Obicularis oculi

A

Closes eyelid

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14
Q

Procerus

A

Moves nose, changes position and shape of nostrils

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15
Q

Nasalis

A

Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils

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16
Q

Temporoparietalis

A

Tenses scalp, moves auricle of ear

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17
Q

Occipitofrontalis (Frontal Belly)

A

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

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18
Q

Occipitofrontalis (Occipital Belly)

A

Tenses and retracts scalp

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19
Q

Platysma

A

Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible, pulls lower lip down

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20
Q

Inferior rectus

A

Eye looks inferiorly

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21
Q

Medial rectus

A

Eye looks medially

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22
Q

Superior rectus

A

Eye looks superiorly

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23
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Eye looks laterally

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24
Q

Inferior oblique

A

Eye rolls, looks superiorly and laterally

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25
Q

Superior oblique

A

Eye rolls, looks inferiorly and laterally

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26
Q

Masseter

A

Elevates mandible and closes the jaw

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27
Q

Temporalis

A

Elevates the mandible

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28
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Opens jaws, protrudes mandible, slides the mandible from side to side (lateral excursion)

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29
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

Elevates the mandible and closes the jaw, slides the mandible from side to side (lateral excursion)

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30
Q

Splenius capitis and Splenius cervicis

A

Together, the two sides extend the neck; alone, each rotates and laterally flexes neck to that side

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31
Q

Spinalis cervicis

A

Extends the neck

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32
Q

Spinalis thoracis

A

Extends vertebral column

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33
Q

Longissimus capitis and Longissimus cervicis

A

Together, the two sides extend the head; alone each rotates and laterally flexes neck to that side

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34
Q

Longissimus thoracis

A

Extends vertebral column; alone, each produces lateral flexion to that side

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35
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis

A

Extends or laterally flexes neck, elevates ribs

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36
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis

A

Stabilizes thoracic vertebrae in extension

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37
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum

A

Extends vertebral column, depresses ribs

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38
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Together, the two sides extend the head; alone, each extends and laterally flexes the neck

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39
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

A

Extends vertebral column and rotates toward opposite side

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40
Q

Semispinalis thoracis

A

Extends vertebral column and rotates toward opposite side

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41
Q

Multifidus

A

Extends vertebral column and rotates toward opposite side

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42
Q

Rotatores

A

Extends vertebral column and rotates toward opposite side

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43
Q

Interspinales

A

Extends vertebral column

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44
Q

Intertransversarli

A

Laterally flexes the vertebral column

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45
Q

Longus capitis

A

Together, the two sides flex the neck; alone, each rotates head to that side

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46
Q

Longus colli

A

Flexes or rotates neck; limits hyperextension

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47
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Together, they depress ribs; alone, each side laterally flexes vertebral column

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48
Q

Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior)

A

Elevate ribs or flex the neck

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49
Q

External intercostals

A

Elevate ribs

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50
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Depress ribs

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51
Q

Transversus thoracis

A

Depress ribs

52
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

Elevates ribs, enlarges thoracic cavity

53
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

Pulls ribs inferiorly, also pulls outward, opposing diaphragm

54
Q

External oblique

A

Compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine

55
Q

Internal oblique

A

Compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine

56
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

Compresses abdomen

57
Q

Diaphragm

A

Contraction expands thoracic cavity and compresses abdominopelvic cavity

58
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

59
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Origin - Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae

Insertion - Vertebral border of scapula near superior angle

Action - Elevates scapula

60
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origin - Anterior-superior surfaces of ribs 2-4

Insertion - Coracoid process of scapula

Action - Depresses and protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly; elevates ribs if scapula is stationary

61
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Origin - Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae

Insertion - Vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

Action - Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

62
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Origin - Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1

Insertion - Vertebral border of scapula near spine

Action - Adducts scapula and performs downward
rotation

63
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Origin - Anterior and superior margins of ribs 1–9

Insertion - Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

Action - Protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly

64
Q

Subclavius

A

Origin - First rib

Insertion - Clavicle (inferior border)

Action - Depresses and protracts shoulder

65
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin - Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Insertion - Clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)

Action - Depends on active region and state of other muscles; may (1) elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward, (2) elevate clavicle, or (3) extend neck

66
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin - Clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)

Insertion - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action -
Whole muscle: Abduction at shoulder

Anterior part: Flexion and medial rotation

Posterior part: Extension and lateral rotation

67
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin - Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion - Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action - Abduction at the shoulder

68
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin - Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion - Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action - Medial rotation at shoulder

69
Q

Teres major

A

Origin - Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion - Passes medially to reach the medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action - Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

70
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin - infraspinous fossa scapula

Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus

Action - Lateral rotation at shoulder

71
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin - Lateral border of scapula

Insertion - Passes laterally to reach the greater tubercle of humerus

Action - Lateral rotation at shoulder

72
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin - Coracoid process

Insertion - Medial margin of shaft of humerus

Action - Adduction and flexion at shoulder

73
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origin - Cartilages of ribs 2–6, body of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle

Insertion - Crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action - Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

74
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin - Spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion - Floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus

Action - Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

75
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin - Short head from the coracoid process; long head from the supraglenoid tubercle (both on the scapula)

Insertion - Tuberosity of radius

Action - Flexion at elbow and shoulder; supination

76
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin - Anterior, distal surface of humerus

Insertion - Tuberosity of ulna

Action - Flexion at elbow

77
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin - Ridge superior to the lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion - Lateral aspect of styloid process of radius

Action - Flexion at elbow

78
Q

Aconeus

A

Origin - Posterior, inferior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion - Lateral margin of olecranon on ulna

Action - Extension at elbow

79
Q

Triceps brachii (lateral head)

A

Origin - Superior, lateral margin of humerus

Insertion - Olecranon of ulna

Action - Extension at elbow

80
Q

Triceps brachii (long head)

A

Origin - Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion - Olecranon of ulna

Action - Extension at elbow, plus extension and adduction at the shoulder

81
Q

Triceps brachii (medial head)

A

Origin - Posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove

Insertion - Olecranon of ulna

Action - Extension at elbow

82
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin - Anterior and medial surfaces of distal portion of ulna

Insertion - Anterolateral surface of distal portion of radius

Action - Pronation

83
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion - Midlateral surface of radius

Action - Pronation

84
Q

Supinator

A

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament, and ridge near radial notch of ulna

Insertion - Anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity

Action - Supination

85
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion - Bases of second and third metacarpal bones

Action - Flexion and abduction at wrist

86
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent medial surface of olecranon and anteromedial portion of ulna

Insertion - Pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal bone

Action - Flexion and adduction at wrist

87
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion - Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

Action - Flexion at wrist

88
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion - Base of second metacarpal bone

Action - Extension and abduction at wrist

89
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion - Base of third metacarpal bone

Action - Extension and abduction at wrist

90
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of ulna

Insertion - Base of fifth metacarpal bone

Action - Extension of adduction at wrist

91
Q

Abductor pollicis

A

Abduction at joins of thumb and wrist

92
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Extension at finger joints and wrist

93
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extension at joints of thumb; abduction at wrist

94
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extension at joints of thumb; abduction at wrist

95
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Extension and adduction at joints of index finger

96
Q

Extensor digit minimi

A

Extension at joints of little finger

97
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexion at proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints

98
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexion at distal interphalangeal joints and, to a lesser degree, proximal interphalangeal joints and wrist

99
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexion at joints of thumb

100
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin - Iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, and lateral surface of ilium; sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion - Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Action - Extension and lateral rotation at hip

101
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Origin - Anterior iliac crest of ilium, lateral surface between posterior and anterior gluteal lines

Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur

Action - Abduction and medial rotation at hip

102
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Origin - Lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur

Action - Abduction and medial rotation at hip

103
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

Origin - Iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion - Iliotibial tract

Action - Flexion and medial rotation at hip; tenses fasciae latae which laterally supports the knee

104
Q

Obturators (externus and internus)

A

Origin - Lateral and medial margins of obturator foramen

Insertion - Trachanteric fossa of femur (externus); medial surface of greater trochanter (internus)

Action - Lateral rotation at hip

105
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin - Anterolateral surface of sacrum

Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur

Action - Lateral rotation and abduction at hip

106
Q

Gemelli (superior and inferior)

A

Origin - Ischial spine and tuberosity

Insertion - Medial surface of greater trochanter with tendon of obturator internus

Action - Lateral rotation at hip

107
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Origin - Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Intertrochanteric crest of femur

Action - Lateral rotation at hip

108
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Origin - Inferior ramus of pubic

Insertion - Linea aspera of femur

Action - Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip

109
Q

Adductor longus

A

Origin - Inferior ramus of pubs anterior to adductor brevis

Insertion - Linea aspera of femur

Action - Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip

110
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Origin - Inferior ramus of pubis posterior to adductor brevis and ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

Action - Adduction at hip; superior part produces flexion and medial rotation; inferior part produces etension and lateral rotation

111
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin - Superior ramus of pubis

Insertion - Pectineal line inferior to lesser trochanter of femur

Action - Flexion, medial rotation, and adduction at hip

112
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin - Inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion - Medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle

Action - Flexion at knee; adduction and medial rotation at hip

113
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin - Iliac fossa of ilium

Insertion - Femur distal to leser trochanter; tendon fused with that of psoas major

Action - Flexion at hip

114
Q

Psoas major

A

Origin - Anterior surfaces and transverse processes of vertebrae (T12-L5)

Insertion - Lesser trochanter in company with iliacus

Action - Flexion at hip or lumbar intervertebral joints

115
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Origin - Ishial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur

Insertion - Head of fibula lateral condyle of tibia

Action - Flexion at knee; extension and lateral rotation at hip

116
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin - Ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

Action - Flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip

117
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin - Ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Proximal, medial surface of tibia near insertion of gracilis

Action - Flexion at knee; flexion and lateral rotation at hip

118
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin - Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion - Medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity

Action - Flexion at knee; flexion and lateral rotation at hip

119
Q

Popliteus

A

Origin - Lateral condyle of femur

Insertion - Posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft

Action - Medial rotation of tibia; flexion at knee

120
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin - Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium

Insertion - Tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament

Action - Extension at knee; flexion at hip

121
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin - Anterolateral surface of femur and linea aspera

Insertion - Tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament

Action - Extension at knee

122
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin - Anterior and inferior to greater trochanter of femur and along linea aspera

Insertion - Tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament

Action - Extension at knee

123
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Origin - Entire length of linea aspera of femur

Insertion - Tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament

Action - Extension at knee

124
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin - Lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia

Insertion - Base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform bone

Action - Flexion (dorsiflexion) at ankle; inversion of foot

125
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

Origin - Distal anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion - Dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal bone

Action - Flexion (dorsiflexion) at ankle; eversion of foot

A&P I - Grace College (5 decks)

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