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Musculoskeletal System > Muscles of Upper Limb & Thorax > Flashcards

Muscles of Upper Limb & Thorax Flashcards

0
Q

What is the innervation and function of the pectoralis minor?

A

INNERVATION = medial pectoral nerves (……)

FUNCTION =
Depresses tip of shoulder
Protects scapula

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1
Q

What is the innervation and function of the pectoralis major?

A

INNERVATION:
Medial & lateral pectoral nerves (………)

FUNCTION:
Adduction of humerus at shoulder joint
Medial rotation of humerus at shoulder joint
Flexion of humerus at shoulder joint

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2
Q

What is the innervation and function of the subclavius?

A

INNERVATION = nerve to subclavius

FUNCTION =
Pulls clavicle medially to stabilise the sternoclavicular joint

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3
Q

What is the innervation and function of the serratus anterior?

A

INNERVATION = long thoracic nerve

FUNCTION =
Laterally rotates scapula
Protects scapula

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4
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A

ANTERIOR WALL: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia

POSTERIOR WALL: subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, long head of triceps brachii

MEDIAL WALL: upper thoracic wall, serratus anterior

LATERAL WALL: intertubercular sulcus

INLET: lateral margin of 1st rib, posterior surface of clavicle, superior margin of scapula to coracoid process

FLOOR: skin of armpit, clavipectoral fascia

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5
Q

What are the structures which define the areas of the axillary artery? How does the axillary vein differ?

A

Starts as subclavian artery

Lateral margin of 1st rib 
1st segment of axillary artery 
2nd segment of axillary artery underneath pectoralis minor 
3rd segment of axillary artery
Lower border of teres major

Becomes brachial artery

note: axillary vein segments backwards, and splits into cephalic vein (lateral) and basilic vein (medial)

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6
Q

What is the innervation and function of the subscapularis?

A

INNERVATION = upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,[C6],C7)

FUNCTION =
Rotator cuff muscle - medial rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint

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7
Q

What is the innervation and function of the teres major?

A

INNERVATION = lower subscapular nerve ([C5],[C6],[C7])

FUNCTION =
Medial rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint
Partial extension of arm at glenohumeral joint
Adduction of arm at glenohumeral joint

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8
Q

What is the innervation and function of latissimus dorsi? (superficial)

A

INNERVATION = thoracodorsal nerve (C6,[C7],C8)

FUNCTION =
Adduction of arm at glenohumeral joint
Medial rotation of arm at glenohumeral joint
Extension of upper limb at glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

What is the innervation and function of the long head of triceps brachii?

A

INNERVATION = radial nerve

FUNCTION =
Extension of forearm at elbow joint
(long head) Accessory adduction of upper limb at glenohumeral joint
(long head) Extension of upper limb at glenohumeral joint

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10
Q

What are the spaces in the axilla that nerves and vessels pass through?

A

Suprascapular foramen: suprascapular nerve

Quadrangular space: axillary nerve & posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

Triangular space: circumflex scapular artery

Triangular interval: radial nerve & profunda brachii artery

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11
Q

What is the innervation and function of the biceps brachii?

A

INNERVATION = musculocutaneous nerve

FUNCTION =
Powerful flexor of forearm at elbow joint
Supinator of forearm
Accessory flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint

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12
Q

What is the innervation and function of the coracobrachialis?

A

INNERVATION = musculocutaneous nerve

FUNCTION =
Flexion of arm at glenohumeral joint
Adduction of arm

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13
Q

What is the innervation and function of the trapezius? (superficial)

A

INNERVATION = accessory nerve (C11?)

FUNCTION = rotation of scapula (abduction from 90-180 degrees)

Superior:
- elevates scapula

Middle:
- retracts scapula

Inferior:
- depresses scapula

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14
Q

What is the innervation and function of the levator scapulae? (deep)

A

INNERVATION = dorsal scapular nerve & cervical nerves (C5)

FUNCTION =
Elevates scapula
Rotates scapula whilst depressing glenohumeral joint

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15
Q

What is the innervation and function of the rhomboid muscles? (deep)

A

INNERVATION = dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

FUNCTION =
elevates and retracts scapula
Rotates scapula whilst depressing glenohumeral joint

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16
Q

What is the innervation and function of the deltoid?

A

INNERVATION = axillary nerve

FUNCTION =

Anterior (clavicular):
- flexion of arm at glenohumeral joint

Middle (acromial):
- abduction of arm from 15-90 degrees

Posterior (spinal)
- extension of arm at glenohumeral joint

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17
Q

What is the innervation and function of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

INNERVATION = suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

FUNCTION = 
Initiates abduction (0-15 degrees)
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18
Q

What is the innervation and function of teres minor?

A

INNERVATION = axillary nerve

FUNCTION =
Lateral rotation of arm
Weak adduction of arm

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19
Q

What is the innervation and function of the infraspinatus?

A

INNERVATION = suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)

FUNCTION =
Lateral rotation of arm

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20
Q

What is the innervation and function of the brachialis?

A

INNERVATION = musculocutaneous nerve (& radial nerve to lateral part)

FUNCTION =
Powerful flexor of forearm at elbow joint

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21
Q

What are the margins of the cubital fossa?

A

SUPERIOR = line between lateral & medial epicondyles

MEDIAL = pronator teres

LATERAL = brachioradialis

ROOF = brachialis & supinator muscles

FLOOR = brachial & antebrachial deep fascia & bicipital aponeurosis

22
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

MEDIAL LATERAL
Median nerve brachial artery biceps tendon radial nerve*
(*deep between brachioradialis & brachialis)

  • biceps brachii
  • radial artery
  • ulnar artery
  • bicipital aponeurosis
  • deep accompanying veins of arteries
23
Q

What are the superficial structures of the cubital fossa?

A
  • medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
  • lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
  • cephalic vein
  • basilic vein
  • median cubital vein
24
Q

What is the innervation and function of flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial anterior)?

A

INNERVATION = ulnar nerve

FUNCTION =
Flexion of wrist joint
Adduction of wrist joint

25
Q

What is the innervation and function of palmaris longus (anterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = median nerve

FUNCTION =
Flexion of wrist joint

note: palmar aponeurosis anchors skin so it does not tear when gripping

26
Q

What is the innervation and function of flexor carpi radialis (anterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = median nerve

FUNCTION =
Flexion of wrist joint
Abduction of wrist

27
Q

What is the innervation and function of pronator teres (anterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = median nerve

FUNCTION =
Pronation

28
Q

What is the innervation and function of flexor digitorum superficialis (anterior & intermediate)?

A

INNERVATION = median nerve

FUNCTION =
Flexion of proximal interphalangeal & metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers and the wrist joint

29
Q

What is the innervation and function of flexor digitorum profundus (anterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = lateral half of median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) & medial half of ulnar nerve

FUNCTION =
Flexion of distal interphalangeal & metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers and the wrist joint

30
Q

What is the innervation and function of flexor pollicis longus (anterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

FUNCTION =
Flexion of interphalangeal & metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

31
Q

What is the innervation and function of pronator quadratus (anterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

FUNCTION =
Pronation

32
Q

What is the innervation and function of brachioradialis (posterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = radial nerve (before division into superficial and deep branches)

FUNCTION =
Accessory flexion of elbow joint when forearm is midpronated

33
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor carpi radialis longus (posterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = radial nerve before division into superficial & deep branches

FUNCTION =
Extension of wrist
Abduction of wrist

34
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor carpi radialis brevis (posterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = deep branch of radial nerve (before penetrating supinator muscle)

FUNCTION =
Extension of wrist
Abduction of wrist

35
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor digitorum (posterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = posterior interosseous nerve ()

FUNCTION =
Extension of fingers and wrist

36
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor digiti minimi (posterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = posterior interosseous nerve ()

FUNCTION =
Extension of little finger (5th digit)

37
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor carpi ulnaris (posterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = posterior interosseous nerve ()

FUNCTION =
Extension of wrist
Adduction of wrist

38
Q

What is the innervation and function of anconeus (posterior & superficial)?

A

INNERVATION = radial nerve via branch to medial head of triceps brachii

FUNCTION =
Abduction of ulna in pronation
Accessory extension of elbow joint

39
Q

What is the innervation and function of the supinator (posterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = posterior interosseous nerve ()

FUNCTION =
Supination

40
Q

What is the innervation and function of abductor pollicis longus (posterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = posterior interosseous nerve ()

FUNCTION =
Abduction of carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Accessory extension of thumb

41
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor pollicis brevis (posterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = posterior interosseous nerve ()

FUNCTION =
Extension of metacarpophalangeal & carpometacarpal joints of thumb

42
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor pollicis longus (posterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = posterior interosseous nerve ()

FUNCTION =
Extension of interphalangeal, carpometacarpal, & metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

43
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor indicis (posterior & deep)?

A

INNERVATION = posterior interosseous nerve

FUNCTION =
Extension of index finger

44
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
1 flexor pollicis longus tendon
Median nerve

45
Q

What are the attachments of the flexor retinaculum?

A

RADIAL SIDE:

  • ridge of trapezium
  • tubercle of scaphoid

ULNAR SIDE:

  • pisiform
  • hook of hamate
46
Q

What are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox? What is an important content?

A

LATERAL = abductor pollicis longus tendon + extensor pollicis brevis tendon

MEDIAL = extensor pollicis longus tendon

Contains radial artery

FLOOR = scaphoid, trapezium, extensor carpi radialis longus tendon, & extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon

47
Q

What is the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

EXTRINSIC = originate in forearm; responsible for power grip
(……….)

INTRINSIC = originate in hand; responsible for precision grip

  • palmaris brevis, interossei, adductor pollicis, thenar, hypothenar, lumbricals
  • all innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve apart from three thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals (median nerve)
48
Q

What is the innervation and function of the interossei muscles (between metacarpals)?

A

INNERVATION = deep branch of ulnar nerve

FUNCTION = 
DORSAL: abduction 
PALMAR: adduction  
Flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints
Extension at interphalangeal joints
49
Q

What is the innervation and function of the adductor pollicis?

A

INNERVATION = deep branch of ulnar nerve

FUNCTION =
Adduction of thumb
Opposition of thumb

50
Q

What is the innervation of the thenar muscles?

A

INNERVATION = deep branch of ulnar nerve + recurrent branch of median nerve

Opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis

51
Q

What is the innervation of the hypothenar muscles?

A

INNERVATION = deep branch of ulnar nerve

Opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis

52
Q

What is the innervation & function of the lumbricals?

A

INNERVATION = 1st & 2nd (unipennate) - digital branches of median nerve; 3rd & 4th (bipennate) - deep branch of ulnar nerve

FUNCTION =
Link flexor tendons with extensor tendons
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints
Extension of interphalangeal joints

Musculoskeletal System (6 decks)

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