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Musculoskeletal System > Muscles of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Muscles of Lower Limb Flashcards

0
Q

What is the innervation and function of psoas major (anterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2,L3)

FUNCTION (works conjointly with psoas minor) =
Flexion of thigh at hip joint
Stabilises hip joint

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1
Q

What is the innervation and function of pectineus (anterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = femoral nerve (L2,L3)

FUNCTION =
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of thigh
Assists with medial rotation of thigh

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2
Q

What is the innervation and function of psoas minor (anterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2)

FUNCTION (acts conjointly with psoas major) =
Flexion of thigh at hip joint
Stabilises hip joint

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3
Q

What is the innervation and function of sartorius (anterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = femoral nerve (L2,L3)

FUNCTION = 
Flexion of thigh at hip joint 
Abduction of thigh at hip joint 
Lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint 
Flexion at knee joint
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4
Q

What is the innervation and function of quadriceps femoris (anterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4)

  • rectus femoris (steadies hip joint)
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius

FUNCTION =
Extension of leg at knee joint

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5
Q

What is the innervation and function of adductor longus (medial thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

FUNCTION =
Adduction of thigh

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6
Q

What is the innervation and function of adductor brevis (medial thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)

FUNCTION =
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of thigh

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7
Q

What is the innervation and function of adductor magnus (medial thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4) (adductor part) & sciatic nerve (L4) (hamstring)

FUNCTION =
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of thigh (adductor part)
Extension of thigh (hamstring)

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8
Q

What is the innervation and function of gracilis (medial thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = obturator nerve (L2,L3)

FUNCTION =
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of leg
Accessory medial rotation of leg

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9
Q

What is the innervation and function of obturator externus (medial thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = obturator nerve (L3,L4)

FUNCTION =
Lateral rotation of thigh
Steadies head of femur in acetabulum

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10
Q

What is the adductor hiatus? What structures run through it?

A

ADDUCTOR HIATUS = opening between aponeurotic distal attachment of adductor part of adductor magnus and the tendinous distal attachment of the hamstring part

Femoral artery & vein

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11
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle? What are its contents?

A

SUPERIOR = inguinal ligament

MEDIAL = lateral border of adductor longus

LATERAL = sartorius

APEX = medial border of sartorius where it crosses the lateral border of the adductor longus

FLOOR = lateral: iliopsoas medial: pectineus

ROOF = fascia lata

Contents (lateral to medial) = femoral nerve, artery, & vein (nerve is not in femoral canal)

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12
Q

What is the innervation and function of gluteus maximus (superficial gluteal)?

A

INNERVATION = inferior gluteal nerve ([L5],[S1],S2)

FUNCTION =
Powerful extension of flexed femur at hip joint
Lateral stabiliser of hip and knee joints
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh

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13
Q

What is the innervation and function of gluteus medius (superficial gluteal)?

A

INNERVATION = superior gluteal nerve ([L4],[L5],S1)

FUNCTION =
Abduction of femur at hip joint
Holds pelvis secure over stance leg & prevent pelvic drop on opposite side during walking
Medially rotates thigh

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14
Q

What is the innervation and function of gluteus minimus (superficial gluteal)?

A

INNERVATION = superior gluteal nerve ([L4],[L5],S1)

FUNCTION =
Same as gluteus medius

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15
Q

What is the innervation and function of piriformis (deep gluteal)?

A

INNERVATION = branches from L5,S1,S2

FUNCTION =
Lateral rotation of extended femur at hip joint
Abduction of flexed femur at hip joint

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16
Q

What is the innervation and function of obturator internus (deep gluteal)?

A

INNERVATION = nerve to obturator internus

FUNCTION =
Lateral rotation of extended femur at hip joint
Abducts flexed femur at hip joint

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17
Q

What is the innervation and function of the gemelli (deep gluteal)?

A

INNERVATION = nerve to obturator internus (gemellus superior) and nerve to quadratus femoris (gemullus inferior)

FUNCTION =
Lateral rotation of extended femur at hip joint
Abduction of flexed femur at hip joint

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18
Q

What is the innervation and function of quadratus femoris (deep gluteal)?

A

INNERVATION = nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

FUNCTION =
Lateral rotation of femur at hip joint

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19
Q

What is the innervation and function of tensor fasciae latae (deep gluteal)?

A

INNERVATION = superior gluteal nerve ([L4],[L5],S1)

FUNCTION =
Stabilises the knee in extension

20
Q

What spaces in the pelvis do nerves and arteries run through?

A

Greater sciatic foramen = nerves and vessels supplying the gluteal region and leg

  • superior gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • sciatic nerve
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
  • nerve to quadratus femoris

Lesser sciatic foramen = nerves and vessels supplying the perineum
(region between anus and urethral opening)

(+ pudendal nerve & nerve to obturator internus leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen but enter perineum via lesser sciatic foramen)

21
Q

What is the innervation and function of iliacus (anterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = femoral nerve ([L2],L3)

FUNCTION =
Flexion of thigh at hip joint

22
Q

What is the innervation and function of vastus medialis (anterior thigh) (quadriceps femoris)?

A

INNERVATION = femoral nerve (L2,[L3],[L4])

FUNCTION =
Extension of leg at knee joint

23
Q

What is the innervation and function of vastus intermedius (anterior thigh) (quadriceps femoris)?

A

INNERVATION = femoral nerve (L2,[L3],[L4])

FUNCTION =
Extension of leg at knee joint

24
Q

What is the innervation and function of vastus lateralis (anterior thigh) (quadriceps femoris)?

A

INNERVATION = femoral nerve (L2,[L3],[L4])

FUNCTION =
Extension of leg at knee joint

25
Q

What is the innervation and function of rectus femoris (anterior thigh) (quadriceps femoris)?

A

INNERVATION = femoral nerve (L2,[L3],[L4])

FUNCTION =
Flexion of thigh at hip joint
Extension of leg at knee joint

26
Q

What is the innervation and function of biceps femoris (posterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = long head - tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5,[S1],S2)
short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve

FUNCTION = 
Flexion of leg at knee joint 
Extension of thigh at hip joint 
Lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint 
Lateral rotation of leg at knee joint
27
Q

What is the innervation and function of semitendinosus (posterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5,[S1],S2)

FUNCTION = 
Flexion of leg at knee joint 
Extension of thigh at hip joint 
Medial rotation of thigh at hip joint 
Medial rotation of leg at knee joint
28
Q

What is the innervation and function of semimembranosus (posterior thigh)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5,[S1],S2)

FUNCTION = 
Flexion of leg at knee joint 
Extension of thigh at hip joint 
Medial rotation of thigh at hip joint 
Medial rotation of leg at knee joint
29
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa (diamond-shape)?

A

SUPERIOR =

  • medial: distal ends of semitendinosus & semimembranosus
  • lateral: distal end of biceps femoris

INFERIOR =

  • medial: medial head of gastrocnemius
  • lateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris

ROOF = fascia (continuous with fascia lata of thigh and deep fascia of leg)

FLOOR =

  • capsule of knee joint
  • surfaces of tibia and femur
  • popliteus
30
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superficial -> Deep

  • tibial & common fibular nerves (+ branch of tibial = sural cutaneous nerve)
  • popliteal artery & vein

(roof: saphenous vein and posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh)

31
Q

Where can you palpate the femoral artery?

A

Mid-inguinal point (halfway between ASIS and pubic symphysis)

32
Q

What is the innervation and function of tibialis anterior (anterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = deep fibular nerve (L4,[L5])

FUNCTION =
Dorsiflexion of foot and ankle joint
Inversion of foot
Dynamic support of medial arch of foot

33
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor digitorum longus (anterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = deep fibular nerve ([L5],[S1])

FUNCTION =
Extension of lateral four toes
Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint

34
Q

What is the innervation and function of extensor hallucis longus (anterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = deep fibular nerve ([L5],[S1])

FUNCTION =
Extension of great toe
Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint

35
Q

What is the innervation and function of fibularis tertius (anterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = deep fibular nerve ([L5],[S1])

FUNCTION =
Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint
Eversion of foot

36
Q

What is the innervation and function of fibularis longus (lateral leg)?

A

INNERVATION = superficial fibular nerve ([L5],[S1],S2)

FUNCTION =
Eversion of foot
Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
Supports arches of foot

37
Q

What is the innervation and function of fibularis brevis (lateral leg)?

A

INNERVATION = superficial fibular nerve ([L5],[S1],S2)

FUNCTION =
Eversion of foot

38
Q

What is the innervation and function of plantaris (superficial posterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial nerve ([S1],[S2])

FUNCTION =
Flexion of knee
Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

39
Q

What is the innervation and function of gastrocnemius (superficial posterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial nerve ([S1],[S2])

FUNCTION =
Flexion of knee
Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

40
Q

What is the innervation and function of soleus (superficial posterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial nerve ([S1],[S2])

FUNCTION =
Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

41
Q

What is the innervation and function of popliteus (deep posterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial nerve (L4->S1)

FUNCTION =
Stabilises knee joint by resisting lateral rotation of tibia on femur
Unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia

42
Q

What is the innervation and function of tibialis posterior (deep posterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial nerve (L4,L5)

FUNCTION =
Inversion of foot
Plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
Supports medial arch of foot during walking

43
Q

What is the innervation and function of flexor digitorum longus (deep posterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial nerve ([S2],S3)

FUNCTION =
Flexion of lateral four toes

44
Q

What is the innervation and function of flexor hallucis longus (deep posterior leg)?

A

INNERVATION = tibial nerve ([S2],S3)

FUNCTION =
Flexion of great toe

45
Q

What are the differentials for a swelling in the popliteal fossa?

A
  • aneurysm (popliteal artery or vein)
  • lymphadenopathy
  • Baker’s cysts (herniation of gastrocnemius/semimembranosus OR synovial effusion)
  • tumour
46
Q

What structures are located behind the medial malleolus?

A

Tom, Dick, And Very Naughty Harry

Tendon of tibialis posterior 
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus 
Tibial artery 
Tibial vein 
Tibial nerve 
Flexor hallucis longus
47
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve?

A

Proximal to the knee (sometimes in the pelvis)

Musculoskeletal System (6 decks)

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