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S&F1 > Muscles of Upper Limb/Pectoral Region > Flashcards

Muscles of Upper Limb/Pectoral Region Flashcards

0
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: Clavicular head - medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head: sternum and costal cartilages 1-6
Insertion: Lateral lip of bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)
Action: whole muscle - adducts and medially rotates the arm;
clavicular head - flexes the arm
sternocostal head - assists in respiration when shoulder is fixed
Nerve: medial and lateral pectoral nerves from medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus

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1
Q

Muscles of the pectoral region (4)

A
  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. Pectoralis Minor
  3. Serratus Anterior
  4. Subclavius
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2
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin: 3rd to 5th ribs near cartilages
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: depresses scapula; elevates ribs of origin to assist in respiration when the shoulder is fixed
Nerve: medial pectoral

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3
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: upper 8 ribs
Insertion: medial (vertebral) border of scapula
Action: rotates scapula; draws scapula forward around thoracic wall (protraction); holds scapula against thoracic wall
Nerve: long thoracic (nerve to serratus anterior)

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4
Q

Subclavius

A

Origin: 1st costal cartilage
Insertion: Inferior surface of the clavicle
Action: anchors and depresses clavicle during upper limb movements
Nerve: nerve to subclavius

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5
Q

Muscles of the Shoulder (6)

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Infraspinatus
  4. Teres Minor
  5. Subscapularis
  6. Teres Major
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6
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: clavicular part - lateral 1/3 of clavicle
acromial part - acromion
spinal part - scapular spine
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: clavicular part - flexes, medially rotates arm
acromial part - adducts arm
posterior part - extends, laterally rotates arm
Nerve: Axillary

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7
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: great tubercle of humerus
Action: Initiates abduction of arm; stabilizes shoulder joint
Nerve: suprascapular

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8
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: great tubercle of humerus
Action: laterally rotates arm; stabilizes shoulder joint
Nerve: suprascapular

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9
Q

Teres Minor

A

Origin: upper lateral border of scapula
Insertion: great tubercle of humerus
Action: laterally rotates arm; stabilizes shoulder joint
Nerve: axillary

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10
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medially rotates arm; stabilizes shoulder joint
Nerve: upper and lower subscapular

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11
Q

Teres Major

A

Origin: lower lateral/inferior border of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of the intertubercular groove (bicipital groove) of humerus
Action: medially rotates and adducts arm
Nerve: lower subscapular

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12
Q

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres Minor
  4. Subscapularis
  • their function is to hold the head of the humerus against the glenoid cavity while the limb is being moved
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13
Q

Muscles of the Arm (5)

A
  1. Biceps brachii - short head/long head
  2. Coracobrachialis
  3. Brachialis
  4. Triceps brachii - long head/lateral head/medial head
  5. Anconeus
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14
Q

Biceps Brachii (long and short heads)

A

Origin: short head - coracoid process
long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis over anterior forearm muscles
Action: powerful flexor of forearm at elbow joints; powerful supinator of forearm when flexed; very weak flexor of arm at glenohumeral joint
Nerve: musculocutaneous

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15
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: mid-shaft humerus on medial side
Action: flexion of arm at glenohumeral joint
Nerve: musculocutaneous

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16
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: distal half of the anterior humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity
Action: flexes forearm
Nerve: musculocutaneous

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17
Q

Triceps Brachii (long, lateral, medial heads)

A

Origin: long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
lateral head - posteriolateral surface of humerus, proximal to
radial groove
medial head - posteriomedial surface of humerus, distal to
radial groove
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Action: extends forearm
Nerve: radial

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18
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Action: extends forearm (assists triceps); abducts ulna during pronation; tightens elbow joint
Nerve: radial

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19
Q

Muscles of the superficial anterior forearm (4)

A
  1. Pronator Teres (humeral and ulnar heads)
  2. Flexor carpi radialis
  3. Palmaris Longus (variable)
  4. Flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral and ulnar heads)
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20
Q

Pronator Teres (humeral/ulnar heads)

A

Origin: humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head - coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: lateral radius, midshaft
Action: pronates forearm
Nerve: median

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21
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: base of the 2nd metacarpal (variable on base of 3rd metacarpal)
Action: flexes and abducts (radially deviates) hand at wrist joint
Nerve: median

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22
Q

Palmaris Longus (variable)

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: flexes the wrist
Nerve: median

23
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral/ulnar heads)

A 
Origin: humeral head - medial epicondyle
            ulnar head - olecranon
Insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
Action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist
Nerve: ulnar
24
Muscle of the intermediate (depth) anterior forearm. (1)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (humeroulnar/radial heads)
25
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (humeroulnar/radial heads)
Origin: humeroulnar head - medial epicondyle radial head - upper half of the anterior radius Insertion: sides of the bases of the middle phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th digits by tendon that splits into 2 slips Action: Flexes hand at wrist and digits 2 through 5 at the metacarpophalangeal (MP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints Nerve: Median
26
Muscles of the deep anterior forearm (3)
1. Flexor Pollicis Longus 2. Flexor Digitorum Profundus 3. Pronator Quadratus
27
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin: radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb Action: flexes metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint and interphalangeal (IP) joint of thumb Nerve: median (via anterior interosseous branch)
28
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: distal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th digits; each tendon passes through bifurcation of tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Action: flexes hand at wrist and all phalanges of digits 2-5 (MP, PIP, and DIP joints) Nerve: median (via anterior interosseous branch) of lateral half of muscle; ulnar to medial half of muscle
29
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: distal ulna, anterior surface Insertion: distal radius, anterior surface Action: pronates hand by pronating forearm Nerve: median (via anterior interosseous branch)
30
Muscles of the superficial posterior forearm (6)
1. Brachioradialis 2. Extensor carpi radialis longus 3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 4. Extensor digitorum 5. Extensor digiti minimi 6. Extensor carpi ulnaris (common/ulnar heads)
31
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: distal radius, styloid process Action: semipronation; flexes forearm when forearm in mid-prone position Nerve: radial
32
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal Action: extends and radially deviates (abducts) the wrist; weakly flexes forearm Nerve: radial
33
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal Action: extends and abducts (radially deviates) the hand at wrist joint Nerve: radial
34
Extensor digitorum
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of 2nd - 5th digits via the extensor expansion Action: extends digits 2-5 at MP, PIP, and DIP joints and extends hand at wrist Nerve: radial (via deep branch)
35
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of 5th digit via extensor expansion Action: extends 5th digit and wrist Nerve: Radial (via deep branch)
36
Extensor carpi ulnaris (common/ulnar heads)
Origin: common head - lateral humeral epicondyle ulnar head - ulnar midshaft Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal Action: extends and ulnar deviates (adducts) wrist Nerve: radial (via deep branch)
37
Muscles of the deep posterior forearm (5)
1. Supinator 2. Abductor Pollicis Longus 3. Extensor Pollicis Brevis 4. Extensor Pollicis Longus 5. Extensor Indicis
38
Supinator
Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle, proximal ulna, and annulat ligament of radius Insertion: lateral upper radius Action: supinates forearm and hand Nerve: radial (via deep branch)
39
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin: radius, interosseous membrane and ulna Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal Action: abducts hand at the wrist and the thumb Nerve: radial (via deep branch)
40
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of thumb Action: extends proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve: radial (via deep branch)
41
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin: ulna and interosseous membran Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb Action: extends distal phalanx of thumb Nerve: radial (via deep branch)
42
Extensor Indicis
Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of 2nd digit via extensor expansion Action: extends 2nd digit Nerve: radial (via deep branch)
43
Muscles of the Hand (Thenar Eminence) (4)
1. Abductor Pollicis Brevis 2. Flexor Pollicis Brevis (superficial/deep heads) 3. Opponens Pollicis 4. Adductor Pollicis (oblique/transverse heads)
44
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: flexor retinaculum; tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium Insertion: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of thumb Action: abducts thumb Nerve: median (via recurrent branch)
45
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (superficial/deep heads)
Origin: Superficial head - flexor retinaculum deep head - capitate and trapezium Insertion: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of thumb Action: flexes thumb Nerve: median (via recurrent branch)
46
Opponens Pollicis
Origin: tubercle of trapezium Insertion: lateral side of the 1st metacarpal Action: medially rotates metacarpal 1 to oppose thumb (opposition) Nerve: median (via recurrent branch)
47
Adductor Pollicis (oblique/transverse heads)
Origin: oblique head - capitate and bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals transverse head - midshaft of 3rd metacarpal Insertion: medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of thumb Action: adducts thumb Nerve: ulnar (via deep branch)
48
Muscles of the hand (hypothenar eminance) (4)
1. Palmaris Brevis (superficial muscle) 2. Abductor Digiti Minimi 3. Flexor Digiti Minimi 4. Opponens Digiti Minimi
49
Palmaris Brevis (superficial muscle)
Origin: palmar aponeurosis Insertion: skin of the hypothenar eminence Action: tightens skin over hypothenar eminence Nerve: ulnar (via superficial branch)
50
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Origin: pisiform bone Insertion: medial side of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit Action: abducts 5th digit Nerve: ulnar (via deep branch)
51
Flexor Digiti Minimi
Origin: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion: medial side of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit Action: flexes 5th digit Nerve: ulnar (via deep branch)
52
Opponens digiti minimi
Origin: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion: medial side of 5th metacarpal Action: laterally rotates metacarpal 5 to oppose 5th digit (opposition) Nerve: ulnar (via deep branch)
53
Dorsal Interossei (4)
Origin: 2 head -adjacent sides of metacarpals 1 & 2, 2 & 3, 3 & 4, 4 & 5 Insertion: Proximal phalanx of 2nd (lateral side), 3rd (two tendons on medial and lateral sides), & 4th (on medial side) digits and dorsal digits expansion of same digits Action: Abduct 2nd, 3rd, 4th digits (DAB); flex the metacarpophalangeal (MP) and extend interphalangeal joints (PIP and DIP) of same digits Nerve: Ulnar (via deep branch)
54
Palmar Interossei (3)
Origin: Palmar surface of metacarpals 2 (medial side), 4 (lateral side), and 5 (lateral side). Insertion: Proximal phalanx of digits 2 (medial side), 4 (lateral side), & 5 (lateral side), & dorsal digital expansion of same digits. Action: Adduct digits 2,4,5 (PAD); flex the metacarpophalangeal (MP) and extend interphalangeal joints (PIP and DIP) of same digits. Nerve: Ulnar (via deep branch)
55
Lumbricals (4)
``` Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Insertion: lateral side of dorsal digital expansions of the tendons of extensor digitorum Action: flex the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints; extend interphalangeal (PIP and DIP) joints Nerve: 2 lateral (1 and 2): median 2 medial (3 and 4): ulnar (via deep branch) ```

S&F1 (7 decks)

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