muscles of tongue

Question 1

THE INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE:

Answer 1

• It originate and terminate within the tongue.
• No bony attachment.
• Origin: median septum & submucosa.
• Insertion: mucous membrane.
• It Consist of: Superior longitudinal, Inferior longitudinal, Transverse and Vertical.
• Function: Alter the shape of the tongue.

Question 2

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE:

Answer 2

originates outside the tongue and enters the tongue and to get inserted to it.
Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Styloglossus and Palatoglossus.

Question 3

GENIOGLOSSUS:

Answer 3

Origin: The upper genial tubercle of the mandible.
* Insertion: muscle pass backwards in a fan shaped manner,
* Upper fibers are inserted to the tip of the tongue and retracted the tip of tongue.
* Middle fibers enter the tongue from the base to the apex inserted there.
* Lower fibers are inserted to the hyoid bone pull posterior part of tongue forward and protrude out.

Question 4

• GENIOGLOSSUS:

Answer 4

Actions: Depress the tongue; Posterior fibres protrude the tongue.
* The attachment of the genioglossus to the mandible prevents the tongue from falling backward, thereby prevents laryngeal obstruction.
* Anesthetists keep the tongue forward by pulling the mandible forward, It is called as safety muscle of the tongue

Question 5

HYOGLOSSUS:

Answer 5

Origin: From the whole length of the greater cornu and lateral part of front of the body of hyoid bone.
* Insertion: Fibers pass upwards & inserted to the side of the tongue between the styloglossus & inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue.
* Action: depresses & retracts the tongue (makes dorsum convex); elevates the hyoid bone.

Question 6

STYLOGLOSSUS

Answer 6

• Arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from stylomandibular ligament.
• Insertion: Some fibers pass to the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with fibers of inferior longitudinal in front of the Hyoglossus, other fibers overlap the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers.
• Action: pulls the tongue backwards upwards draws its edges up to create a trough for swallowing.

Question 7

PALATOGLOSSUS:

Answer 7

• Arises from the undersurface of palatine aponeurosis (soft palate), where it is continuous with the muscle of opposite side.
• Insertion: passing downward, forward, laterally in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deep to it.
• Action Pulls root of tongue upward backward, retraction elevation so narrows oropharyngeal isthmus and prevents regurgitation of food.

Question 8

• THE MOVEMENTS OF TONGUE:

Answer 8

Protrusion:
* Genioglossus on both sides acting together.
*Retraction:
* Styloglossus and hyoglossus on both sides acting together.
Depression:
* Hyoglossus and genioglossus on both sides acting together.
Elevation:
* Styloglossus and palatoglossus on both sides acting together.