larynx 2 Flashcards
Name the intrinsic muscles of larynx
✓Cricothyroid*
✓Posterior cricoarytenoid*
✓Lateral cricoarytenoid
✓Transverse arytenoid
✓Oblique artenoid
✓ Thyroarytenoid*
✓ vocalis
✓Thyroepiglotticus *
✓Aryepiglotticus
- all supplied by Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve except Cricothyroid-External branch of superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve
CricothyroidEXAM
O:Anterolateral aspect of arch of cricoid cartilage
I:Oblique part, straight part-inferior margin of thyroid cartilage
N:External branch of superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve
A:Forward and downward rotation of the thyroid cartilage at the cricothyroid joint
Posterior cricoarytenoid- EXAM*
O:Oval depression on posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage
I:Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
N:Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve
A: External rotation and abduction of the arytenoid cartilage
Lateral cricoarytenoid
O:Superior surface of arch of cricoid cartilage
I:Anterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
A:Adduction and internal rotation of the arytenoid cartilage
Transverse arytenoid
O:Lateral border of posterior surface of arytenoid cartilage
I:Lateral border of posterior surface of opposite arytenoid cartilage
A:Adduction of arytenoid cartilages
Oblique arytenoid
O:Posterior surface of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
I: Posterior surface of apex of adjacent arytenoid cartilage; extends into aryepiglottic fold
A:Sphincter of the laryngeal inlet
Thyro-arytenoid
O:Thyroid angle and adjacent cricothyroid ligament
I:Anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage; some fibers continue in aryepiglottic folds to the lateral margin of the epiglottis
A:Sphincter of vestibule and of laryngeal inlet
Vocalis
O:Lateral surface of vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
I: Vocal ligament and thyroid angle
A: Adjusts tension in vocal folds
EXTRINSIC MUSCLE + action
ELEVATORS:
* Mylohyoid
* Thyrohyoid
* Stylohyoid
* Digastric
DEPRESSORS:
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
PHARYNGEAL MUSCLE:
Inferior constrictor
BLOOD SUP
N
VAGUS NERVE BRACHES
N
Direct laryngoscopy
A Flexible fibre optic endoscope equipped with light source introduced through nose and mouth to examine the larynx.
Indirect laryngoscope:
visualized by using a laryngeal mirror .
The anterior part of the tongue is pulled out. Because posterior part of the tongue covers the laryngeal inlet
visualized by using a laryngeal mirror .
The anterior part of the tongue is pulled out. Because posterior part of the tongue covers the laryngeal inlet
- At the anterior 1/3 and the posterior 2/3 of the vocal folds.
- Subjected to the maximum friction who use the vocal cords more.
- Forms the inflammatory nodules.
Heimlich mannoeuvre
➢Foreign bodies if lodged in the larynx causes laryngeal obstruction and chocking.
➢Compression of the abdomen, which expels air from the lung upto the trachea and dis-lodges the foreign bodies.
Laryngotomy
An emergency procedure done when tracheostomy fails.
The slit is made in the median cricothyroid ligament.
Advantage: Aspirated bodies can be removed through this opening.
Disadvantage: Cannot be kept as an alternative for tracheostomy for more than
48 hours as there will be subglottic stenosis.
laryngectomy
the complete or partial surgical removal of the larynx.
-near thyroid, need to be careful, injury- paralysis
The recurrent laryngeal nerve of both side when involved, Rima glottis is abducted and fixed in paramedian position
epithelium
Larynx is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium except Aryepiglottic, vocal fold, Part of posterior surface of epiglottis Which is lined by Stratified Squamous epithelium.
