MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR HIP

Question 1

􀁸 a muscle which lies along the lateral border of the femur, between two layers of the lateral aspect of the
fascia lata (iliotibial tract)
􀁸 the muscle forms a superficial elevation below and lateral to the iliac crest

Answer 1

Tensor Fascia Lata

Question 2

Tensor Fascia Lata origin:

Answer 2

crest of the ilium

Question 3

Tensor Fascia Lata insertion:

Answer 3

iliotibial tract

Question 4

Tensor Fascia Lata actions:

Answer 4

Flexes, ABducts and medially rotates the femur

Helps to stabilize the knee joint

Question 5

Tensor Fascia Lata nerve supply:

Answer 5

superior gluteal (L4, L5, S1)

Question 6

􀁸 this is the largest and most superficial muscles of the posterior hip region
14
􀁸 this muscle is noticeable in humans for its great bulk, which together with a variable amount of adipose
tissue forms the buttocks
􀁸 this muscle is the largest muscle by weight in the human body and is associated with the assumption of
the erect posture and bipedal locomotion

Answer 6

Gluteus Maximus

Question 7

there are a number of bursae that separate the muscle from bone and they are collectively known as the…..**

Answer 7

gluteal bursae

Question 8

separates the superior part of the gluteus maximus from the greater trochanter**

Answer 8

trochanteric bursae

Question 9

separates the inferior part of the gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity**

Answer 9

ischial bursae

Question 10

Gluteus Maximus origin:

Answer 10

posterior gluteal line/ilium

sacrum and coccyx

posterior ligaments of the sacroiliac joint

Question 11

Gluteus Maximus insertion:

Answer 11

gluteal tuberosity/femur

iliotibial tract

Question 12

Gluteus Maximus actions:

Answer 12

Extends and laterally rotates the femur



Helps to stabilize the pevic bone



Stabilizes the knee joint

Question 13

Gluteus Maximus nerve supply:**

Answer 13

inferior gluteal (L5, S1, S2)

Question 14

patients to have difficulty getting from a sitting to standing position
(patients may have to actively push themselves to the standing position), straightening from a bending
position, walking uphill or up stairs
􀁸 atrophy of the muscle does not seriously affect walking on level ground or when standing still

Answer 14

Weakness of the Gluteus Maximus

Question 15

a muscle which is partly deep to the gluteus maximus, but its superior portion remains superficial

Answer 15

Gluteus Medius

Question 16

Gluteus Medius origin:

Answer 16

external surface/ilium

Question 17

Gluteus Medius insertion:

Answer 17

greater trochanter/femur

Question 18

Gluteus Medius actions:

Answer 18

aBducts the femur

Question 19

Gluteus Medius nerve supply:**

Answer 19

superior gluteal (L4,L5,S1)

Question 20

the smallest of the gluteal muscles and deep to the gluteus medius

Answer 20

Gluteus Minimus

Question 21

Gluteus Minimus origin:

Answer 21

external surface/ilium

Question 22

Gluteus Minimus insertion:

Answer 22

greater trochanter/femur

Question 23

Gluteus Minimus actions:

Answer 23

Abducts your femur
Medially rotates the femur

Helps to keep the pelvic bone steady when the foot on the opposite side is raised off the ground. i.e. right gluteus medius and minimus stabilize pelvic bone when left foot is raised off the ground

Question 24

Gluteus Minimus nerve supply:**

Answer 24

superior gluteal (L4,L5,S1)

Question 25

this is the simple test which is used if one suspects atrophy and weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles.**

Answer 25

Trendelenburg Test

Question 26

if the pelvis and gluteal fold will drop on the side that the foot is raised off the ground and this would be a.....

Answer 26

positive Trendelenburg Test when the muscles are weak, the pelvis will drop on the unaffected side when the foot is raised off of the ground

Question 27

􀁸 a type of abnormal locomotion due to atrophy and weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus 􀁸 with this type of locomotion, there is displacement of the body (falling of the pelvis) on the unaffected side

Answer 27

Gluteal Gait/Trendelenburg Gait

Question 28

this results in the vertebral column deviating toward the side where the pelvis is low, giving rise to what is known as a........

Answer 28

“C” curve of the column weakness of the right gluteus medius and minimus will give rise to a left “C” curve of the vertebral column with the opening of the “C” toward the side where the muscle is weak

Question 29

􀁸 name is for the Latin word for pear shaped 􀁸 a muscle which originates within the pelvic cavity and emerges through the greater sciatic notch 􀁸 it is deep to the gluteus maximus and parallel to the gluteus medius

Answer 29

Piriformis

Question 30

Piriformis action:

Answer 30

lateral/outward rotation of the femur

Question 31

Piriformis origin:

Answer 31

anterior surface of the sacrum (within the pelvic cavity)

Question 32

Piriformis insertion:

Answer 32

greater trochanter/femur

Question 33

Piriformis nerve supply:

Answer 33

S1 and S2

Question 34

􀁸 a common cause of pain in the gluteal region due to compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle (sciatica)**

Answer 34

Piriformis Muscle Syndrome 􀁸 this may cause deep pain in the buttock region, which may refer along the course of the sciatic nerve (posterior thigh and leg) 􀁸 common in sports which require extensive lateral rotation of the femur 􀁸 condition is diagnosed primarily on the basis of symptoms, since there are no tests that accurately confirm the diagnosis 􀁸 stretching and correcting biomechanical abnormalities of the lower extremity and vertebral column may help the condition

Question 35

􀁸 a small muscle which is situated between the piriformis and the obturator internus muscles and deep to the gluteus maximus 􀁸 its tendon of insertion fuses with that of the obturator internus and inferior gemellus muscles

Answer 35

Superior Gemellus

Question 36

Superior Gemellus origin:

Answer 36

spine/ischium

Question 37

Superior Gemellus insertion:

Answer 37

greater trochanter/femur

Question 38

Superior Gemellus nerve supply:

Answer 38

L4,L5,S1,S2

Question 39

Superior Gemellus action:

Answer 39

lateral/outward rotation of the femur

Question 40

􀁸 a small muscle which takes its origin within the pelvic cavity and whose tendon emerges through the lesser sciatic notch 􀁸 it is situated between the two gemellus muscles 􀁸 it derives its name from its origin on the internal aspect of the membrane which covers the obturator foramen

Answer 40

Obturator Internus

Question 41

Obturator Internus origin:

Answer 41

internal surface of the obturator membrane

Question 42

Obturator Internus insertion:

Answer 42

greater trochanter/femur

Question 43

Obturator Internus nerve supply:

Answer 43

L4,L5,S1,S2

Question 44

Obturator Internus action:

Answer 44

lateral/outward rotation of the femur

Question 45

a muscle situated between the obturator internus and the quadratus femoris

Answer 45

Inferior Gemellus

Question 46

Inferior Gemellus origin:

Answer 46

tuberosity/ischium

Question 47

Inferior Gemellus insertion:

Answer 47

greater trochanter/femur

Question 48

Inferior Gemellus nerve supply:

Answer 48

L4,L5,S1,S2

Question 49

Inferior Gemellus action:

Answer 49

lateral/outward rotation of the femur

Question 50

􀁸 this muscle derives its names from its origin on the external surface of the obturator foramen 􀁸 the muscle is found deep to the gemellus inferior and quadratus femoris

Answer 50

Obturator Externus

Question 51

Obturator Externus origin:

Answer 51

external surface of the obturator membrane

Question 52

Obturator Externus insertion:

Answer 52

trochanteric fossa/femur

Question 53

Obturator Externus nerve supply:

Answer 53

obturator (L2,L3,L4)

Question 54

Obturator Externus actions:

Answer 54

lateral/outward rotation of the femur

Question 55

a quadrant shaped muscle which is found inferior to the inferior gemellus

Answer 55

Quadratus Femoris

Question 56

Quadratus Femoris origin:

Answer 56

tuberosity/ischium

Question 57

Quadratus Femoris insertion:

Answer 57

quadrate tubercle/femur

Question 58

Quadratus Femoris nerve supply:

Answer 58

L4,L5, S1,S2

Question 59

Quadratus Femoris actions:

Answer 59

lateral/outward rotation of the femur

Question 60

Important in the control of the body’s balance and posture. | This position helps to achieve better balance and posture

Answer 60

Importance of Lateral Rotation of the Femur