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Block 4 Anatomy > Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Arm (and Axilla) > Flashcards

Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Arm (and Axilla) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the medial, lateral, posterior, anterior borders of the axillary fossa.

A

anterior: pectorals major and minor
lateral: humerus
medial: ribs and serratus anterior
posterior: scapula and latissimus dorsi, subscapulares, trees major

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2
Q

Name the two joints that make up the shoulder girdle.

A

sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular

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3
Q

What are the movements of the sternoclavicular joint on its given 3 axes of movement?

A

AP- elevation and depression
vertical axis: protraction and reiteration
oblique axis: medial and lateral rotation

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4
Q

What are the movements/ axes of the radioulnar joint?

A

pronation and supinations around the vertical axis

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5
Q

What are the movements/axes of the acromioclavicular joint? How is it stabilized?

A

the acromioclavicular joint moves only slightly to allow smooth movement of the pectoral girdle as a whole, it is stabilized with the coracoclvicular ligament

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6
Q

Where does the coracoacromial ligament run/ what is its purpose?

A

runs between the acromion process and the coracoid process of the scapula, helps to create the glenohumeral joint socket

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7
Q

What joint is injured during a shoulder separation injury?

A

the acromioclavicular or supporting ligaments are damaged

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8
Q

The tendon of which muscle projects directly into the glenohumeral joint?

A

the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

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9
Q

Where is the weakest point of the glenoid cavity?

A

inferior and slightly anteriorly (there are no rotator cuff muscle attachment places at this location

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10
Q

Name the two collateral ligaments of the elbow joint and what are their purpose(s).

A

the ulnar (medial) collateral (limits abduction) and radial (lateral) collateral (limits adduction)

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11
Q

Which ligament stabilizes the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

the annular ligament

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12
Q

Name the 3 radioulnar joints.

A

proximal radioulnar joint, middle radioulnar joint (interosseous membrane) and distal radioulnar joint

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13
Q

Name the anterior and posterior muscles of the sternoclavicular joint (all attach to the scapula)

A

pectorals minor and serratus anterior (anterior) and levitator scapulae, rhomboids and trapezius (posterior)

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14
Q

What are the actions of the pectorals minor?

A

depresses the shoulder girdle, protracts shoulder girdle and medially rotates the scapula (innervated by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves or the lateral and medial cords

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15
Q

Where does the serattus anterior attach to the scapula?What is its action(s)?

A

medially and follows the rib cage anteriorly and inferiorly: protracts, depresses and lateral and laterally rotates

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16
Q

How is the serattus innervated? Where is this nerve located?

A

innervated by the long thoracic n. which lays on top of the serratus muscle, fairly superficially near to the axilla (if damaged leads to winging of the scapula)

17
Q

What are the actions of the levator scapulae and rhomboids?

A

levitator scapulae: elevation

rhomboids: elevation, retraction and medial rotation

18
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius?

A

superior: elevation and lateral rotation
middle: retraction
inferior: depression and lateral rotation

19
Q

What are the axes and movements of the glenohumeral joint?

A

transverse: flexion/extension
AP:abduction and adduction
vertical: medial and lateral rotation

20
Q

Which are the muscles that anteriorly flex the glenohumoral joint?

A

pectorals major, coracobrachalis, biceps brachia and deltoid

21
Q

What is the action of the pectorals major?

A

flexion, adduction and medial rotation (Hugging muscle)

22
Q

What is the function of the fibrous capsule of the glenohumeral joint?

A

is loose and weak to permit free movement of the joint

23
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

ring of fibrocartilage that surrounds the glenoid fossa and slightly depens and widens it

24
Q

What is the function of the subacromial dursa?

A

lays between the rotator cuff and the acromion process, reducing the friction between muscles and the adjacent bone or muscle

25
Q

Where do the tendons of the rotator cuff attach and what is their importance?

A

tendons of the rotator cuff attach to the greater and lesser tubercles and they provide most of the stability of the glenohumeral joint

26
Q

When the arm is in this particular position, it is at the highest risk for dislocation.

A

adducted and laterally rotated arm puts pressure on the inferior portion of the capsule which is not reinforced by the rotator cuff, to the capsule tears easily here

27
Q

What is innervated by the musculocutaneous n.?

A

motor to the muscles of the arm and cutaneous to the lateral forearm

28
Q

Name the 4 muscles of the posterior group of glenohumoral joint. (extend the humerus)

A

latssimus dorsi, teres major, triceps brachia and deltoid as well as the muscles of the rotator cuff.

29
Q

Name the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff. (SITS)

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, trees minor, subscapularis

30
Q

What are the actions of the latissumus dorsi and the teres major? (hand cuff muscles)

A

extension, adduction and medial rotation (handcuff muscles)

31
Q

Name the single motion of each of the rotator cuff muscles.

A

supraspinatus: abduction
infraspinatus: lateral rotation (lateral)
teres minor: lateral rotation (lateral)
subscapularis: medial rotation (more medial)

32
Q

What is scapulohumoral rhythm?

A

the approximate ratio of 2 deg. at the glenohumeral joint for each 1 deg of movement at the sternoclavicular (120 deg at the glenohumeral joint and 60 deg at the sternoclavicular joint)

33
Q

What are the actions of the deltoid m.?

A

anterior portion: flexion, adduction and medial rotation
lateral portion: abduction
posterior portion: extension, adduction and lateral rotation

34
Q

What are the branches of the 1st portion of the axillary artery?

A

the superior thoracic

35
Q

What are the branches of the 2nd portion of the axillary artery?

A

the thoracoacromial trunk (acromial, pectoral, clavicular and deltoid a.)
lateral throracic

36
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd portion of the axillary artery?

A

sub scapular (circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal)
anterior humeral circumflex
posterior humeral circumflex

37
Q

What are the branches that the brachial artery gives off?

A

deep brachial, radial and ulnar arteries

38
Q

Name 3 pairs of nerves that move with arteries.

A

supra scapular artery and nerve (scapular notch)
posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve
deep brachial artery and radial nerve (shaft of humerus)
long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic artery
median nerve and brachial artery
lower sub scapular nerve and circumflex scapular artery
axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
radial nerve and deep brachial artery

Block 4 Anatomy (4 decks)

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