Forearm and Hand Flashcards
Name the nerves of the anterior division.
median, ulnar and musculocutaneous nerves
What are the names of the posterior division?
axillary (deltoid and trees minor) and radial nerves
What are the axes and actions at the elbow and radioulnar joints.
elbow: transverse axis (flexion and extension)
radioulnar: vertical axis (pronation and supination)
Describe the motion of distal, intermediate and proximal phalangial joints.
all uniaxial (flex and extend)
What is the motion of the metacarpal-phalangial joints (2-5) as well as the carpal metacarpal joints?
(action at the knuckle) flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction
Describe the motion of the carpal-metacarpal joints 2-4.
No no movement
Which carpal metacarpal joints actually move?
CMC 1 (thumb) is multi axial and CMC5 is bi axial
All posterior forearm muscles are innervated by the ______ nerve. There are no ______ hand muscles.
radial, posterior
What are the 4 “rule of 3” for the radial nerve targets?
3 muscles that move the elbow (triceps, anconeus and brachioradialis)
3 muscles that move the wrist (ECRL, ECRB and ECU)
3 muscles that move the fingers (ED, EI, EDM)
3 muscles that move the thumb (EPL, EPB, APL)
Name the superficial extensors (five muscles that originate from/ near the lateral epicondyle).
extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris
The extensor tendons are bound down by the ____ ____, ____ ____ reduce the friction as tendons move.
extensor retinaculum, synovial sheaths.
The extensor tendons flare out over the MP joints to form the _____ _______
extensor hoods
The extensor digitorum extends over which joints, contributing to their movement
over the MP, PIP and DIP joints
Name the 5 deep extensor muscles.
supinator extensor indicis abductor pollicis longs extensor pollicis brevis extensor poliicis longus
Describe the motions of the thumb around the AP axis, the transverse axis and the vertical axis.
AP: flexion and extension (instead of ab/adduction)
transverse: abduction and adduction (instead of flexion and extension)
Vertical axis: medial and lateral rotation (same)
Name the muscles who’s tendons surround the “anatomical snuff box”.
starting dorsally: extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus (the radial artery also crosses the snuffbox)
The anterior muscles are innervated by the ___ or ____ nerve.
median or ulnar nerve
Name the 5 muscles of the superficial anterior forearm. (originate together from the medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon)
pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor digitorum superficialis (or intermediate) flexor carpi ulnaris
Name the 3 muscles of the deep anterior forearm.
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longs
pronator quadratus
Contrast the attachment of the flexor ditigtorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus.
superficialis attaches to the middle phalanxes while the profundus attaches to the distal phalanges, and therefore can move the DIP (additionally)
Name the 3 supinators and the 3 pronators.
pronators: pronator teres, pronator quadrates and brachioradialis
supinators: supinator, biceps brachia and brachioradialis
Name the 9 tendons that travel through the flexor retinaculum.
FDS (4)
FDP (4)
FPL (1)
and the median nerve
What are the two chief complaints of someone with carpal tunnel syndrome?
characteristic pattern: thumb and 3.5 fingers (innervated by median nerve) which present with numbness and pain
secondarily atrophy of the thenar muscles
Name the 3 thenar muscles (OAF) along with one additional muscle of the palm that moves the hand.
opponents pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
adductor pollicis
Name the 3 hypothenar muscles (OAF)
opponens digit minimi
abductor digiti minima
flexor digiti minima (brevis)
Where do the lumbrical muscles originate and insert?
How are they innervated?
they originate from the flexor digitorum profundus
they insert on the extensor hood
they are innervated by the median and ulnar nerves
Where do the interosseous muscles originate and insert?
How are they innervated?
originate from the metacarpals
insert on the extensor hoods
are innervated by the ulnar nerve
What is the action of interosseous muscles?
abduct and adduct the MP joints relative to digit 3
What are the common actions shared by the lumbrical and interosseous muscles?
flex the MP joint and extend the IP joints
Name the three branches of the brachial artery.
radial and ulnar (common interosseous (anterior and posterior interosseous))
Which artery supplies the superficial palmar arch and which supplies the deep palmar arch?
ulnar artery former the superficial palmar arch and the radial artery continues on as the deep palmar arch
What does the median nerve innervate?
the anterior forearm (except the flexor carpi ulnaris and half the flexor digitorum produfundus and the anterior hand (thenar compartment and half the lumbricals)
What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
motor innervation to the anterior forearm (specifically the flexor carpi ulnaris and half of the flexor digitorum profundus) and all the muscles of the anterior hand except the thenar compartment and half the lumbricals and cutaneous intervention of 11/2 digits
What does the radial nerve innervate?
motor innervation of the posterior arms and forearm, posterior 3.5 digits
Contrast the ulnar and radial palsy’s.
ulnar, caused by hitting the elbow, causes tingling in pinky finger, or claw hand
radial nerve palsy: caused by pressure on the auxilla pressing the radial nerve against the humerus wrist drop
