Forearm and Hand

Question 1

Name the nerves of the anterior division.

Answer 1

median, ulnar and musculocutaneous nerves

Question 2

What are the names of the posterior division?

Answer 2

axillary (deltoid and trees minor) and radial nerves

Question 3

What are the axes and actions at the elbow and radioulnar joints.

Answer 3

elbow: transverse axis (flexion and extension)
radioulnar: vertical axis (pronation and supination)

Question 4

Describe the motion of distal, intermediate and proximal phalangial joints.

Answer 4

all uniaxial (flex and extend)

Question 5

What is the motion of the metacarpal-phalangial joints (2-5) as well as the carpal metacarpal joints?

Answer 5

(action at the knuckle) flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction

Question 6

Describe the motion of the carpal-metacarpal joints 2-4.

Answer 6

No no movement

Question 7

Which carpal metacarpal joints actually move?

Answer 7

CMC 1 (thumb) is multi axial and CMC5 is bi axial

Question 8

All posterior forearm muscles are innervated by the ______ nerve. There are no ______ hand muscles.

Answer 8

radial, posterior

Question 9

What are the 4 “rule of 3” for the radial nerve targets?

Answer 9

3 muscles that move the elbow (triceps, anconeus and brachioradialis)
3 muscles that move the wrist (ECRL, ECRB and ECU)
3 muscles that move the fingers (ED, EI, EDM)
3 muscles that move the thumb (EPL, EPB, APL)

Question 10

Name the superficial extensors (five muscles that originate from/ near the lateral epicondyle).

Answer 10

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 11

The extensor tendons are bound down by the ____ ____, ____ ____ reduce the friction as tendons move.

Answer 11

extensor retinaculum, synovial sheaths.

Question 12

The extensor tendons flare out over the MP joints to form the _____ _______

Answer 12

extensor hoods

Question 13

The extensor digitorum extends over which joints, contributing to their movement

Answer 13

over the MP, PIP and DIP joints

Question 14

Name the 5 deep extensor muscles.

Answer 14

supinator
extensor indicis
abductor pollicis longs
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor poliicis longus

Question 15

Describe the motions of the thumb around the AP axis, the transverse axis and the vertical axis.

Answer 15

AP: flexion and extension (instead of ab/adduction)
transverse: abduction and adduction (instead of flexion and extension)
Vertical axis: medial and lateral rotation (same)

Question 16

Name the muscles who’s tendons surround the “anatomical snuff box”.

Answer 16

starting dorsally: extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus (the radial artery also crosses the snuffbox)

Question 17

The anterior muscles are innervated by the ___ or ____ nerve.

Answer 17

median or ulnar nerve

Question 18

Name the 5 muscles of the superficial anterior forearm. (originate together from the medial epicondyle via the common flexor tendon)

Answer 18

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis (or intermediate)
flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 19

Name the 3 muscles of the deep anterior forearm.

Answer 19

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longs
pronator quadratus

Question 20

Contrast the attachment of the flexor ditigtorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus.

Answer 20

superficialis attaches to the middle phalanxes while the profundus attaches to the distal phalanges, and therefore can move the DIP (additionally)

Question 21

Name the 3 supinators and the 3 pronators.

Answer 21

pronators: pronator teres, pronator quadrates and brachioradialis
supinators: supinator, biceps brachia and brachioradialis

Question 22

Name the 9 tendons that travel through the flexor retinaculum.

Answer 22

FDS (4)
FDP (4)
FPL (1)
and the median nerve

Question 23

What are the two chief complaints of someone with carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 23

characteristic pattern: thumb and 3.5 fingers (innervated by median nerve) which present with numbness and pain

secondarily atrophy of the thenar muscles

Question 24

Name the 3 thenar muscles (OAF) along with one additional muscle of the palm that moves the hand.

Answer 24

opponents pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis

adductor pollicis

Question 25

Name the 3 hypothenar muscles (OAF)

Answer 25

opponens digit minimi
abductor digiti minima
flexor digiti minima (brevis)

Question 26

Where do the lumbrical muscles originate and insert?

How are they innervated?

Answer 26

they originate from the flexor digitorum profundus
they insert on the extensor hood
they are innervated by the median and ulnar nerves

Question 27

Where do the interosseous muscles originate and insert?

How are they innervated?

Answer 27

originate from the metacarpals
insert on the extensor hoods
are innervated by the ulnar nerve

Question 28

What is the action of interosseous muscles?

Answer 28

abduct and adduct the MP joints relative to digit 3

Question 29

What are the common actions shared by the lumbrical and interosseous muscles?

Answer 29

flex the MP joint and extend the IP joints

Question 30

Name the three branches of the brachial artery.

Answer 30

radial and ulnar (common interosseous (anterior and posterior interosseous))

Question 31

Which artery supplies the superficial palmar arch and which supplies the deep palmar arch?

Answer 31

ulnar artery former the superficial palmar arch and the radial artery continues on as the deep palmar arch

Question 32

What does the median nerve innervate?

Answer 32

the anterior forearm (except the flexor carpi ulnaris and half the flexor digitorum produfundus and the anterior hand (thenar compartment and half the lumbricals)

Question 33

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

Answer 33

motor innervation to the anterior forearm (specifically the flexor carpi ulnaris and half of the flexor digitorum profundus) and all the muscles of the anterior hand except the thenar compartment and half the lumbricals and cutaneous intervention of 11/2 digits

Question 34

What does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 34

motor innervation of the posterior arms and forearm, posterior 3.5 digits

Question 35

Contrast the ulnar and radial palsy’s.

Answer 35

ulnar, caused by hitting the elbow, causes tingling in pinky finger, or claw hand
radial nerve palsy: caused by pressure on the auxilla pressing the radial nerve against the humerus wrist drop