Muscles of The Neck and Back

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 1

Origin: Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of Temporal bone and superior nuchal line of Occipital bone
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates the head

Question 2

Mylohyoid

Answer 2

Location: Inferior to mandible, superior to hyoid bone
Action: Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth

Question 3

Sternohyoid

Answer 3

Location: Most medial muscle of neck
Action: Depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed

Question 4

Sternothyroid

Answer 4

Location: Lateral and deep to Sternohyoid
Action: Depresses larynx and hyoid bone

Question 5

Stylohyoid

Answer 5

Location: Below angle of jaw
Action: elevates and retracts hyoid

Question 6

Digrastic (posterior and anterior bellies)

Answer 6

Location: neck, below mandible
Action: Open mouth and depress mandible

Question 7

Geniohyoid

Answer 7

Location: Chin –> Hyoid
Action: elevates and protects hyoid

Question 8

Omohyoid

Answer 8

Location: From scapula to hyoid, lateral to sternohyoid
Action: Depresses and retracts hyoid bone

Question 9

Thyrohyoid

Answer 9

Location: Superior to sternothyroid, appears as a continuation of it
Action: Depresses hyoid bone or elevates larynx if hyoid is fixed

Question 10

Trapezius

Answer 10

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae and spines of c7 and all the thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: A continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle
Action: shrugging shoulders

Question 11

Scalenes

Answer 11

Location: lateral on neck, deep to Platysma and Sternocleidomastoid
Action: Elevate first 2 ribs, flex and rotate neck

Question 12

Genioglossus

Answer 12

Location: Deep in chin, inferior to tongue
Action: Sticking out tongue

Question 13

Erector Spinae

Answer 13

Made up of 3 muscles, prime mover of back extension

• Lliocostalis
• Longissimus
• Spinalis

Question 14

Lliocostalis

Answer 14

PART OF ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLE GROUP 
3 sections:
- cervicis (most superior)
- thoracis (intermediate)
- lumborum (most inferior) 
Location: most lateral, extend from pelvis to neck
Action: maintain erect posture

Question 15

Longissimus

Answer 15

PART OF ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLE GROUP 
3 sections:
- capitis (most superior)
- cervicis (intermediate)
- thoracis (most inferior) 

Location: intermediate muscle of erector spinae
Action: Flex head and neck to same side

Question 16

Spinalis

Answer 16

PART OF ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLE GROUP
Location: Most medial muscle of erector spinae
Action: maintains upright posture

Question 17

Semispinalis

Answer 17

3 sections:
- capitis (most superior)
- cervicis (intermediate)
- Thoracic (most inferior)
Location: Deep in back thoracic region to head
Action: Allows us to bend our head backwards

Question 18

Splenius

Answer 18

2 sections:
- capitis (superior)
- cervicis (inferior)
Location: Anterior neck in cervical section
Action: Extend the head