Muscles of the Neck

Question 1

Splenius (Cervicis, Capitis)

Answer 1

SPs of C3-T6 to the TPs of C1 and C2 and the mastoid process and nuchal line of the occiput
Bilaterally: Extends cervical spine

Unilaterally: Side bends and rotates the head ipsilaterally

Question 2

Semispinalis (Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis)

Answer 2

Bilaterally: Extends spine and head

Unilaterally: Side bends and rotates spine

Question 3

Longus (Colli/Cervicis and Capitis)

Answer 3

Bilaterally: Flexes head and cervical spine

Unilaterally: Side bends and rotates head and neck ipsilaterally

Question 4

Scalenes (Anterior, Middle & Posterior)

Answer 4

Anterior: Anterior tubercles C3-C6 to rib 1
Middle: Posterior tubercles C2-C7 to rib 1
Posterior: Posterior tubercles C4-C6 to rib 2

Elevates first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck

Question 5

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 5

Mastoid process and nuchal line to the manubrium and clavicle

Bilaterally: Extends head
Unilaterally: Side bends head ipsilaterally and rotates head contralaterally

Question 6

Rectus Capitis Posterior (Major & Minor)

Answer 6

Major: Nuchal line of occiput to sP of C2
Minor: Nuchal line of occiput to posterior tubercle of C1

B: Extends head
U: Rotates head ipsilaterally

Question 7

Rectus Capitis Anterior

Answer 7

Basilar part of occiput, anterior of occipital condyles to lateral mass of C1

B: Flexes head
U: Side bends head ipsilaterally

Question 8

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

Answer 8

Basilar part of the occipital condyles to lateral mass of C1

B: Flexes head
U: Side bends head ipsilaterally

Question 9

Obliquus Capitis (Superior and Inferior)

Answer 9

Superior: Nuchal line to TP of C1
Inferior: TP of C1 to SP of C2

B: Extends head
U: Sidebends head ipsilateral and rotates contralaterally (superior); rotates head ipsilateral (inferior)

Question 10

Sternohyoid

Answer 10

Manubrium to hyoid

Depresses hyoid and larynx

Question 11

Sternothyroid

Answer 11

Manubrium to thyroid cartilage

Depresses hyoid and larynx

Question 12

Thyrohyoid

Answer 12

Thyroid cartilage to hyoid

Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

Question 13

Omohyoid

Answer 13

Hyoid to superior border of the scapula vi superior and inferior bellies

Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

Question 14

Geniohyoid

Answer 14

Inferior mental spine of mandible to hyoid

Elevates and protracts hyoid

Question 15

Mylohyoid

Answer 15

Mylohyoid line of mandible to hyoid

Elevates hyoid and floor of mouth

Question 16

Stylohyoid

Answer 16

Styloid process of temporal bone

Elevates and retracts hyoid

Question 17

Digastric

Answer 17

Digastric fossa of mandible (anterior belly) to the mastoid (posterior belly) via an intermediate tendon on the hyoid

Depresses mandible; raises hyoid during swallowing