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Upper Limb > Muscles of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Muscles of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: Transverse processes of T12-L5
I: Lesser trochanter as iliopsoas tendon
NS: Branches of ventral primary rami (L1-L3)
AS: Lumbar arteries
A: Hip flexion; external rotation; bends lumbar spine

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2
Q

Psoas Minor

A

O: T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs
I: Iliopectineal arch
NS: Branches of ventral primary rami (L1)
AS: Lumbar arteries
A: Lumbar flexion and lateral flexion; assists in pelvis upward rotation

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3
Q

Iliacus

A

O: Iliac fossa and crest
I: Lesser trochanter as iliopsoas muscle
NS: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
AS: Branches of medial circumflex femoral artery
A: Hip flexion and external rotation; ipsilateral bending of trunk; raises trunk from supine position

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4
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O: Fascia of gluteus medius; external surface ilium posterior to gluteal line; fascia of erector spinae; dorsal sacrum; lateral margin of coccyx; sacrotuberal ligament
I: Posterior iliotibial tract and fasciae latae muscles (upper); gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur (lower)
NS: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
AS: Superior gluteal artery; inferior gluteal artery
A: Extension of femur from flexed position; external rotation of femur

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5
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter
NS: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
AS: Superior gluteal artery
A: Abduction of hip; flexion and internal rotation (anterior); extension and external rotation (posterior)

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6
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O: External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Greater trochanter
NS: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
AS: Superior gluteal artery
A: Abduction of hip; flexion and internal rotation (anterior); extension and external rotation (posterior)

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7
Q

Piriformis

A

O: Pelvic surface of sacrum
I: Superior border of greater trochanter
NS: Direct branches from sacral plexus (L5-S1) and ventral rami (S1-S2)
AS: Superior gluteal artery; inferior gluteal artery; internal pudendal artery
A: External rotation; abduction and extension of hip

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8
Q

Superior Gemellus

A

O: Ischial spine
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter with obturator internus
NS: Obturator internus nerve
AS: Inferior gluteal artery
A: Lateral rotation of thigh; abduction and extension of hip

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9
Q

Obturator Internus

A

O: Inner surface of obturator membrane and the margin of obturator foramen
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter above trochanteric fossa
NS: Obturator internus nerve
AS: Obturator artery
A: External rotation; abduction and extension of hip

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10
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter with obturator internus tendon
NS: Quadratus femoris nerve
AS: Inferior gluteal artery
A: Lateral rotation of thigh; abduction and extension of hip

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11
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate line below intertrochanteric crest of femur
NS: Quadratus femoris nerve
AS: Inferior gluteal artery
A: External rotation and adduction of hip

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12
Q

Obturator Externus

A

O: Outer surface of obturator membrane, superior and inferior pubic rami
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
NS: Obturator nerve (L3-L4)
AS: Obturator artery
A: Adduction and external rotation of hip

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13
Q

Adductor Minimus

A

O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Gluteal ridge and space above medial lip of linea aspera of femur
NS: Obturator nerve (posterior division)
AS: Obturator artery; deep femoral artery; branches of medial circumflex femoral artery
A: Adduction of lateral rotation of femur

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14
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

O: Inferior ramus of pubis; ischiopubic ramus; ischial tuberosity
I: Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
NS: Obturator nerve; tibial nerve
AS: Obturator artery; deep femoral artery; branches of medial circumflex femoral artery
A: Adduction, extension, weak flexion, internal rotation

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15
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

O: ASIS and the anterior part iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract
NS: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
AS: Superior gluteal artery; inferior gluteal artery
A: Tenses fascia lata; abduction, flexion and internal rotation of hip

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16
Q

Iliotibial Tract

A

O: ASIS and the anterior part iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract
NS: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
AS: Superior gluteal artery
A: Tenses fascia lata; abduction, flexion and internal rotation of hip

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17
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

O: Greater trochanter; lateral lip of linea aspera; gluteal tuberosity
I: Tibial tuberosity and patella
NS: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
AS: Transverse circumflex femoral artery; lateral circumflex femoral artery; perforating arteries of deep femoral artery
A: Knee extension

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18
Q

Rectus Femoris

A 
O: ASIS and the superior part of acetabulum
I: Tibial tuberosity and patella
NS: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
AS: Lateral circumflex femoral artery
A: Flexion of hip; extension of knee
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19
Q

Sartorius

A

O: ASIS
I: Medial part of tibia near tibial tuberosity
NS: Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
AS: Lateral circumflex femoral artery; saphenous branch of descending genicular artery
A: Flexion, abduction and external rotation of the hip; flexion and internal rotation of the knee

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20
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

O: Anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
NS: Femoral nerve
AS: Lateral circumflex femoral artery; descending branch of lateral circumflex artery
A: Knee extension

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21
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

O: Medial lip of linea aspera of the femur and the intertrochanteric line
I: The patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
NS: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
AS: Lateral circumflex femoral artery; perforating arteries of deep femoral artery
A: Knee extension

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22
Q

Pectineus

A

O: Pectin pubis
I: Pectineal line of the femur
NS: Femoral nerve (L2-L4); obturator nerve (L2-L3)
AS: Branches of medial circumflex femoral artery
A: Hip adduction, internal rotation and weak flexion

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23
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
NS: Obturator nerve (L2-L3)
AS: Obturator artery; deep femoral artery
A: Adduction and flexion of hip

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24
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O Medial part of superior ramus of the pubis
I: Linea aspera
NS: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
AS: Obturator artery; deep femoral artery
A: Hip adduction and flexion; femur extension and internal rotation

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25
Q

Gracilis

A

O: Pubic symphysis and inferior pubic ramus
I: Medial surface of tibia
NS: Obturator nerve (L2-L3)
AS: Obturator artery
A: Hip adduction and flexion; knee flexion and internal rotation

26
Q

Articularis Genus

A

O: Lower anterior surface of femur above patellar surface
I: Articular capsule of knee joint
NS: Femoral nerve
AS: Descending branch of lateral circumflex artery
A: Suprapatellar bursa retraction; elevation of articular capsule of knee joint during extension

27
Q

Biceps Femoris (Long Head)

A

O: Ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
I: Head of the fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
NS: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)
AS: Perforating arteries of the deep femoral artery
A: Knee flexion and external rotation

28
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
I: Medial surface of the tibial tuberosity
NS: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)
AS: Perforating arteries of the deep femoral artery
A: Hip extension; knee flexion and internal rotation

29
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: Outer surface of ischial tuberosity
I: Medial tibial condyle; oblique popliteal ligament; popliteal fascia
NS: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)
AS: Perforating arteries of the deep femoral artery
A: Hip extension; knee flexion and internal rotation

30
Q

Biceps Femoris (Short Head)

A

O: Lateral lip of linea aspera of the femur
I: Head of the fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
NS: Common fibular nerve (L5-S2)
AS: Perforating arteries of the deep femoral artery
A: Knee flexion and external rotation

31
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus (Foot)

A

O: Head and anterior margin of the fibula; lateral condyle of the tibia; interosseous membrane
I: Bases and dorsal aponeuroses of the lateral four digits (via extensor expansion)
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)
AS: Anterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural dorsal flexion; subtalar eversion; 2nd-5th metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal extension

32
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: Lateral proximal tibia; tibial condyle; interosseous membrane; superficial crural fascia
I: Medial surface of the medial cuneiform tarsal and 1st metatarsal
NS: Deep fibular nerve
AS: Anterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural dorsal flexion; subtalar inversion

33
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Medial surface of the fibula; interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx; dorsal aponeurosis
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L5)
AS: Anterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural dorsal flexion; subtalar supination and pronation support; 1st metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal extension

34
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A 
O: Anterior surface of distal fibula
I: Dorsal shaft of 5th metatarsal
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)
AS: Anterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural dorsal flexion; subtalar eversion
35
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

O: Lateral surface of proximal fibula
I: Lower surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
NS: Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S1)
AS: Fibular artery
A: Talocrural plantar flexion; subtalar eversion

36
Q

Gastrocnemius (Lateral Head)

A

O: Femur and lateral femoral condyle superiorly
I: Dorsum of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
NS: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
AS: Sural artery and posterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural plantar flexion; knee flexion

37
Q

Gastrocnemius (Medial Head)

A

O: Femur and medial femoral condyle superiorly
I: Dorsum of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
NS: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
AS: Sural artery and posterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural plantar flexion; knee flexion

38
Q

Plantaris

A 
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Dorsum of calcaneus medial to calcaneal tendon
NS: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
AS: Popliteal artery
A: Knee flexion; foot plantar flexion
39
Q

Popliteus

A 
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleus
NS: Tibial nerve (L4-S1)
AS: Popliteal artery
A: Knee flexion and internal rotation
40
Q

Soleus

A

O: Posterior surface of proximal fibula; soleal line of tibia
I: Dorsum of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
NS: Tibial nerve (S1-S2)
AS: Posterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural plantar flexion; foot plantar flexion

41
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

O: Lateral surface of the distal fibula; intermuscular septum
I: Tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal
NS: Superficial fibular nerve
AS: Fibular artery
A: Talocrural plantar flexion; subtalar eversion

42
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Interosseous membrane; distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
I: Base of distal phalanx (1st toe)
NS: Tibial nerve
AS: Fibular artery; posterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural plantar flexion; subtalar inversion; metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal plantar flexion (1st)

43
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus (Foot)

A

O: Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia
I: Bases of distal phalanges (2nd-5th)
NS: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)
AS: Posterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural plantar flexion; subtalar inversion; metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal plantar flexion (2nd-5th)

44
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: Interosseous membrane; adjacent margins of tibia and fibula
I: Navicular tuberosity; medial cuneiform; bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
NS: Tibial nerve (L4-L5)
AS: Fibular artery; posterior tibial artery
A: Talocrural plantar flexion; subtalar inversion

45
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

O: Medial side of calcaneal tuberosity
I: Base of medial proximal phalanx of the hallux
NS: Medial plantar nerve (S1-S2)
AS: Medial plantar artery
A: Hallux flexion and abduction; supports longitudinal arch

46
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis (Lateral Head)

A

O: Cuboid; lateral cuneiform; plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
I: Lateral side of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
NS: Medial plantar nerve; lateral plantar nerve
AS: Deep branch of medial plantar artery
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion (1st digit)

47
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis (Medial Head)

A

O: Medial side of 1st metatarsal
I: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
NS: Medial plantar nerve
AS: Deep branch of medial plantar artery
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion (1st digit)

48
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis (Foot)

A

O: Calcaneal tuberosity; plantar aponeurosis
I: Base of middle phalanges (2nd-5th)
NS: Medial plantar nerve
AS: Deep branch of medial plantar artery; lateral plantar artery
A: Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal flexion (2nd-5th)

49
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

O: Anterior calcaneus; long plantar ligament
I: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
NS: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)
AS: Lateral plantar artery
A: Assists flexor digitorum longus in toe flexion

50
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi (Foot)

A

O: Medial and lateral sides of calcaneal tuberosity; plantar aponeurosis
I: Base of lateral proximal phalanx of 5th digit
NS: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)
AS: Lateral plantar artery
A: 5th digit abduction; metatarsophalangeal flexion (5th)

51
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Foot)

A

O: Base of 5th metatarsal; long plantar ligament
I: Base of lateral side of proximal phalanx (5th)
NS: Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)
AS: Lateral plantar artery
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion (5th)

52
Q

Adductor Hallucis (Oblique Head)

A

O: Heads of 2nd-4th metatarsals
I: Base of lateral side of proximal phalanx of the hallux
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AS: Deep plantar arch
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion; hallux adduction; longitudinal arch support

53
Q

Adductor Hallucis (Transverse Head)

A

O: Heads of 3rd-5th metatarsals
I: Base of lateral side of proximal phalanx of the hallux
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AS: Plantar metatarsal arteries; deep plantar arch
A: Hallux adduction; transverse arch support

54
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi (Foot)

A

O: Long plantar ligament; tendon of fibularis longus
I: Lateral side of the shaft of 5th metatarsal
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AS: Lateral plantar artery
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion

55
Q

1st Lumbrical (Foot)

A

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Dorsal aponeurosis; medial side of extensor expansion (2nd digit)
NS: Medial plantar nerve
AS: Superficial branch of medial plantar artery; plantar metatarsal arteries
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion (2nd); interphalangeal extension (2nd)

56
Q

2nd-4th Lumbricals (Foot)

A

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Dorsal aponeurosis; medial side of extensor expansion (3rd-5th digits)
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AS: Plantar metatarsal arteries
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion (3rd-5th); interphalangeal extension (3rd-5th)

57
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Superolateral surface of calcaneus
I: Dorsum of the base of the proximal phalanx; dorsal aponeurosis of hallux
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)
AS: Dorsalis pedis artery
A: Metatarsophalangeal extension of hallux

58
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (Foot)

A

O: Superolateral surface of calcaneus
I: Bases of middle phalanges; dorsal aponeuroses of 1st-4th digits
NS: Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
AS: Dorsalis pedis artery
A: Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal extension (2nd-4th)

59
Q

1st Dorsal Interossei (Foot)

A

O: Two heads arise from opposing sides of 1st and 2nd metatarsals
I: Medial base of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AS: Dorsal metatarsal arteries
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion (2nd); interphalangeal extension (2nd)

60
Q

2nd-4th Dorsal Interossei (Foot)

A

O: Two heads arise from opposing sides of 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, and 4th and 5th metatarsals
I: Lateral base of proximal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AS: Dorsal metatarsal arteries
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion (2nd-4th); interphalangeal extension (2nd-4th); 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digit abduction

61
Q

Plantar Interossei (Foot)

A

O: Base and medial borders of 3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsals
I: Medial base of the proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AS: Planter metatarsal arteries
A: Metatarsophalangeal flexion (3rd-5th); interphalangeal extension (3rd-5th); adduction toward 2nd digit

Upper Limb (9 decks)

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