Muscles of the Hip and Thigh Flashcards
How many groups are the muscles divided into and what are they?
4 groups: Anterior, medial, posterior and lateral femoral muscles.
What are the anterior femoral muscles?
- Sartorius
- Quadriceps femoris (combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles)
- Articularis genus
What are the origin and insertion of sartorius?
Origin: Anterior superior spine of ilium and the notch just below the spine
Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia, below tuberosity.
What action does sartorius produce?
Flexion, abduction, lateral rotation
What are the four parts of Quadriceps Femoris?
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
What are the origin and insertion of Rectus femoris?
- Arises via two tendons: Straight and reflected
- Tendons unite at an acute angle and continue into a central aponeurosis
Origin: (straight) anterior surface of spine of ilium, (reflected) groove above the acetabulum.
Insertion: Proximal border of patella and spreads to form the patellar ligament
What are the origin and insertion of Vastus lateralis?
Origin: Broad aponeurosis attached to the upper intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum.
Insertion: Superolateral border of patella and lateral condyle of tibia.
What are the origin and insertion of vastus medialis?
Origin: medial lip of linea aspera, distal half of the intertrochanteric line and medial intermuscular septum.
Insertion: Tendon of the rectus femoris, the superomedial border of patella and medial condyle of the tibia.
What are the origin and insertion of vastus intermedius
Origin: Shaft of femur, lower half of lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum.
Insertion: Fibers end in superficial aponeurosis, which blends with the deep surface of the tendons of the rectus femoris and with the VM and VL muscles.
What action does the quadriceps femoris produce?
- Extension at the knee
- RF is also involved with flexion at the thigh at the hip.
What are the origin and insertion of articularis genus?
Origin: Lower quarter of the front of femur
Insertion: Upper synovial membrane of knee joint.
- Lie deep to VI.
What are the medial femoral muscles?
- Gracilis
- Pectineus
- Adductor longus
- Adductor magnus
- Obturator externus muscles
What are the origin and insertion of the gracilis?
Origin: Pubic symphisis and inferior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: Upper shaft of tibia between tendons of sartorius and semitendinosus
What action does gracilis carry out?
Adduction of the thigh and assists in flexion at the knee.
Flexion and medial rotation of the thigh at the hip.
What are the origin and insertion of the pectineus muscle?
- Origin: Pecten of the pubis, surface of bone below pecten, between iliopubic eminence laterally and pubic tubercle medially.
- Insertion: Pectineal line of femur
What action does pectineus carry out?
Adducts, rotates medially and assists in flexion of the thigh
What are the origin and insertion of the adductor longus?
- Origin: Medial superior ramus of the pubis
- Insertion: medial lip of the linea aspera of femur, between tendons of VM and AM.
What action does adductor longus carry out?
- Adducts the thigh and assist in medial rotation and flexion.
What are the origin and insertion of adductor brevis?
- Origin: Inferior pubic ramus
- Insertion: Lower two thirds of pectineal line of the femur, and upper half of the medial lip of linea aspera
What actions does adductor brevis carry out?
Adducts the thigh, and assists in its flexion and medial rotation.
What are the origin and insertion of adductor magnus?
- Origin: Lower inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity.
- Insertion: (Upper) medial side of the gluteal ridge and uppermost linea aspera of femur. ***
What actions does adductor magnus carry out?
Adduction and assists in flexion and medial rotation of the thigh
What is the origin and insertion of the obturator externis?
- Origin: External aspect of superior and inferior rami of the pubis and ramus of ischium.
- Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur.
What action does obturator externis carry out?
lateral rotator of the thigh
What is the action of the tensor fasciae latae?
It tightens the iliotibial tract, which helps extend and stabilize the knee joint. It also aids in flexion and abduction of the hip joint
What is the action of the iliopsoas muscle?
It is the main flexor of the thigh at the hip joint
What are the posterior femoral muscles?
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
What are the origin and insertion of ST?
- Origin: Upper and medial ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
What are the actions of ST?
Flexion of the leg, extension of the thigh
What are the origin and insertion of SM?
- Origin: Upper and lateral ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
What are the actions of SM?
Flexion of the leg and extension of the thigh
What are the origin and insertion of Biceps Femoris?
- Origin: Long head - ischial tuberosity; short head - lateral lip of linea aspera
- Insertion: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
What are the actions of BF?
Flexion and lateral rotation of the leg, extension of the thigh.
What are the origin and insertion of Psoas major (iliopsoas)?
- Origin: Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
- Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
What actions does psoas major carry out?
Acts with iliacus in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilising the hip joint
What are the origin and insertion of iliacus (iliopsoas)?
- Origin: Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligaments
- Insertion: Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter and femur.
What actions for iliacus carry out?
Acts with psoas major in flexing thigh at the hip joint and in stabilising the hip joint.
