Muscles of the Hindlimb Flashcards
Muscle that attaches at the iliac crest?
iliocostalis and longissimus lumborum
Which muscles attach to the wing of the ilium?
sartorius and middle gluteal muscles originate
The lateral aspect of the ilium has a depression or fossa that forms what surface? What muscles attach there?
gluteal surface;
1) middle gluteal muscle
2) deep gluteal muscle
What 4 muscles present across the top of the hindquarter and thigh?
1) sartorius
2) tensor fasciae latae
3) gluteus medius
4) gluteus superficialias
What are the 3 primary muscles to ABDUCT the hip in dogs?
1) gluteus medius
2) tensor fasciae latae
3) gluteus minimus
Large caudolateral thigh muscle described as having 2 heads?
biceps femoris
Action of the biceps femoris?
extension of the hip, stifle, hock; flexion of the stifle (caudal parts of the muscle)
a blocky caudal thigh muscle sandwiched between semimembranosus and biceps femoris?
semitendinosus
What nerve innervates the semitendinousus?
sciatic nerve (ischiadic nerve)
Where is the origin? insertion? and action of the semitendinosus?
O: Ischiatic tuberosity
I: fascia of the leg to medial body of tibia and tuber calcanei
A: extension of the hip and hock; flexion of stifle
Describe Tensor Fascia Latae and Gluteals muscles:
Tensor fascia latae tenses the lateral fascia and flexes the hip, innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve.
Superficial Gluteal muscle originates from the gluteal fascia, inserts on the greater trochanter, and extends the hip, innervated by the caudal gluteal nerve.
Middle Gluteal muscle originates on the ilium, inserts on the greater trochanter, extends and abducts the hip, and rotates the pelvic limb medially, innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve.
Deep Gluteal and Piriformis muscles extend and abduct the hip, and rotate the pelvic limb medially, with piriformis innervated by the caudal gluteal nerve and deep gluteal by the cranial gluteal nerve.
Describe Caudal Muscles of the Thigh (Hamstrings)
Biceps Femoris extends the hip, flexes or extends the stifle, and extends the tarsus, innervated by the sciatic nerve.
Tenuissimus flexes the stifle and abducts the crus, innervated by the ischiatic nerve.
Semitendinosus extends the hip, stifle, and hock, with the caudal part flexing the stifle, innervated by the sciatic nerve.
Semimembranosus extends the hip, flexes the stifle, and extends the hock, innervated by the sciatic nerve.
Describe Medial Muscles of the Thigh
Sartorius flexes the hip, extends or flexes the stifle, and inserts onto the medial femoral fascia, innervated by the femoral nerve.
Gracilis adducts the limb, flexes the stifle, and extends the hip and hock, innervated by the obturator nerve.
Adductors adduct the limb and extend the hip, innervated by the obturator nerve.
Pectineus adducts the thigh, innervated by the obturator nerve.
Describe Cranial Muscles of the Thigh
Quadriceps consists of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius, extending the hip and extending the stifle, innervated by the femoral nerve.
Capsularis coxae and Articularis genu contribute to hip flexion and
Describe Caudal Crus Muscles
Gastrocnemius extends the tarsus and flexes the stifle, innervated by the tibial nerve.
Superficial digital flexor flexes the stifle, extends the tarsus, and flexes the digits, innervated by the tibial nerve.
Deep digital flexor flexes the digits and extends the tarsus, innervated by the tibial nerve.
Popliteus inwardly rotates and flexes the stifle, innervated by the tibial nerve.
Caudal Tibial extends the tarsus, innervated by the tibial nerve.
Describe Craniolateral Crus Muscles
Cranial Tibial flexes the tarsus and laterally rotates the hindpaw, innervated by the peroneal nerve.
Long Digital Extensor extends the digits, innervated by the peroneal nerve.
Peroneus Longus flexes the hock, innervated by the peroneal nerve.
Peroneus Brevis flexes the tarsus, innervated by the peroneal nerve.
Lateral Digital Extensor extends the lateral digit, innervated by the peroneal nerve.
Short Digital Extensor extends the digits, innervated by the peroneal nerve.
Describe Muscles Caudal to the Hip Joint
Gemelli muscles originate on the ischiatic spine and insert onto the trochanteric fossa, outwardly rotating the hip joint, innervated by the ischiatic nerve.
External Obturator originates around the borders of the obturator foramen, outwardly rotating the hip, innervated by the ischiatic nerve.
Quadratus Femoris originates ventral to the ischiatic tuberosity, extending and outwardly rotating the hip, innervated by the ischiatic nerve.
Describe Muscles of the Pelvic Outlet
Coccygeus depresses the tail, innervated by the 3rd sacral nerve.
Levator Ani depresses the tail, compresses the rectum, and causes kinking of the tail during defecation, innervated by the 3rd sacral and 4th coccygeal nerves.
External Anal Sphincter closes the rectum, innervated by sacral nerves.
Rectococcygeus anchors the rectum and provides caudal traction during defecation, innervated by autonomic fibers from the pelvic plexus.
Originates on ilium, inserts on greater trochanter, extends and abducts hip, rotates pelvic limb medially, and innervated by cranial gluteal nerve?
Middle gluteal nerve
From pelvic symphysis to medial proximal tibia, adducts limb, flexes stifle, extends hip and hock, innervated by obturator nerve
Gracilis
Weak muscle from sacrotuberous ligament to crural fascia, flexes stifle, abducts crus, innervated by ischiatic nerve
tenuissimus
Arises from ischiatic tuberosity, inserts on medial tibia and calcanean tuberosity, extends hip, flexes stifle, extends hock, innervated by sciatic nerve
A) Superficial digital flexor
B) Gemelli
C) Semimembranosus
D) Popliteus
Semimembranosus
Caudal crus muscle, innervated by tibial nerve:
A) Biceps femoris
B) Deep digital flexor
C) Middle Gluteal
D) Popliteus
Deep digital flexor
Which is part of the quadriceps muscle group?
A) Vastus lateralis
B) Semimembranosus
C) Gastrocnemius
D) Quadratus Femoris
Vastus lateralis
What is the weak muscle from sacrotuberous ligament to crural fascia, flexes stifle, abducts crus, and is innervated by the ischiatic nerve?
tenuissimus
Arises from iliopubic eminence and public tubercle, inserts on medial femur, adducts the thigh and is innervated by the obturator nerve?
pectineus
which muscle provides outward rotation of the hip joint?
external obturator
Which muscle is for hip extension and outward rotation?
quadratus femoris
Which muscle is from the ischiatic spine to coccygeal vertebrae and acts as a tail depressor?
coccygeus
Which Muscle from ilium to coccygeal vertebrae, depresses tail and compresses rectum
levator ani
Muscle covering the internal anal sphincter, closes the rectum
external anal sphincter
Muscle anchoring the rectum, provides caudal traction during defecation
rectococcygeus
What action does the gemelli perform?
outward rotation of the hip joint
Which muscle aids in digital extension?
Short digital extensor
Which muscle extends the lateral digit?
Lateral digital extensor
Muscle for tarsal flexion?
peroneus brevis
Muscle for hock flexion?
peroneus longus
Action of long digital extensor?
digital extension
muscle for tarsal flexion and hindpaw rotation?
cranial tibial
muscles for hock flexion and digit extension?
craniolateral crus muscles
muscles located at the back of the leg?
caudal crus
What group are the rectus femoris part of?
quadriceps muscle group
What group are the vastus lateralis part of?
quadriceps muscle group
What are the collateral ligaments of the knee?
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL): This ligament is located on the outside of the knee.
Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL): This ligament is located inside the knee joint and helps stabilize it.
What are the signs of a collateral ligament injury?
Swelling in the knee
Pain or tenderness along the outside of the knee
Knee catching or locking when moving
Knee giving way or feeling like it will give way when stressed
How to know if dog tore MCL?
One common symptom is that dogs will not sit “square” anymore but rather put their leg(s) out to the side when they sit down. You may also observe that your dog has difficulty rising, trouble jumping into the car, as well as a decreased activity level.
