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Anatomy > Muscles of the back > Flashcards

Muscles of the back Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius origin

A

Medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, C1-T12 spinous processes

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2
Q

Trapezius insertion

A

Spine of scapula, acromion, lateral third of the clavicle

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3
Q

Trapezius action

A

Elevates, retracts, superiorly rotates the scapula

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4
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor), C3-C4 ventral rami (sensory)

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5
Q

Trapezius blood supply

A

Transverse cervical artery

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6
Q

Latissimus dorsi origin

A

T7-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, dorsal sacrum, iliac crest

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7
Q

Latissimus dorsi insertion

A

Floor of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi actions

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

Depresses, retracts, and inferiorly rotates the scapula

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9
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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10
Q

Latissimus dorsi blood supply

A

Thoracodorsal artery

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11
Q

Rhomboid major origin

A

T2-T5 spinous processes

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12
Q

Rhomboid major insertion

A

Medial border of the scapula

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13
Q

Rhomboid major actions

A

Retracts, elevates, and inferiorly rotates the scapula

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14
Q

Rhomboid major innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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15
Q

Rhomboid major blood supply

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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16
Q

Rhomboid minor origin

A

C7-T1 spinous processes

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17
Q

Rhomboid minor insertion

A

Medial border of the scapula

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18
Q

Rhomboid minor actions

A

Retractes, elevates, and inferiorly rotates the scapula

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19
Q

Rhomboid minor innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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20
Q

Rhomboid minor blood supply

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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21
Q

Levator scapulae origin

A

C1-C4 transverse processes

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22
Q

Levator scapulae insertion

A

Superior angle of the scapula

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23
Q

Levator scapulae actions

A

Elevates and inferiorly rotates the scapula, assists neck extension

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24
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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25
Q

Levator scapular blood supply

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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26
Q

What are the superficial (extrinsic) muscles of the back?

A

Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Levator scapulae

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27
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the back?

A

Serratus posterior superior, Serratus posterior inferior

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28
Q

Serratus posterior superior origin

A

C7-T3 spinous processes

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29
Q

Serratus posterior superior insertion

A

Superior border of ribs 2-5

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30
Q

Serratus posterior superior actions

A

Elevates (weakly) ribs 2-5 (accessory muscle if respiration)

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31
Q

Serratus posterior superior innervation

A

Segmentally by thoracic ventral primary rami (intercostal nerve)

32
Q

Serratus posterior superior blood supply

A

Branches of posterior intercostal artery

33
Q

Serratus posterior inferior origin

A

T11-L3 spinous processes

34
Q

Serratus posterior inferior insertion

A

Inferior border of ribs 9-12

35
Q

Serratus posterior inferior actions

A

Depresses (weakly) ribs 9-12 (accessory muscle of respiration)

36
Q

Serratus posterior inferior innervation

A

Segmentally by thoracic ventral primary rami (intercostal nerve)

37
Q

Serratus posterior inferior blood supply

A

Branches of posterior intercostal artery

38
Q

What are the deep (intrinsic) back muscles?

A

Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Erector spinae muscle group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), Transversospinalis group (semispinalis, multifidus, rotators), Levatores costarum, Intersegmental muscles, Thoracolumbar fascia

39
Q

Splenius capitis/cervicis origin

A

Ligamentum nuchae and T1-T4 spinous processes

40
Q

Splenius capitis insertion

A

Mastoid process and superior nuchal line

41
Q

Splenius capitis/cervicis actions

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of head/neck
Bilateral: extension of head/neck

42
Q

Splenius cervicis insertion

A

C1-C4 transverse processes

43
Q

Erector spinae group origin

A

Common tendon of origin from posterior iliac crest, dorsal sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes; additional slips originate along the axial skeleton

44
Q

Iliocostalis insertion

A

Angles of ribs, cervical transverse processes

45
Q

Longissimus insertion

A

Thoracic transverse processes and adjacent ribs, cervical transverse processes, mastoid process (capitis portion)

46
Q

Spinalis insertion

A

Upper thoracic spinous processes, ligamentum nuchae, occipital) bone between nuchal lines (captious portion)

47
Q

Erector spine group actions

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of trunk and head/neck
Bilateral: extension of trunk, head/neck

48
Q

Transversospinal group

A

Semispinalis, multifidus, rotators

49
Q

Erector spinae group

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

50
Q

Transversospinal group origin

A

Dorsal sacrum and posterior iliac crest, lumbar mamiliary processes, cervical and thoracic transverse processes

51
Q

Transversospinal group insertion

A

Spinous processes and occipital bone (capitis portion)

52
Q

Semispinalis segments

A

4-6 segments, best defined in cervical region

53
Q

Multifidus segments

A

2-4 segments, best defined in lumbar regio

54
Q

Rotator segments

A

1-2 segments, best defined in thoracic region

55
Q

Transversospinalis group actions

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of trunk, head, and neck
Bilateral: extension of trunk, head, and neck

56
Q

Levatores costarum origin

A

Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

57
Q

Levatores costarum insertion

A

Superior borders of ribs (1 or 2 segments inferiorly)

58
Q

Levatores costarum actions

A

Elevates ribs, assist lateral flexion

59
Q

Interspinales

A

Tiny muscles spanning spinous processes

60
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Tiny muscles spanning transverse processes

61
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia posterior layer

A

Attaches to the vertebral spinous processes

62
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia middle layer

A

Attaches to vertebral transverse processes; continuous with aponeurosis of transversus abdominus muscles

63
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia anterior layer

A

The anterior fascia of quadrates lomborum

64
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

Rectus capitis posterior major, Rectus capitis posterior minor, Obliquus capitis superior, Obliquus capitis inferior

65
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major origin

A

Spinous process of axis (C2)

66
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major insertion

A

Inferior nuchal line

67
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major actions

A

Unilateral: Ipsilateral rotation of head
Bilateral: Extension of head

68
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor origin

A

Posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)

69
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor insertion

A

Inferior nuchal line medial to rectus capitis posterior major

70
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor actions

A

Bilateral: extension of head

71
Q

Obliquus capitis superior origin

A

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

72
Q

Obliquus capitis superior insertion

A

Occipital bone between nuchal lines

73
Q

Obliquus capitis superior actions

A

Unilateral: lateral bending of head
Bilateral: Extension of head

74
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior origin

A

Spinous process of axis (C2)

75
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior insertion

A

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

76
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior actions

A

Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation of head

Anatomy (6 decks)

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