muscles of the arm Flashcards
1
Q
what is the only articulation of the pectoral girdle with the thoracic wall
A
between clavicle and manubrium
2
Q
what are the 4 muscles that attach the pectoral girdle to the thoracic wall
A
pec major
pec minor
subclavius
serratus anterior
3
Q
what are the 5 muscles that attach the pectoral girdle to the vertebral column
A
trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae rhomboid major rhomboid minor
4
Q
origin of pectoralis major
A
has 2 heads:
- clavicular
- sternocostal
5
Q
route and insertion of pec major
A
fibres converge towards insertion onto the proximal humerus
- as they converge the clavicular head fibres overlap the sternocostal fibres)
6
Q
function of pec major
A
adductor
medial rotation
accessory muscle of inspiration
7
Q
route of subclavius muscle
A
passes laterally from anteromedial part of first rib to inferior surface of clavicle
8
Q
function subclavius muscle
A
stabilises the clavicle
9
Q
route of pec minor
A
costal cartilages 3-5 and converge up to the corocoid process
10
Q
function of pec minor
A
stabilises the scapula
accessory muscle of inspiration
depression of the shoulder
11
Q
origin of serratus anterior
A
lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
12
Q
route and insertion of serratus anterior
A
travels posteriorly underlapping the scapula to insert onto the medial border of the scapula
13
Q
function of serratus anterior
A
protraction of the scapula
14
Q
what is the nerve supply of serratus anterior
A
long thoracic nerve
15
Q
what happens when the long thoracic nerve is damaged
A
scapula no longer stays close to the chest wall on protraction = birds wing appearance
16
Q
what are the 6 muscles that attach the humerus to the scapula
A
deltoid subscapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor teres major
17
Q
which muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles
A
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
18
Q
nerve supply to deltoid muscle
A
axillary nerve
19
Q
origin of deltoid
A
spine of scapula, acromion and clavicle
20
Q
insertion of deltion
A
fibres converge and deltoid tubercle of the humerus
21
Q
functions of the deltoid
A
- anterior fibres = flexion
- posterior = extension of the shoulder
- whole muscle together = abductor after initiation by supraspinatus
22
Q
route of supraspinatus
A
arises from supraspinous fossa and goes into the superior facet
23
Q
function of supraspinatus
A
initiates abduction
24
Q
route of infraspinatus
A
arises from infraspinous fossa to middle facet
25
function of infraspinatus
lateral rotator
26
route of teres minor
lateral border of the scapula and goes into the inferior facet
27
function of teres minor
lateral rotator
28
route of subscapularis
subscapula fossa --> inserts into lesser tubercle of the humerus by passing infront of the shoulder joint
29
function of subscapularis
stabilser
| medial rotator
30
route of teres major
inferior angle of the scapula and heads towards the proximal humerus just below the lesser tubercle in the bicepital groove
31
function of teres major
adducts
| medially rotates
32
what are the anterior muscles of the upper arm
coracobrachialis
biceps
brachialis
33
what are the posterior muscles of the upper arm
only triceps
34
origin of the 2 heads of bicepts
short head - coracoid process
| long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
35
insertion of bicepts
fibres of short and long head converge to insert at the radial tuberosity
36
function of biceps
- when elbow extended - flexor
| - when elbow flexed - supernator
37
what is the rule for superficial muscles
have a proximal origin and a distal insertion
38
what is the rule for deep muscles
arise from the shaft of the long bone in which they overlie
39
brachialis origin and insertion
origin - distal half of the anterior shaft of the humerus
insertion - coronoid process of the ulnar
(crosses anterior to the elbow joint)
40
function of brachialis
flexion
41
origin and insertion of coracobrachialis
coracoid process above to shaft of the humerus halfway down
42
function of coracobrachialis
assists in flexon and adduction
43
origins of the 3 heads of triceps
long - infraglenoid tubercle
lateral - linear attachment of the proximal attachment of the posterior aspect of the humerus
medial - whole of the back of the shaft of the humerus
44
insertion of triceps
all three heads of triceps converge into the triceps tendon and insert into the alecronon of the ulnar
45
function of triceps
extensor of the elbow joint
46
what are the 5 anterior superficial muscles of the forearm
```
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor dig superficialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
(from thumb to little finger)
```
47
what is the common origin of the 5 superficial muscles of the forearm
anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of ulnar
48
route of flexor carpi radialis
heads across to radial side and inserts into the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
49
insertion of palmaris longus
blends with the flexor reticinaculum
50
origin of flexor digitorum superficialis
common flexor origin + both bones of the forearm
51
insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis
splits into 4 tendons - one for each finger
| inserts into either side of the middle phalanges
52
which forearm muscle makes up the medial side of the forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris
53
origin of flexor carpi ulnaris
common flexor origin + aponeurotic attachment to the subcutaneous border of the ulnar
54
insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris
heads for the base of the 5th metacarpal (has pisiform in it)
55
which 3 muscles of the forearm have their origin from the common flexor tendon + another place
pronator teres
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
56
route of pronator teres
diagonally orientated across the front of the forearm and inserts into the midpoint of the shaft of the radius
57
origin of pronator teres
common flexor origin + medial aspect of coranoid process
58
what are the 3 deep muscles of the anterior deep forearm
pronator quadratus
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus
59
route of pronator quadratus
extends across the front of the distal portions of the anterior of the ulnar and radius
60
origin of flexor digitorum profundus
from the anterior shaft of the ulnar and the adjacent part of the intraosseous membrane
61
insertion of flexor digitorum profundus
splits into 4 tendons - extends all the way to the distal phalanx (goes between the split of FDS)
62
function of flexor digitorum profundus
flexor of the wrist
| flexor of the distal phalangeal joints
63
origin of flexor pollicus longus
arises from the shaft of the radius and adjacent part of the intraosseous membrane
64
insertion of flexor pollicus longus
base of the thumb phalanx
65
how do the tendons go under the flexor retinaculum
- bottom layer - 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
- middle layer - tendons 2 and 5 of flexor digitorum superficialis
- superficial layer - tendons 3 and 4 of flexor digitorum superficialis
- lateral - flexor polisus longus
66
attachments of the flexor retinaculum
```
scaphoid
trapezium
hook of hamate
pisiform
(STOP)
```
67
which tendon has its own tunnel through the retinaculum
flexor carpi radialis
68
insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris
base of the 5th metacarpal - pisometacarpal ligament
69
group of 3 muscles that make up the posterior side of the radial side of the forearm
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
70
group of 3 muscles that make up the posterior aspect of the forearm
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
71
group of 3 muscles of the posterior aspect of the forearm that are deep
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
72
which muscles of the posterior aspect of the forearm have origin from the common extensor origin
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
73
origin of brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
lateral epicondylar ridge just above the common extensor origin
74
insertion of brachioradialis
styloid process of the radius
75
function of brachioradialis
flexor at the elbow
76
function of extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor
| radial deviator
77
insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus
into the base of the 2nd metacarpal posteriorly
78
insertion of extensor carpi radialis breviw
into the base of the 3rd metacarpal posteriorly
79
contraction of which 3 muscles cause radial deviation
flexor carpi radialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
80
insertion of extensor digitorum
splits into 4 tendons - then divides into 3
- middle - inserts into the base of the middle phalanx
- lateral and medial - inserts into the base of the distal phalanx
81
insertion of extensor digiti minimi
5th finger
82
insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris
base of the 5th metacarpal
83
function of the extensor carpi ulnaris
extension of the wrist
| ulnar deviation
84
what happens when extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris act together
only ulnar deviation
85
insertion of abductor pollicus longus
base of the 1st metacarpal
86
insertion of extensor pollicis brevis
inserts into base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
87
insertion of extensor pollicis longus
goes beneath carpal tunnel and then diverts back to thumb and inserts into the base of the distal phalanx
88
which two tendons make up the anatomical snuff box
extensor pollicus brevis and extensor pollicis longus
89
what forms the floor of the anatomical snuff box?
scaphoid
90
which artery runs through the anatomical snuff box
radial artery
91
what are the 3 other random muscles on the posterior forearm
aconeus
extensor indicis
supinator
92
explain the route of apconeus
tends from posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle to posterior aspect of ulnar
93
what is the route of extensor indicis
runs to the index finger
94
route of supinator
encircles the proximal shaft of the radius
95
explain the anatomy of the extensor retinaculum
series of vertical septa that divide the passage for the tendons of the forearm muscles towards the dorsum of the hand into 6 compartments
