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Z MD1 upper limb anatomy > muscles of the arm > Flashcards

muscles of the arm Flashcards

1
Q

what is the only articulation of the pectoral girdle with the thoracic wall

A

between clavicle and manubrium

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2
Q

what are the 4 muscles that attach the pectoral girdle to the thoracic wall

A

pec major
pec minor
subclavius
serratus anterior

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3
Q

what are the 5 muscles that attach the pectoral girdle to the vertebral column

A 
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
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4
Q

origin of pectoralis major

A

has 2 heads:

  • clavicular
  • sternocostal
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5
Q

route and insertion of pec major

A

fibres converge towards insertion onto the proximal humerus

- as they converge the clavicular head fibres overlap the sternocostal fibres)

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6
Q

function of pec major

A

adductor
medial rotation
accessory muscle of inspiration

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7
Q

route of subclavius muscle

A

passes laterally from anteromedial part of first rib to inferior surface of clavicle

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8
Q

function subclavius muscle

A

stabilises the clavicle

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9
Q

route of pec minor

A

costal cartilages 3-5 and converge up to the corocoid process

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10
Q

function of pec minor

A

stabilises the scapula
accessory muscle of inspiration
depression of the shoulder

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11
Q

origin of serratus anterior

A

lateral aspect of ribs 1-8

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12
Q

route and insertion of serratus anterior

A

travels posteriorly underlapping the scapula to insert onto the medial border of the scapula

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13
Q

function of serratus anterior

A

protraction of the scapula

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14
Q

what is the nerve supply of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

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15
Q

what happens when the long thoracic nerve is damaged

A

scapula no longer stays close to the chest wall on protraction = birds wing appearance

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16
Q

what are the 6 muscles that attach the humerus to the scapula

A 
deltoid
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
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17
Q

which muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

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18
Q

nerve supply to deltoid muscle

A

axillary nerve

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19
Q

origin of deltoid

A

spine of scapula, acromion and clavicle

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20
Q

insertion of deltion

A

fibres converge and deltoid tubercle of the humerus

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21
Q

functions of the deltoid

A
  • anterior fibres = flexion
  • posterior = extension of the shoulder
  • whole muscle together = abductor after initiation by supraspinatus
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22
Q

route of supraspinatus

A

arises from supraspinous fossa and goes into the superior facet

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23
Q

function of supraspinatus

A

initiates abduction

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24
Q

route of infraspinatus

A

arises from infraspinous fossa to middle facet

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25
Q

function of infraspinatus

A

lateral rotator

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26
Q

route of teres minor

A

lateral border of the scapula and goes into the inferior facet

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27
Q

function of teres minor

A

lateral rotator

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28
Q

route of subscapularis

A

subscapula fossa –> inserts into lesser tubercle of the humerus by passing infront of the shoulder joint

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29
Q

function of subscapularis

A

stabilser

medial rotator

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30
Q

route of teres major

A

inferior angle of the scapula and heads towards the proximal humerus just below the lesser tubercle in the bicepital groove

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31
Q

function of teres major

A

adducts

medially rotates

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32
Q

what are the anterior muscles of the upper arm

A

coracobrachialis
biceps
brachialis

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33
Q

what are the posterior muscles of the upper arm

A

only triceps

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34
Q

origin of the 2 heads of bicepts

A

short head - coracoid process

long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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35
Q

insertion of bicepts

A

fibres of short and long head converge to insert at the radial tuberosity

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36
Q

function of biceps

A
  • when elbow extended - flexor

- when elbow flexed - supernator

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37
Q

what is the rule for superficial muscles

A

have a proximal origin and a distal insertion

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38
Q

what is the rule for deep muscles

A

arise from the shaft of the long bone in which they overlie

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39
Q

brachialis origin and insertion

A

origin - distal half of the anterior shaft of the humerus
insertion - coronoid process of the ulnar
(crosses anterior to the elbow joint)

40
Q

function of brachialis

A

flexion

41
Q

origin and insertion of coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process above to shaft of the humerus halfway down

42
Q

function of coracobrachialis

A

assists in flexon and adduction

43
Q

origins of the 3 heads of triceps

A

long - infraglenoid tubercle
lateral - linear attachment of the proximal attachment of the posterior aspect of the humerus
medial - whole of the back of the shaft of the humerus

44
Q

insertion of triceps

A

all three heads of triceps converge into the triceps tendon and insert into the alecronon of the ulnar

45
Q

function of triceps

A

extensor of the elbow joint

46
Q

what are the 5 anterior superficial muscles of the forearm

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor dig superficialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
(from thumb to little finger)
47
Q

what is the common origin of the 5 superficial muscles of the forearm

A

anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of ulnar

48
Q

route of flexor carpi radialis

A

heads across to radial side and inserts into the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

49
Q

insertion of palmaris longus

A

blends with the flexor reticinaculum

50
Q

origin of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

common flexor origin + both bones of the forearm

51
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

splits into 4 tendons - one for each finger

inserts into either side of the middle phalanges

52
Q

which forearm muscle makes up the medial side of the forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

53
Q

origin of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

common flexor origin + aponeurotic attachment to the subcutaneous border of the ulnar

54
Q

insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

heads for the base of the 5th metacarpal (has pisiform in it)

55
Q

which 3 muscles of the forearm have their origin from the common flexor tendon + another place

A

pronator teres
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor carpi ulnaris

56
Q

route of pronator teres

A

diagonally orientated across the front of the forearm and inserts into the midpoint of the shaft of the radius

57
Q

origin of pronator teres

A

common flexor origin + medial aspect of coranoid process

58
Q

what are the 3 deep muscles of the anterior deep forearm

A

pronator quadratus
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus

59
Q

route of pronator quadratus

A

extends across the front of the distal portions of the anterior of the ulnar and radius

60
Q

origin of flexor digitorum profundus

A

from the anterior shaft of the ulnar and the adjacent part of the intraosseous membrane

61
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

A

splits into 4 tendons - extends all the way to the distal phalanx (goes between the split of FDS)

62
Q

function of flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexor of the wrist

flexor of the distal phalangeal joints

63
Q

origin of flexor pollicus longus

A

arises from the shaft of the radius and adjacent part of the intraosseous membrane

64
Q

insertion of flexor pollicus longus

A

base of the thumb phalanx

65
Q

how do the tendons go under the flexor retinaculum

A
  • bottom layer - 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
  • middle layer - tendons 2 and 5 of flexor digitorum superficialis
  • superficial layer - tendons 3 and 4 of flexor digitorum superficialis
  • lateral - flexor polisus longus
66
Q

attachments of the flexor retinaculum

A 
scaphoid
trapezium
hook of hamate
pisiform 
(STOP)
67
Q

which tendon has its own tunnel through the retinaculum

A

flexor carpi radialis

68
Q

insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

base of the 5th metacarpal - pisometacarpal ligament

69
Q

group of 3 muscles that make up the posterior side of the radial side of the forearm

A

brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis

70
Q

group of 3 muscles that make up the posterior aspect of the forearm

A

extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris

71
Q

group of 3 muscles of the posterior aspect of the forearm that are deep

A

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus

72
Q

which muscles of the posterior aspect of the forearm have origin from the common extensor origin

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris

73
Q

origin of brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

A

lateral epicondylar ridge just above the common extensor origin

74
Q

insertion of brachioradialis

A

styloid process of the radius

75
Q

function of brachioradialis

A

flexor at the elbow

76
Q

function of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extensor

radial deviator

77
Q

insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

into the base of the 2nd metacarpal posteriorly

78
Q

insertion of extensor carpi radialis breviw

A

into the base of the 3rd metacarpal posteriorly

79
Q

contraction of which 3 muscles cause radial deviation

A

flexor carpi radialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis

80
Q

insertion of extensor digitorum

A

splits into 4 tendons - then divides into 3

  • middle - inserts into the base of the middle phalanx
  • lateral and medial - inserts into the base of the distal phalanx
81
Q

insertion of extensor digiti minimi

A

5th finger

82
Q

insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

base of the 5th metacarpal

83
Q

function of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extension of the wrist

ulnar deviation

84
Q

what happens when extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris act together

A

only ulnar deviation

85
Q

insertion of abductor pollicus longus

A

base of the 1st metacarpal

86
Q

insertion of extensor pollicis brevis

A

inserts into base of proximal phalanx of the thumb

87
Q

insertion of extensor pollicis longus

A

goes beneath carpal tunnel and then diverts back to thumb and inserts into the base of the distal phalanx

88
Q

which two tendons make up the anatomical snuff box

A

extensor pollicus brevis and extensor pollicis longus

89
Q

what forms the floor of the anatomical snuff box?

A

scaphoid

90
Q

which artery runs through the anatomical snuff box

A

radial artery

91
Q

what are the 3 other random muscles on the posterior forearm

A

aconeus
extensor indicis
supinator

92
Q

explain the route of apconeus

A

tends from posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle to posterior aspect of ulnar

93
Q

what is the route of extensor indicis

A

runs to the index finger

94
Q

route of supinator

A

encircles the proximal shaft of the radius

95
Q

explain the anatomy of the extensor retinaculum

A

series of vertical septa that divide the passage for the tendons of the forearm muscles towards the dorsum of the hand into 6 compartments

Z MD1 upper limb anatomy (8 decks)

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