Muscles of shoulder, back, arm and forearm Flashcards
Latissimus dorsi
O: Medial creat of sacrum, iliac crest, spines of T6-L5
I: Intertubercular groove of humerus
A: Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus
N: Thoracodorsal nerve
Trapezius
O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
I: Spine of scapula, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
A: Depress, elevate, retract and lateral rotation of scapula
N: Accessory nerve
Levator scapulae
O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
I: Medial border of scapula, above the spine
A: Elevates, retract and medially rotate scapula
N: Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid minor
O: Spinous processes of C7 & T1
I: Medial border of scapula, at level of the spine
A: Elevate, retract & medially rotate scapula
N: Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid major
O: Spinous processes of T2-T5
I: Medial border of scapula, below level of spine
A: Elevate, retract and medially rotate scapula
N: Dorsal scapular nerve
Deltoid
O: Posterior deltoid- spine of scapula
Medial deltoid- acromion
Anterior deltoid- lateral 1/3 of clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: all abduct the shoulder, posterior fibers laterally rotate and extend, anterior fibers medially rotate and flex humerus
N: Axillary nerve
Supraspinatus
O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Abducts humerus (with deltoid)
N: Suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle
A: Laterally rotates humerus
N: Suprascapular nerve
Teres minor
O: Lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Laterally rotates humerus
N: Axillary nerve
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle
A: Medially rotates scapula
N: Upper & lower subscapular nerve
Teres major
O: Lateral border of scapula
I: Intertubercular groove
A: Adduct, medially rotate and extend humerus
N: Lower subscapular nerve
Pectoralis major
O: Medial 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages
I: Bicipital groove (humerus)
A: Medially rotate, adduct, flex the humerus
N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve
Pectoralis minor
O: Ribs 3, 4, 5
I: Coracoid process of scapula
A: Depresses, protracts & medially rotates scapula
N: Medial pectoral nerve
Subclavius
O: 1st costal cartilage
I: Inferior groove of clavicle
A: Depresses and stabilizes clavicle
N: Nerve to subclavius
Serratus anterior
O: Upper 8 ribs
I: Vertebral (medial) border of scapula
A: Protracts, laterally rotates the scapula
N: Long thoracic nerve
Biceps brachii
O: Long head- supraglenoid tubercle
Short head- coracoid process
I: Radial ruberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
A: Flexes & supinates forearm, pronates a little
N: Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
O: Lower 1/2 of humerus
I: Coronoid process of ulna
A: Flex forearm
N: Musculocutaneous & radial nerves
Coracobrachialis
O: Coracoid process of ulna
I: Middle 1/3 of humerus
A: Flex and adduct arm
N: Musculocutaneous nerve
Triceps
O: Lateral head- posterior humerus (superior/lateral to radial groove)
Long head- infraglenoid tubercle
Medial head- posterior humerus (inferior/medial to radial groove)
I: Olecranon process of ulna
A: Extend arm and forearm
N: Radial nerve
Anterior, superficial group
Pronator teres
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Anterior, intermediate group
Flexor digitorum superificialis
Anterior, deep layer
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
O: Common flexor origin
I: Radius
A: Pronates forearm
N: Median nerve
Palmaris longus
O: Common flexor origin
I: Palmar aponeurosis
A: Flexes and tenses palmar aponeurosis
N: Median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis
O: Common flexor origin
I: Metacarpals 2, 3
A: Flexes and radially deviates wrist
N: Median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: Common flexor origin
I: Metacarpal 5
A: Flexes and ulnar deviates wrist
N: Ulnar nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: Common flexor origin
I: Middle phalanges of 4 fingers
A: Flexes fingers
N: Median nerve
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: Radius and ulna
I: Distal phalanges
A: Flexes distal phalanges 4 & 5
N: Median nerve to radial half, ulnar nerve to ulnar half
Flexor pollicis longus
O: Common flexor origin
I: Distal phalanx of thumb
A: Flexes phalanges of 1st digit
N: Median nerve
Pronator quadratus
O: Medial, anterior surface of ulna
I: Lateral, anterior surface of radius
A: Pronates forearm
N: Median nerve
Posterior, superficial group
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris
Posterior, deep group
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Brachioradialis
O: Common extensor origin or (lateral) supracondylar ridge
I: Radius
A: Flexes elbow and maintains half pronated position
N: Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: Common extensor origin or (lateral) supracondylar ridge
I: Metacarpals 2, 3
A: Extend and radially deviates wrist
N: Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: Common extensor origin or (lateral) supracondylar ridge
I: Metacarpals 2, 3
A: Extend and radially deviates wrist
N: Radial nerve
Extensor digitorum
O: Common extensor origin or (lateral) supracondylar ridge
I: Extensor expansions over middle and distal phalanges
A: Extends fingers
N: Radial nerve
Extensor digiti minimi
O: Common extensor origin or (lateral) supracondylar ridge
I: Extensor expansions over middle and distal phalanges
A: Extends fingers
N: Radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: Common extensor origin or (lateral) supracondylar ridge
I: Metacarpal 5
A: Extend wrist and ulnar deviates
N: Radial nerve
Supinator
O: Supinator crest of ulna, lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments
I: Lateral surface of proximal radius
A: Supinates forearm
N: Radial nerve
Abductor pollicis longus
O: Posterior surface of middle third of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
I: Base of first metacarpal (thumb)
A: Abducts and extends thumb, abducts the wrist
N: Radial nerve
Extensor pollicis longus
O: Proximal surface of middle third ulna and interosseus membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: Extends distal phalanx of thumb
N: Radial nerve
Extensor pollicis brevis
O: Posterior surface of radius & interosseus membrane
I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb
N: Radial nerve
Extensor indicis
O: Proximal surface of ulna and interosseus membrane
I: Extensor expansion of second digit
A: Extends 2nd digit, helps extend hand at wrist
N: Radial nerve
Anatomical snuffbox
Space between tendons of extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
