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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Head & Neck > Flashcards

Head & Neck Flashcards

0
Q

Neurocranium bones?

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • temporal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
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1
Q

How many bones in the skull? How many ‘associated’ bones?

A

-22 bones in the skull, 7 associated bones

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2
Q

Viscerocranium bones?

A

-mandible
-maxilla
-zygoma
-vomer
-lacrimal
-nasal
-palatine
inferior nasal concha

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3
Q

Calvaria (cranial vault) made up of?

A
  • frontal, parietal & occipital bones
  • bones formed by intramembranous ossificiation
  • convex shape resists impact
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4
Q

What are fontanelles for?

A
  • allow for passage of head through birth canal & accommodate growth of brain
  • cranial bones do not articulate in the newborn
  • soft spots (fontanelles)= membrane covered parts of the skull where sutures form, usually exist until about 7-19 months
  • bulging or tense fontanelles may= increased intracranial P
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5
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

A

-anterior, middle, posterior

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6
Q

What is the anterior fossa?

A

-anterior: frontal bone, crista galli & cribiform plate of ethmoid & lesser wings of sphenoid; contains frontal lobe & CN#1

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7
Q

What is the posterior fossa?

A

-posterior: sphenoid, temporal & occipital bones; contains occipital lobe, cerebellum, brainstem; number of ‘holes’ namely foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen & internal auditory meatus

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8
Q

What is the middle fossa?

A

-middle: sphenoid & temporal bones; contains sella tursica, chiasmic groove, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum & cavernous sinus; structures provide for pituitary, optic chiasm, optic n., internal carotid artery & CNs III, IV, V1, V2 & VI; temporal lob of brains rests in middle fossa

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9
Q

Where can sinuses be found?

A
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • maxilla
  • frontal
  • temporal (mastoid air cells)
  • all are potential sites of infection
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10
Q

What does the mandible articulate with?

A
  • temporal bones at the tempomandibular joint

- 1/5 of facial injuries involve mandibular fracture

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11
Q

What does the mandible hold? What n. are the gums and teeth innervated by?

A
  • holds lower row of teeth in gomphosis joint at alveolar processes
  • gums/teeth innervated by inferior alveolar n.
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12
Q

Temporomandibular joint is what kind of joint? Between what? Innervated by what n.?

A
  • synovial jt with an articular disc
  • articulation is b/w condylar portion of the mandible & mandibular fossa & articular tubercle of temporal bone
  • innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal n.
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13
Q

Hyoid bone is what kind of bone? Suspended from what? Attachment point for what?

A
  • U-shaped bone
  • suspended from temporal bone by stylohyoid ligaments from styloid processes of temporal bones
  • has a body, 2 lesser cornua, & 2 greater cornua
  • only bone in the human body that does not articulate with any other bone
  • attachment point for muscles responsible for speech & swallowing
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14
Q

The bony orbit is made up of what bones?

A
  • frontal
  • maxillary
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • lacrimal
  • zygomatic
  • palantine
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15
Q

Nostrils open up into the?

A

nasal cavity

16
Q

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity has?

A

bumpy projections, conchae (turbinates)

17
Q

The names of the conchae?

A

-superior, middle & inferior conchae

18
Q

Superior & middle are made up of what bones? Inferior?

A
  • superior and middle conchae are part of the ethmoid bone

- inferior conchae are individual bones

19
Q

Roof of the nasal cavity contains receptors from what nerve?

A

Olfactory n.

20
Q

Nostrils separated by?

A

nasal septum, which consists of perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer, & cartilage; all covered w/mucosa

21
Q

What are the conchae for?

A

warm & filter inhaled air, mucosa serves immune function by trapping foreign particles & exposing them to Ag presenting cells

22
Q

What are the sutures?

A
  • fibrous joints b/w bones of the skull
  • coronal: b/w frontal & parietal
  • sagittal: b/w parietals
  • lambdoidal: b/w parietal & occiput
  • squamosal: b/w parietal & temporal
  • bregma: jxn of corona & sagittal sutures
  • lambda: jxn b/w lambdoidal & sagittal structures
  • pterion: jxn of frontal, parietal, temporal & sphenoid bones
  • sutural ligs connect the cranial bones that are the remaining, unossified sheets of mesenchyme from intramembranous ossification
23
Q

Muscles of facial expression?

A
  • sphincter muscles: orbicularis oculi, orbicularis ori
  • all other muscles may be considered dilator muscles
  • innervated by facial n. (CN VII)
24
Q

Muscles of mastication?

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
  • all innervated by trigeminal n. (CN V)
  • movements of the jaw: elevation, depression, protraction, retraction
25
Q

Medial ptygoid does what?

A

elevation & protrusion

26
Q

Lateral ptygoid does what?

A

depression & protrusion

27
Q

Temporalis does what?

A

elevation & retraction

28
Q

Masseter does what?

A

elevation & protraction

29
Q

What are the two divisions of the anterior neck?

A

anterior & posterior triangles

30
Q

What borders the anterior triangle?

A

sternocleidomastoid, inferior border of the mandible & anterior midline of the neck

31
Q

What borders the posterior triangle?

A

sternocleidomastoid, clavicle & trapezius

32
Q

Muscles of deglutition/speech & nerve?

A
  • digastric, anterior belly (trigeminal)
  • digastric, posterior belly (facial)
  • mylohyoid (trigeminal)
  • sternohyoid (ansa cervicalis)
  • omohyoid (ansa cervicalis)
  • cricothyroid (vagus)
  • thyrohyoid (1st cervical n., via hypoglossal)
  • sternothyroid (ansa cervicalis)
33
Q

The facial nerve exits where and branches into? What does it provide innervation to?

A
  • Exits skull via stylomastoid foramen
  • branches into 5 divisions: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular & cervical
  • provides motor innervation to muscles of facial expression
34
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve provide innervation to? What are the 3 branches?

A
  • sensory innervation to face
  • 3 branches, each provides sensation to a separate region of the face
  • ophtalmic division (V1), maxillary division (V2) & mandibular division (V3)
35
Q

What artery supplies the face with blood? Where does it arise from?

A
  • the facial artery
  • arises from external carotid artery & travels superiorly around lower border of the mandible towards midline of the face
  • superficial temporal artery also arises from external carotid artery ascending to the mandible but anterior to the ear
36
Q

Where does the facial vein begin & where does it go?

A

Just under the bony orbit, descends obliquely towards inferiolateral border of the mandible

37
Q

Where does the facial vein drain to? And what other vein does it communicate with?

A
  • drains to internal jugular vein
  • communicates with superior ophthalmic vein & thus deeper into the cavernous sinus
  • possible route of infection from face to cranial dural sinus
38
Q

Lymphatics of the face follow what? Can you normally palpate?

A
  • the major bvs in this area as they drain inferiorly towards the heart
  • not normally palpable but may be enlarged in infection or inflammatory states

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (9 decks)

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