Muscles of respiratory system exam 1

Question 1

primary inspiratory muscle

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

diaphragm

Answer 2

Origin: sternal head. Xiphoid process of the sternum; costal head. the inferior margin of the rib cage (7 through 12); vertebral head. the corpus of L1 and the transverse processes of L1 and L5
Insertion: central tendon and diaphragm
Innervation: phrenic nerve arising from cervical plexus of spinal nerves C1-C4
Function: depresses central tendon of diaphragm, enlarges vertical dimension of thorax, distends abdomen

Question 3

accessory thoracic muscles of inspiration

Answer 3

external intercostal, internal intercostal, elevator costarum brevis, levator costarum longis, serratus posterior superior,

Question 4

external intercostal

Answer 4

Origin: interior surface of ribs 1 - 11
Insertion: upper surface of rib immediately below
Innervation: intercostal nerves - thoracic intercostal nerves arising from T1 - T6 and thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves from T7 - T11
Function: elevates ribs

Question 5

internal intercostal

Answer 5

Origin: superior margin of ribs 1 - 11
Insertion: inferior surface of the rib below
Innervation: thoracic intercostal nerves arising from T1-T6 and thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves from T7-T11
Function: elevate ribs 1 - 11

Question 6

levator costarum brevis

Answer 6

Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae C7-T11
Insertion: tubercle of the rib below
Innervation: dorsal rami (branches) of the intercostal nerves arising from spinal nerves C7-T11
Function: elevates rib cage

Question 7

levator costarum longis

Answer 7

Origin: transverse processes of C7-T11
Insertion: bypasses and rib below the point of origin, inserting instead into the next rib
Innervation: dorsal rami (branches) of the intercostal nerves arising from spinal nerves C7-T11
Function: elevates rib cage

Question 8

serrates posterior superior

Answer 8

Origin: spinous processes of C7 and T1-T3
Insertion: just beyond the angles of ribs 2-5
Innervation: ventral intercostal portion of spinal nerves T1-T4 or T5
Function: elevates ribs 2-5

Question 9

accessory muscles of neck

Answer 9

sternocleidomastoid, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, scalenus posterior

Question 10

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 10

Origin: mastoid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: sternal head: superior manubrium sterni; clavicular head: clavicle
Innervation: XI accessory, spinal branch arising from the spinal cord in the regions of C2 through C4 and C5
Function: elevates sternum and rib cage

Question 11

scalenus anterior

Answer 11

Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6
Insertion: superior surface of rib 1
Innervation: C4-C6
Function: elevates rib 1

Question 12

scalenus medius

Answer 12

Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7
Insertion: superior surface of rib 1
Innervation: cervical plexus derived from C3and C4 and spinal nerves C5-C8
Function: elevates rib 1

Question 13

scalenus posterior

Answer 13

Origin: transverse processes of C5-C7
Insertion: second rib
Innervation: spinal nerves C5-C8
Function: elevates rib 2

Question 14

muscles of upper arm and shoulder

Answer 14

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serrates anterior, subclavius, levator scapulae, rhomboideus major, rhomboideus minor, trapezius

Question 15

pectoralis major

Answer 15

Origin: sternal head: length of the sternum at costal cartilages; clavicular head: anterior clavicle
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation: superior branch brachial plexus (spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1)
Function: elevates sternum, and subsequently increases transverse dimension of rib cage

Question 16

pectoralis minor

Answer 16

Origin: anterior surface of ribs 2-5 near the chondral margin
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: superior branch of the brachial plexus (spinal nerves C5-C7 and T1)
Function: increases the transverse dimension of the rib cage

Question 17

serratus anterior

Answer 17

Origin: ribs 1-9, lateral surface of the thorax
Insertion: inner vertebral border of scapula
Innervation: brachial plexus, long thoracic nerve from C5-C7
Function: elevates ribs 1-9

Question 18

subclavius

Answer 18

Origin: inferior surface of the clavicle
Insertion: superior surface of rib 1 at chondral margin
Innervation: brachial plexus, lateral branch, from 5th and 6th spinal nerves
Function: elevates rib 1

Question 19

levator scapulae

Answer 19

Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervation: C3-C5
Function: neck support, elevates scapula

Question 20

rhomboideus major

Answer 20

Origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
Insertion: scapula
Innervation: spinal C5 from the dorsal scapular nerve of upper root of brachial plexus
Function: spinal C5 from the dorsal scapular nerve of upper root of brachial plexus. Stabilizes shoulder girdle.

Question 21

rhomboideus minor

Answer 21

Origin: spinous processes of C7-T1
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervation: spinal C5 from the dorsal scapular nerve of upper root of brachial plexus
Function: stabilizes shoulder girdle

Question 22

trapezius

Answer 22

Origin: spinous processes of C2-T12
Insertion: acromion of scapula and superior surface of clavicle
Innervation: XI accessory, spinal branch arising from spinal cord in the regions of C2 through C4 and C5
Function: elongates neck, controls head

Question 23

thoracic muscles of expiration

Answer 23

internal intercostal, innermost intercostal, transversus thoracis

Question 24

internal intercostal

Answer 24

Origin: superior margin of ribs 1-11
Insertion: inferior surface of rib above
Innervation: intercostal nerves
Function: depresses ribs 1-11

Question 25

innermost intercostal

Answer 25

Origin: superior margin of ribs 1-11, sparse or absent in superior thorax Insertion: inferior surface of rib above Innervation: intercostal nerves Function: depresses ribs 1-11

Question 26

transversus thoracis

Answer 26

Origin: inner thoracic lateral margin of the sternum Insertion: inner chondral surface of ribs 2-6 Innervation: thoracic intercostal nerves and thoacoabdominal intercostal nerves and subcostal nerves derived from T2-T6 spinal nerves Function: depresses rib cage

Question 27

posterior thoracic muscles

Answer 27

subcostal, serratus posterior inferior

Question 28

subcostal

Answer 28

Origin: inner posterior thorax; sparse in the upper thorax; from inner surface of rib near angle Insertion: inner surface of second or third rib below Innervation: intercostal nerves of thorax Function: depresses thorax

Question 29

serratus posterior inferior

Answer 29

Origin: spinous processes of T11, T12, L1-L3 Insertion: lower margin of ribs 7-12 Innervation: intercostal nerves Function: contraction tends to pull rib cage down. supporting expiratory effort

Question 30

abdominal muscles of expiration

Answer 30

transversus abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, external oblique abdominis, rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum

Question 31

transversus abdominis

Answer 31

Origin: posterior abd. wall at the vertebral column via the thoracolumbar fascia of the abd. aponeurosis Insertion: transverses abdominis aponeurosis and inner surface of ribs 6-12, inferior most attachment at pubis Innervation: thoracic and lumbar nerves from the lower spinal intercostal nerves Function: compresses abdomen

Question 32

internal oblique abdominis

Answer 32

Origin: inguinal ligament and iliac crest Insertion: cartilaginous portion of lower ribs and the portion of the abd. aponeurosis lateral to the rectus abdominis Innervation: thoracic and lumbar nerves from the lower spinal intercostal nerves Function: rotates trunk, flexes trunk, compresses abdomen

Question 33

external oblique abdominis

Answer 33

Origin: osseous portion of the lower 7 ribs Insertion: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and abdominal aponeurosis lateral to the rectus abdominis Innervation: thoracoabdominal nerve arising from T7-T11 and subcostal nerve Function: bilateral contraction flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen; unilateral contraction results in trunk rotation

Question 34

rectus abdominis

Answer 34

Origin: originates as 4 or 5 segments at pubis inferiorly Insertion: Xiphoid process of sternum Innervation: intercostal and subcostal nerves Function: flexion of vertebral column

Question 35

quadrates lumborum

Answer 35

Origin: iliac crest Insertion: transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and inferior border of rib 12 Innervation: thoracic nerve and lumbar nerve Function: bilateral contraction fixes the abdominal wall in support of abdominal compression

Question 36

latissimus dorsi

Answer 36

Origin: lumbar, sacral and lower thoracic vertebrae Insertion: humerus Innervation: brachial plexus, posterior branch Function: for respiration, stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration