Exam 1 Ch. 1 Flashcards
1
Q
descriptive anatomy
A
the description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease conditions
2
Q
gross anatomy
A
study of the body and its parts as visible without the aid of microscopy
3
Q
microscopic anatomy
A
study of structure of the body by means of microscopy
4
Q
developmental anatomy
A
study of anatomy with reference to growth and development from birth
5
Q
pathological anatomy
A
study of the parts of the body with respect to the pathological entity
6
Q
neurology
A
study of the diseases of the nervous system
7
Q
physiology
A
study of body functions
8
Q
anatomical position
A
erect body, with palms, arms, and hands facing forward
9
Q
supine
A
body in horizontal position face up
10
Q
prone
A
body in horizontal position face down
11
Q
anterior
A
in front of
12
Q
ventral
A
pertaining to the belly or anterior surface
13
Q
posterior
A
behind of or in the back
14
Q
dorsal
A
pertaining to the back of the body
15
Q
superior
A
above
16
Q
inferior
A
below
17
Q
cranial
A
toward the head
18
Q
caudal
A
toward the tail or coccyx
19
Q
deep
A
farther from the surface
20
Q
external
A
on the outside
21
Q
internal
A
on the inside
22
Q
proximal
A
closer to the point of attachment
23
Q
distal
A
farther from the point of attachment
24
Q
medial
A
toward the midline
25
lateral
toward the side
26
superficial
on the surface
27
central
relative to the center of a structure
28
peripheral
relative to the periphery or away from
29
abduct
away from
30
adduct
towards
31
flexion
the act of bending, often upon the ventral surfaces
32
extension
straightening or moving out of the flexed position
33
palmar
pertaining to the palm of the hand
34
plantar
pertaining to the sole of the foot
35
sagittal
cutting down body into left and right halves
36
coronal
cutting from head into front and back sides
37
transverse
cutting body into top and bottom halves
38
midsaggital
cutting down the midline
39
thorax
the part of the body between the diaphragm and the seventh cervical vertebrae
40
trunk
the body excluding the head and limbs
41
upper extremity
the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
42
abdomen
region of the body between the thorax and pelvis
43
appendicular skeleton
the skeleton including upper and lower extremities
44
axial skeleton
portion of the skeleton including the trunk, head, and neck
45
cranial
toward the head
46
dorsal trunk
the region commonly referred to as the back of the body
47
lower extremity
portion of the body made up of the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
48
pelvis
area formed by the sacrum, coccyx, and innominate bones of the body
49
basic anatomical organization
cells, tissues, organs, systems
50
tissues
epithelial and connective
51
epithelial
the outer layer of mucous membranes and the cells constituting the skin, as well as the linings of major body cavities and all of the tubes that pass into, out of, and through the body
52
connective tissue
tissue made for complex and specialized purposes of support, protection, and connection
53
Epithelial tissue examples
squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated. stratified, transitional
54
connective tissue examples
areolar, adipose, white fibrous, yellow elastic, lymphoid, cartilage, blood, bone
55
muscular tissue
striated, smooth, cardiac
56
nervous
neurons, glial cells
57
ligaments
bind bone to bone
58
tendons
bind muscle to bone
59
fascia
surrounds organs, being a sheet-like membrane
60
areolar tissue
loose connective tissue found between muscles and organs
61
bone
hardest of the connective tissues
62
agonist muscle
muscle contracted for purpose of a specific motor act
63
antagonist
a muscle that opposes the contraction of another muscle
64
prime mover
agonist, this is the muscle responsible for the primary or desire movement
65
origin
attachment site that doesn't move during contraction
66
insertion
attachment site that does move during contraction
67
systems in speech
respiratory, phonatory, resonatory/articulatory, nervous
68
respiratory system
the physical system involved in respiration, including the lungs, bronchial passageway, trachea larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity
69
phonatory system
the system including the laryngeal structures through which phonation is achieved
70
articulatory system
the system of structures involved in shaping the oral cavity for production of the sounds of speech
71
resonatory system
portion of the vocal tract through which the acoustical production of vocal fold vibration resonates (usually the oral, pharyngeal, and nasal cavities combined)
72
nervous system
the system of nervous tissue, comprising of the central and peripheral nervous systems
73
cranial nerves
peripheral nervous system components arising from the brain stem that innervate primarily structures associated with speech and hearing
74
V. Trigeminal nerve
1. mixed nerve
| 2. sense of touch for the face, and controls many muscles for chewing
75
VII. Facial nerve
1. mixed nerve
2. motor activation of the muscles of the face and the lacrimal (tearing), sublingual and submandibular (salivary glands). The sensory component includes body sense of the ear canal and skin of the outer ear, as well as tase for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
76
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve
1. Afferent nerve (sensory)
2. also called the auditory nerve because it mediates the sense of sound from the cochlea to the brain stem. Transmits info from the vestibular mechanism of the inner ear.
77
IX. Glosspharyngeal nerve
1. mixed nerve
2. sense of taste, 1/3 of tongue, upper airway, ear, and swallow/gag reflexes
3. constrict upper airway for swallowing and elevation of the pharynx
78
X. Vagus nerve
1. mixed nerve
2. almost all of the musculature of the larynx, muscles for pitch and changing in voice
3. sensation for pharynx, larynx trachea, esophagus, thorax, and abdomen. Even taste as well.
79
XI. Accessory nerve
1. efferent nerve
| 2. intrinsic muscles of the larynx, and muscles associated with respiration
80
XII. Hypoglossal nerve
1. efferent nerve
| 2. controls all muscles of the tongue
81
central nervous system
cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, brain stem, and spinal cord
82
peripheral nervous system
portion of the nervous system serving the peripheral body
