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A&P of the Speech and Hearing Mechanism > Exam 1 Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

descriptive anatomy

A

the description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease conditions

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2
Q

gross anatomy

A

study of the body and its parts as visible without the aid of microscopy

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3
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

study of structure of the body by means of microscopy

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4
Q

developmental anatomy

A

study of anatomy with reference to growth and development from birth

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5
Q

pathological anatomy

A

study of the parts of the body with respect to the pathological entity

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6
Q

neurology

A

study of the diseases of the nervous system

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7
Q

physiology

A

study of body functions

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8
Q

anatomical position

A

erect body, with palms, arms, and hands facing forward

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9
Q

supine

A

body in horizontal position face up

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10
Q

prone

A

body in horizontal position face down

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11
Q

anterior

A

in front of

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12
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the belly or anterior surface

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13
Q

posterior

A

behind of or in the back

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14
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back of the body

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15
Q

superior

A

above

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16
Q

inferior

A

below

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17
Q

cranial

A

toward the head

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18
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail or coccyx

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19
Q

deep

A

farther from the surface

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20
Q

external

A

on the outside

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21
Q

internal

A

on the inside

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22
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment

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23
Q

distal

A

farther from the point of attachment

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24
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

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25
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

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26
Q

superficial

A

on the surface

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27
Q

central

A

relative to the center of a structure

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28
Q

peripheral

A

relative to the periphery or away from

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29
Q

abduct

A

away from

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30
Q

adduct

A

towards

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31
Q

flexion

A

the act of bending, often upon the ventral surfaces

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32
Q

extension

A

straightening or moving out of the flexed position

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33
Q

palmar

A

pertaining to the palm of the hand

34
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole of the foot

35
Q

sagittal

A

cutting down body into left and right halves

36
Q

coronal

A

cutting from head into front and back sides

37
Q

transverse

A

cutting body into top and bottom halves

38
Q

midsaggital

A

cutting down the midline

39
Q

thorax

A

the part of the body between the diaphragm and the seventh cervical vertebrae

40
Q

trunk

A

the body excluding the head and limbs

41
Q

upper extremity

A

the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand

42
Q

abdomen

A

region of the body between the thorax and pelvis

43
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

the skeleton including upper and lower extremities

44
Q

axial skeleton

A

portion of the skeleton including the trunk, head, and neck

45
Q

cranial

A

toward the head

46
Q

dorsal trunk

A

the region commonly referred to as the back of the body

47
Q

lower extremity

A

portion of the body made up of the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot

48
Q

pelvis

A

area formed by the sacrum, coccyx, and innominate bones of the body

49
Q

basic anatomical organization

A

cells, tissues, organs, systems

50
Q

tissues

A

epithelial and connective

51
Q

epithelial

A

the outer layer of mucous membranes and the cells constituting the skin, as well as the linings of major body cavities and all of the tubes that pass into, out of, and through the body

52
Q

connective tissue

A

tissue made for complex and specialized purposes of support, protection, and connection

53
Q

Epithelial tissue examples

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated. stratified, transitional

54
Q

connective tissue examples

A

areolar, adipose, white fibrous, yellow elastic, lymphoid, cartilage, blood, bone

55
Q

muscular tissue

A

striated, smooth, cardiac

56
Q

nervous

A

neurons, glial cells

57
Q

ligaments

A

bind bone to bone

58
Q

tendons

A

bind muscle to bone

59
Q

fascia

A

surrounds organs, being a sheet-like membrane

60
Q

areolar tissue

A

loose connective tissue found between muscles and organs

61
Q

bone

A

hardest of the connective tissues

62
Q

agonist muscle

A

muscle contracted for purpose of a specific motor act

63
Q

antagonist

A

a muscle that opposes the contraction of another muscle

64
Q

prime mover

A

agonist, this is the muscle responsible for the primary or desire movement

65
Q

origin

A

attachment site that doesn’t move during contraction

66
Q

insertion

A

attachment site that does move during contraction

67
Q

systems in speech

A

respiratory, phonatory, resonatory/articulatory, nervous

68
Q

respiratory system

A

the physical system involved in respiration, including the lungs, bronchial passageway, trachea larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity

69
Q

phonatory system

A

the system including the laryngeal structures through which phonation is achieved

70
Q

articulatory system

A

the system of structures involved in shaping the oral cavity for production of the sounds of speech

71
Q

resonatory system

A

portion of the vocal tract through which the acoustical production of vocal fold vibration resonates (usually the oral, pharyngeal, and nasal cavities combined)

72
Q

nervous system

A

the system of nervous tissue, comprising of the central and peripheral nervous systems

73
Q

cranial nerves

A

peripheral nervous system components arising from the brain stem that innervate primarily structures associated with speech and hearing

74
Q

V. Trigeminal nerve

A
  1. mixed nerve

2. sense of touch for the face, and controls many muscles for chewing

75
Q

VII. Facial nerve

A
  1. mixed nerve
  2. motor activation of the muscles of the face and the lacrimal (tearing), sublingual and submandibular (salivary glands). The sensory component includes body sense of the ear canal and skin of the outer ear, as well as tase for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
76
Q

VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve

A
  1. Afferent nerve (sensory)
  2. also called the auditory nerve because it mediates the sense of sound from the cochlea to the brain stem. Transmits info from the vestibular mechanism of the inner ear.
77
Q

IX. Glosspharyngeal nerve

A
  1. mixed nerve
  2. sense of taste, 1/3 of tongue, upper airway, ear, and swallow/gag reflexes
  3. constrict upper airway for swallowing and elevation of the pharynx
78
Q

X. Vagus nerve

A
  1. mixed nerve
  2. almost all of the musculature of the larynx, muscles for pitch and changing in voice
  3. sensation for pharynx, larynx trachea, esophagus, thorax, and abdomen. Even taste as well.
79
Q

XI. Accessory nerve

A
  1. efferent nerve

2. intrinsic muscles of the larynx, and muscles associated with respiration

80
Q

XII. Hypoglossal nerve

A
  1. efferent nerve

2. controls all muscles of the tongue

81
Q

central nervous system

A

cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, brain stem, and spinal cord

82
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

portion of the nervous system serving the peripheral body

A&P of the Speech and Hearing Mechanism (4 decks)

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