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Occlusion > Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal bones (3)

A

maxilla
mandible
temporal bone

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2
Q

how many maxillary bones?

A

2

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3
Q

2 maxillary bones are fused together at the

A

mid palatal suture

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4
Q

superior border

A

floor of the nasal cavity and orbit

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5
Q

inferior border

A

palate and alveolar ridge

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6
Q

components of the maxilla

A

body

processes

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7
Q

maxilla processes (4)

A

zygomatic
frontal
alveolar
palatine

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8
Q

largest and strongest bone on the skull

A

mandible

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9
Q

components of the mandible (2)

A

body

ramus

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10
Q

superior aspect of the mandible

A

alveolar crest and teeth

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11
Q

body (posterior aspect) of the mandible (4)

A

mandibular angle
ascending ramus
-coronoid process
-condyle

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12
Q

what does the condyle articulate with

A

the cranium

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13
Q

condyle poles

A

medial and lateral

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14
Q

mediolateral length of the condyle

A

15-20 mm

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15
Q

anterior-posterior width of condyle

A

8-10 mm

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16
Q

squamous portion of the temporal bone articulates with the

A

mandibular condyle

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17
Q

temporal bone contains the — fossa

A

articular or glenoid fossa

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18
Q

articular eminence

A

thick dense bone to tolerate heavy forces

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19
Q

two heads of masseter

A

superficial: fibers run downward and backward
deep: fibers run in a vertical direction

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20
Q

masseter origin

A

zygomatic arch

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21
Q

masseter insertion

A

lateral surface of ramus and angle of the mandible

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22
Q

masseter function (4)

A

elevates the mandible
powerful muscle providing the force for chewing
superficial head: aids in protrusion
deep head: stabilizes the condyle against the eminence

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23
Q

masseter blood supply

A

a muscular branch of the maxillary artery

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24
Q

massester nerve supply

A

masseteric nerve of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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25
Q

temporalis divisions (3)

A

anterior: vertical directed fibers
middle: fibers run obliquely across lateral aspect of the skull
posterior: horizontal fibers come forward above the ear to join other temporals fibers

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26
Q

temporalis origin

A

temporal fossa and lateral surface of the skull

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27
Q

temporalis insertion

A

coronoid process and anterior border of ascending ramps

28
Q

temporalis action (3)

A

anterior: mandible is raised vertically
middle: elevates and retrudes the mandible
posterior: aids in retrusion of the mandible

29
Q

temporalis blood supply

A

a muscular branch of the maxillary artery

30
Q

temporalis nerve supply

A

deep temporal nerve of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

31
Q

lateral (external) pterygoid heads (2)

A

superior lateral pterygoid

inferior lateral pterygoid

32
Q

superior lateral pterygoid and inferior lateral pterygoid are almost

A

2 separate muscles

33
Q

inferior lateral pterygoid origin

A

outer surface of lateral pterygoid plate

34
Q

inferior lateral pterygoid insertion

A

neck of condyle

35
Q

inferior lateral pterygoid extends (3)

A

backward
upward
outward

36
Q

inferior lateral pterygoid actions (2)

A

bilateral contraction: causes the condyles to be pulled down the articular eminences and the mandible is protruded

unilateral contraction: causes mediotrusive movement (downward, forward, medially)

37
Q

smallest of the two bellies

A

superior lateral pterygoid

38
Q

superior lateral pterygoid origin

A

infra temporal surface of the greater sphenoid wing

39
Q

superior lateral pterygoid insertion

A

disk, capsule, and neck of the condyle

40
Q

superior lateral pterygoid action (3)

A

inactive during mandibular opening
active only with elevator muscles (closure of the mandible)
power stroke

41
Q

power stroke

A

this muscle is active during mandibular closure against resistance (chewing or clenching)

42
Q

lateral pterygoid blood supply

A

a muscular branch of the maxillary artery

43
Q

lateral pterygoid nerve supply

A

a branch of the masseteric or buccal nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

44
Q

medial internal pterygoid origin

A

pterygoid fossa

45
Q

medial internal pterygoid insertion

A

medial surface of the mandibular angle

46
Q

medial internal pterygoid function (3)

A

elevates the mandible
protrudes the mandible
unilateral contraction

47
Q

medial internal pterygoid function results in

A

mediotrusion

48
Q

medial internal pterygoid blood supply

A

a muscular branch of the maxillary artery

49
Q

medial internal pterygoid nerve supply

A

a motor branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve which reaches the posterior borer of the muscle near the base of the skull

50
Q

masseter sling (2)

A

masseter

medial pterygoid

51
Q

supra hyoids as a group (4)

A

geniogyoid
mylohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid

52
Q

supra hyoids function (2)

A

elevate hyoid bone

depress the mandible when hyoid bone is fixed

53
Q

geniohyoid origin

A

inferior genial tubercle on the inner surface of mandibular symphysis

54
Q

geniohyoid insertion

A

anterior surface of body of hyoid bone

55
Q

mylohyoid origin

A

line from last molar root to mandibular symphysis

56
Q

mylohyoid insertion

A

median raphe from chin to hyoid bone

57
Q

digastric bellies (2)

A

anterior

posterior

58
Q

digastric origin (2)

A

the posterior belly, longer than the anterior, arises from the mastoid process

the anterior belly arises from a depression on the inner side of the lower border of the mandible, close to the kyphosis

59
Q

digastric insertion

A

hyoid bone

60
Q

depression of the mandible:
contraction (2)
relaxation (3)

A

contraction:
inferior lateral pteryhoids
digastric

relaxation:
masseters
medial pterygoids
temporalis

61
Q

elevation of the mandible:
contraction (4)
relaxation (2)

A 
contraction:
masseters 
medial pterygoid 
temporalis 
superior lateral pterygoid

relaxation:
inferior lateral pterygoid
digastric

62
Q

right lateral movement:
contraction (1)
relaxation (2)

A

contraction:
left inferior lateral pterygoid

relaxation:
right inferior lateral pterygoid
slight relaxation of elevators

63
Q

left lateral movement:
contraction (1)
relaxation (2)

A

contraction:
right inferior lateral pterygoid

relaxation:
left inferior lateral pterygoid
slight relaxation of elevators

64
Q

protrusion

contraction:

A

inferior lateral pterygoids mainly

assisted by masters and medial pterygoids

65
Q

retrusion

contraction:

A

temporalis

Occlusion (15 decks)

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