Determinants of Occlusal Morphology Part 2

Question 1

HORIZONTAL FACTORS influence (2)

Answer 1

the direction of the ridges and grooves on the occlusal surfaces
the placement of the cusps

Question 2

THE MANDIBLE MOVES MEDIALLY:

i.e. right mediotrusion means that the right lateral condyle moves

Answer 2

medially (same as left lateral movement)

Question 3

the non working pathways are also called

Answer 3

mediotrusive pathways

Question 4

the mandible moves laterally:

i.e. right laterotrusion means that the right condyle moves

Answer 4

laterally (same as right lateral movement)

Question 5

THE WORKING PATHWAYS ALSO ARE CALLED

Answer 5

LATEROTRUSIVE PATHWAYS

Question 6

HORIZONTAL FACTORS (4)

Answer 6

distance from the rotating condyle
distance from the midsagital plane
amount of mandibular lateral translation
intercondylar width

Question 7

effect of distance of the tooth from the (2)

Answer 7

rotating condyle

midsagittal plane

Question 8

effect of (2)

Answer 8

mandibular lateral translation movement

intercondylar distance

Question 9

the greater the distance of the tooth from the rotating condyle,
the — the angle formed by the working and non-working
pathways.

Answer 9

wider

Same in the mandible and maxilla

Question 10

the greater the distance from the tooth from the midsagittal plane, the — the angle formed by the working and non working pathways

Answer 10

wider

same in mandible and maxilla

Question 11

Most of the times teeth that are closer to the midsagittal plane will be at

Answer 11

greater distance from the rotating condyle.

Question 12

Teeth that are positioned more anteriorly in the jaw (i.e. premolars)
tend to have greater angles between (2)
pathways compared to teeth that are positioned more posteriorly (i.e
molars).

Answer 12

mediotrusive and laterotusive

Question 13

The angle formed by the working and non-working pathways
increases as the amount of — increases.
The — of the lateral translation also influences the angle.
Same in the mandible and maxilla

Answer 13

lateral translation

direction

Question 14

The angle formed by the working and non-working pathways

— as the intercondylar distance —.

Answer 14

DECREASES

INCREASES

Question 15

another term for working interfering contacts is

Answer 15

laterotrusive contacts

Question 16

another term for non wokring interfering contacts is

Answer 16

mediotrusive contacts

Question 17

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE 
MASTICATORY SYSTEM (3)

Answer 17

mastication
swallowing
speech

Question 18

mastication (3)

Answer 18

initial stage of digestion rhythmic separation and closure of the teeth control of the central pattern generator
automatic/involuntary- can be controlled voluntarily

Question 19

chewing stroke

Answer 19

single condyle of opening and closing

Question 20

chewing stroke pattern

Answer 20

tear shaped pattern (frontal)

opening phase
closing phase
crushing phase, grinding phase

Question 21

chewing stroke begins and ends in

Answer 21

MIP

Question 22

tall cusps/deep fossae

-more — chewing stroke

Answer 22

more vertical

Question 23

most people have a preferred

Answer 23

chewing stroke

Question 24

— occur during mastication

Answer 24

tooth contacts

Question 25

increased frequency of contacts as food is broken down (2)

Answer 25

gliding contact (cuspal inclines)
single contacts (MIP contacts)

Question 26

average length of time of contact=

Answer 26

194 ms

Question 27

maximal biting forces:
foces vary (5)

Answer 27

male>female 
skeletal relationships and occlusion
race (eskimos +++)
anterior or posterior tooth
mastication or swallowing

Question 28

average max biting force

Answer 28

80-150 lbs (greatest was 975 lbs)

Question 29

forces less for

Answer 29

chewing )36% of max biting)

Question 30

dentures=

Answer 30

1/4 that of natural teeth

Question 31

swallowing definition

Answer 31

series of coordinated muscular contractions that move a bolus of food from the oral cavity through the esophagus to the stomach

Question 32

swallowing includes both (2) muscle activity

Answer 32

voluntary
involuntary
reflex

somatic/visceral swallow

Question 33

swallowing:

mandible stabilized by

Answer 33

tooth contacts (MIP)

Question 34

swallowing:

tooth contact=

Answer 34

683 ms

Question 35

swallowing:

lower levels of muscle activity if

Answer 35

MIP and CR are coincident

Question 36

swallowing:

swallow up to —x per day

Answer 36

700

Question 37

swallowing:
first stage (6)

Answer 37

voluntary control
bolus of food is created
lips are sealed
tip rests against hard palate behind incisors
teeth contact in MIP
reflex reaction in tongue pushes food posteriorly into pharynx

Question 38

swallowing: 
second stage (4)

Answer 38

food bolus in pharynx
contraction of pharyngeal constrictor muscles move food to esophagus (peristalsis)
soft palate rises and seals off the nasal passages (nasopharynx)= velopharyngeal seal
epiglottis seals off trachea

Question 39

swallowing:
third stage (2)

Answer 39

peristaltic waves move food into the stomach (6-7 s)

cardiac sphincter relaxes and good enters stomach

Question 40

speech:

Answer 40

controlled contraction and relaxation of the vocal cords as air moves through the larynx

Question 41

speech:

occurs during

Answer 41

expiration

Question 42

speech:

teeth contact during speech

Answer 42

teeth do not contact

use this fact to help determine a patients correct OVD