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Anatomy Flashcards > Muscles of lower extremity > Flashcards

Muscles of lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior iliac spine

Insertion: Tibia (proximal, medial surface, distal to tuberosity)

Actions: Flex, Abduction, Lateral rotation

Innervation: Femoral (L2, L3)

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2
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A

Origin: Iliac crest (posterior to ASIS)

Insertion: Iliotibial tract

Actions: Flexion, Abduction, Medial rotation

Innervation: Superior gluteal (L4-S1)

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3
Q

_Rectus femoris _

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Ilium (above acetabulum)

Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Actions: Extend leg, flex thigh

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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4
Q

_Vastus medialis _

A

Origin: Linea aspera (medial lip)

Lower intertrochanteric line

Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Actions: Extend leg

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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5
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: Linea aspera (lateral lip)

Lower intertrochanteric line

Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Actions: Extend leg

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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6
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin: Anterior/lateral surface femur

Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Actions: Extend leg

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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7
Q

Articularis genus

A

Origin: Femur (distal/anterior)

Insertion: Synovial membrane knee joint

Actions: Pull synovial membrane knee proximal during leg extension

Innervation: Femoral (L3, L4) nerve to vastus intermedius

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8
Q

Psoas major

A

Origin: Lumbar vertebrae (bodies/trvs)

Insertion: Lesser trochancter

Actions: Flex thigh, slight adduction

Innervation: L2-L4

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9
Q

Psoas minor

A

Origin: T12-L1

Insertion: Pubis (superior ramus)

Actions: Upward rotate pelvis

Innervation: L1-L2

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10
Q

_Iliacus _

A

Origin: Iliac fossa

Insertion: Lesser trochanter

Actions: Flex thigh, slight adduction

Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)

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11
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: Pubis (superior ramus)

Insertion: Distal lesser trochanter

Actions: Flexion/adduction thigh

Innervation: Femoral/obturator (L2,L3)

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12
Q

_Adductor longus _

A

Origin: Pubic tubercle

Insertion: Linea aspera (medial lip)

Actions: Adduction, Flexion

Innervation: Obturator (L2-3)

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13
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Inferior ramus pubis; ramus ischium

Insertion: Tibia (proximal, medial, distal to medial condlye)

Actions: Adduction, flex leg, medial rotate flexed knee

Innervation: Obturator (L2-3)

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14
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Pectineal line

Linea aspera (proximal part)

Actions: Adduction, flexion

Innervation: Obturator (L3-4) split into anterior/posterior

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15
Q

_Adductor magnus _

Anterior

Posterior

A

Origin: Inferior ramus pubis

Ramus and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Anterior=Linea aspera

Posterior=Adductor tubercle of medial condyle

Actions: Adduction

Anterior=Flexion

Posterior=Extension

Innervation: Anterior= Obturator (L3-4)

Posterior= Sciatic (L3-4)

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16
Q

Obturator externus

A

Origin: Obturator membrane, bone around obturator foramen

Insertion: Trochanteric fossa (medial aspect greater trochanter)

Actions: Lateral rotation

Innervation: Obturator (L3-4) -posterior branch

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17
Q

Obturator internus

A

Origin: Obturator membrane, bone around foramen internal surface pelvis

Insertion: Medial surface greater trochanter above fossa

Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)

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18
Q

Superior gemellus

A

Origin: Ischial spine

Insertion: Superior border obturator internus

Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)

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19
Q

Inferior gemellus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Inferior border obturator internus

Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed

Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)

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20
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Femur (posterior, between trochanters)

Actions: Lateral rotate, adduct

Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)

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21
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin: Lateral ilium posterior gluteal line

Posterior sacroiliac/tuberus ligament

Posterior saccrum

Insertion: Iliotibial tract

Gluteal tuberosity femur

Actions: Extension, Lateral rotation

Abduction (upper) Adduction (lower)

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

22
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Origin: Lateral ilium

Between anterior/posterior gluteal lines

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Actions: Abduction

Anterior=medial rotate/flex

Posterior=lateral rotate/extend

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

23
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Origin: Lateral ilium

Between anterior/inferior gluteal line

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Actions: Abduction, Medial rotate, flexion

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

24
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin: Saccrum (anterior)

Insertion: Greater trochanter

Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct (when flexed)

Innervation: S1-S2

25
Q

Biceps femoris

Long head

Short head

A

Origin: L=Ischial tuberosity

S= Linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Head fibula

Actions: Extension hip

Flexion knee

Lateral rotation (when flexed)

Innervation: Sciatic nerve

L=Tibial (L5-S2)

S=Common fibular (L5-S1)

26
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Tibia (proximal, medial surface)

Actions: Extension thigh

Flex knee

Medial rotation (when flexed)

Innervation: Sciatic-tibial (L5-S2)

27
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Tibia- medial condyle

Actions: Extension thigh

Flexion knee

Medial rotation (when flexed)

Innervation: Sciatic-tibial (L5-S2)

28
Q

Plantaris

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of femur

Insertion: Calcaneous (anterior/medial)

Actions: Weak plantar flex

Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4-5)

29
Q

Popliteus

A

Origin: Lateral condyle femur

Insertion: Tibia- posterior, proximal 1/3

(proximal to soleal line)

Actions: Medial rotate leg on femur

Lateral rotate femur on leg

Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)

30
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: Femur- posterior

proximal to lateral and medial condyles

Insertion: Calcaneous tendon

Actions: Plantar flex (flex leg of free limb)

Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1-2)

31
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: Soleal (popliteal) line

Tibia/Fibula-medial, posterior, proximal 1/3

Insertion: Calcaneous tendon

Actions: Plantar flex

Innervation: Tibial (L5-S1)

32
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Origin: Tibia/Fibula- posterior, proximal 2/3

Interosseus membrane

Insertion: Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, base 2-4 MT

Actions: Adduct, Invert, Plantar flex

Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)

33
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Tibia- posterior, middle 1/2

Insertion: 4 toes- distal phalanges

Actions: Flex distal phalanges

(weak plantar flex and invert)

Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)

34
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Origin: Fibular- posterior, middle 1/2

Insertion: Big toe- distal phalanx

Actions: Flex big toe (plantar flex)

Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)

35
Q

Fibularis longus

A

Origin: Fibula- lateral, proximal 2/3

Adjacent fascia and intermuscular septa

Insertion: 1st MT- base (medial cuneiform)

Actions: Eversion (weak plantar flex)

Innervation: Superficial fibular (L4-S1)

often branch from common or deep fibular nerve

36
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

Origin: Fibula-lateral, distal 2/3

Adjacent intermuscular septa

Insertion: 5th MT- dorsal, base

Actions: Eversion (weak plantar flex)

Innervation: Superficial fibular (L4-S1)

37
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

Origin: Fibula- common with lower fibers EDL

Insertion: 5th MT- dorsal, base

Actions: Dorsiflex

Eversion

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)

38
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Tibia- lateral condyle

Fibula- anterior, proximal 3/4

Inerosseous membrane, crural fascia

Insertion: 4 toes- middle and distal phalanges

Actions: Extend toes

Dorsiflex and evert

Innnervation: Deep fibular (L4-S1)

39
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Origin: Fibula-anterior, middle 1/3

Interosseous membrane

Insertion: Big toe- distal phalanx

Actions: Extend big toe

Dorsiflex and invert

Innervation: Deep fibular (L4-S1)

40
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin: Tibial- lateral condyle, lateral, proximal 2/3

Interosseus membrane and deep fascia leg

Insertion: 1st MT- base (medial cuneiform)

Actions: Dorsiflex and invert

Innervation: Deep fibular (L4-S1)

41
Q

Abductor hallucis

A

Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity (medial tuberosity)

Flexor retinaculum, medial intermuscular septum

Insertion: Big toe-proximal phalanx (tibial side)

Actions: Big toe (MTP)- Abduct and flex

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)

42
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity (medial process)

Med/Lat intermuscular septum

Insertion: 4 toes- middle phalanges

Actions: 4 toes- flex middle phalanges

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)

43
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity (lateral process)

Medial process and intervening calcaneus

Insertion: Little toe- proximal phalanx, lateral side

Actions: Little toe- Abduct and flex

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

44
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

Origin: Calcaneus (medial and lateral sides)

distal to calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion: FDL tendon (lateral and posterior margin)

Actions: 4 toes- flex (modify pulll FDL tendons)

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

45
Q

Lumbricals

A

Origin: FDL tendons

Insertion: Expansions extensor tendons 4 toes

Actions: MTP- flex

Interphalangeal- extend

Innervation: 1st- Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)

2-4- Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

46
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A

Origin: Cuboid

Lateral cuneiform

Tibialis posterior tendon

Insertion: Big toe- proximal phalanx (med/lat sides)

Actions: Big toe (proximal phalanx)- flex

Innervation- Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)

47
Q

Adductor hallucis

A

Origin: Oblique head- 2-4 MT’s, sheath fibularis longus

Transverse head- 3-5 MTP joint capsules

deep transverve MT ligaments

Insertion: Big toe- base proximal phalanx

Actions: Big toe- adduct and flex

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

48
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Origin: 5th MT- base

Insertion: Little toe- base proximal phalanx

Actions: Little toe- flex (proximal phalanx)

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

49
Q

Plantar interossei

A

Origin: 3-5th MT (medial side)

Insertion: 3-5th proximal phalanges (medial side)

Actions: Adduction toes

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

50
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Origin: Adjacent sides MT

Insertion: Proximal phalanges-

1st –>medial side 2nd toe

2-4th–>lateral side corresponding toes

Actions: Abduction toes

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

51
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

A

Origin: Calcaneus-dorsal

Insertion: EDL tendon–>middle/distal phalanges 2-4 toes

Actions: 2-4th- extend

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)

52
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis

A

Origin: Calcaneus-dorsal

Insertion: Big toe- base proximal phalanx

Actions: Big toe- extend

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)

Anatomy Flashcards (13 decks)

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