Muscles of lower extremity Flashcards
Sartorius
Origin: Anterior iliac spine
Insertion: Tibia (proximal, medial surface, distal to tuberosity)
Actions: Flex, Abduction, Lateral rotation
Innervation: Femoral (L2, L3)
Tensor fascia latae
Origin: Iliac crest (posterior to ASIS)
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
Actions: Flexion, Abduction, Medial rotation
Innervation: Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
_Rectus femoris _
Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Ilium (above acetabulum)
Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Actions: Extend leg, flex thigh
Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)
_Vastus medialis _
Origin: Linea aspera (medial lip)
Lower intertrochanteric line
Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Actions: Extend leg
Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)
Vastus lateralis
Origin: Linea aspera (lateral lip)
Lower intertrochanteric line
Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Actions: Extend leg
Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)
Vastus intermedius
Origin: Anterior/lateral surface femur
Insertion: Patella through patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Actions: Extend leg
Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)
Articularis genus
Origin: Femur (distal/anterior)
Insertion: Synovial membrane knee joint
Actions: Pull synovial membrane knee proximal during leg extension
Innervation: Femoral (L3, L4) nerve to vastus intermedius
Psoas major
Origin: Lumbar vertebrae (bodies/trvs)
Insertion: Lesser trochancter
Actions: Flex thigh, slight adduction
Innervation: L2-L4
Psoas minor
Origin: T12-L1
Insertion: Pubis (superior ramus)
Actions: Upward rotate pelvis
Innervation: L1-L2
_Iliacus _
Origin: Iliac fossa
Insertion: Lesser trochanter
Actions: Flex thigh, slight adduction
Innervation: Femoral (L2-L4)
Pectineus
Origin: Pubis (superior ramus)
Insertion: Distal lesser trochanter
Actions: Flexion/adduction thigh
Innervation: Femoral/obturator (L2,L3)
_Adductor longus _
Origin: Pubic tubercle
Insertion: Linea aspera (medial lip)
Actions: Adduction, Flexion
Innervation: Obturator (L2-3)
Gracilis
Origin: Inferior ramus pubis; ramus ischium
Insertion: Tibia (proximal, medial, distal to medial condlye)
Actions: Adduction, flex leg, medial rotate flexed knee
Innervation: Obturator (L2-3)
Adductor brevis
Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line
Linea aspera (proximal part)
Actions: Adduction, flexion
Innervation: Obturator (L3-4) split into anterior/posterior
_Adductor magnus _
Anterior
Posterior
Origin: Inferior ramus pubis
Ramus and ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Anterior=Linea aspera
Posterior=Adductor tubercle of medial condyle
Actions: Adduction
Anterior=Flexion
Posterior=Extension
Innervation: Anterior= Obturator (L3-4)
Posterior= Sciatic (L3-4)
Obturator externus
Origin: Obturator membrane, bone around obturator foramen
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa (medial aspect greater trochanter)
Actions: Lateral rotation
Innervation: Obturator (L3-4) -posterior branch
Obturator internus
Origin: Obturator membrane, bone around foramen internal surface pelvis
Insertion: Medial surface greater trochanter above fossa
Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
Superior gemellus
Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: Superior border obturator internus
Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
Inferior gemellus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Inferior border obturator internus
Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct thigh when flexed
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
Quadratus femoris
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Femur (posterior, between trochanters)
Actions: Lateral rotate, adduct
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
Gluteus maximus
Origin: Lateral ilium posterior gluteal line
Posterior sacroiliac/tuberus ligament
Posterior saccrum
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
Gluteal tuberosity femur
Actions: Extension, Lateral rotation
Abduction (upper) Adduction (lower)
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Gluteus medius
Origin: Lateral ilium
Between anterior/posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Actions: Abduction
Anterior=medial rotate/flex
Posterior=lateral rotate/extend
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Gluteus minimus
Origin: Lateral ilium
Between anterior/inferior gluteal line
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Actions: Abduction, Medial rotate, flexion
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Piriformis
Origin: Saccrum (anterior)
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Actions: Lateral rotate, abduct (when flexed)
Innervation: S1-S2
Biceps femoris
Long head
Short head
Origin: L=Ischial tuberosity
S= Linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion: Head fibula
Actions: Extension hip
Flexion knee
Lateral rotation (when flexed)
Innervation: Sciatic nerve
L=Tibial (L5-S2)
S=Common fibular (L5-S1)
Semitendinosus
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia (proximal, medial surface)
Actions: Extension thigh
Flex knee
Medial rotation (when flexed)
Innervation: Sciatic-tibial (L5-S2)
Semimembranosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia- medial condyle
Actions: Extension thigh
Flexion knee
Medial rotation (when flexed)
Innervation: Sciatic-tibial (L5-S2)
Plantaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of femur
Insertion: Calcaneous (anterior/medial)
Actions: Weak plantar flex
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4-5)
Popliteus
Origin: Lateral condyle femur
Insertion: Tibia- posterior, proximal 1/3
(proximal to soleal line)
Actions: Medial rotate leg on femur
Lateral rotate femur on leg
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Femur- posterior
proximal to lateral and medial condyles
Insertion: Calcaneous tendon
Actions: Plantar flex (flex leg of free limb)
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1-2)
Soleus
Origin: Soleal (popliteal) line
Tibia/Fibula-medial, posterior, proximal 1/3
Insertion: Calcaneous tendon
Actions: Plantar flex
Innervation: Tibial (L5-S1)
Tibialis posterior
Origin: Tibia/Fibula- posterior, proximal 2/3
Interosseus membrane
Insertion: Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, base 2-4 MT
Actions: Adduct, Invert, Plantar flex
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: Tibia- posterior, middle 1/2
Insertion: 4 toes- distal phalanges
Actions: Flex distal phalanges
(weak plantar flex and invert)
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5-S1)
Flexor hallucis longus
Origin: Fibular- posterior, middle 1/2
Insertion: Big toe- distal phalanx
Actions: Flex big toe (plantar flex)
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5-S2)
Fibularis longus
Origin: Fibula- lateral, proximal 2/3
Adjacent fascia and intermuscular septa
Insertion: 1st MT- base (medial cuneiform)
Actions: Eversion (weak plantar flex)
Innervation: Superficial fibular (L4-S1)
often branch from common or deep fibular nerve
Fibularis brevis
Origin: Fibula-lateral, distal 2/3
Adjacent intermuscular septa
Insertion: 5th MT- dorsal, base
Actions: Eversion (weak plantar flex)
Innervation: Superficial fibular (L4-S1)
Fibularis tertius
Origin: Fibula- common with lower fibers EDL
Insertion: 5th MT- dorsal, base
Actions: Dorsiflex
Eversion
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: Tibia- lateral condyle
Fibula- anterior, proximal 3/4
Inerosseous membrane, crural fascia
Insertion: 4 toes- middle and distal phalanges
Actions: Extend toes
Dorsiflex and evert
Innnervation: Deep fibular (L4-S1)
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin: Fibula-anterior, middle 1/3
Interosseous membrane
Insertion: Big toe- distal phalanx
Actions: Extend big toe
Dorsiflex and invert
Innervation: Deep fibular (L4-S1)
Tibialis anterior
Origin: Tibial- lateral condyle, lateral, proximal 2/3
Interosseus membrane and deep fascia leg
Insertion: 1st MT- base (medial cuneiform)
Actions: Dorsiflex and invert
Innervation: Deep fibular (L4-S1)
Abductor hallucis
Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity (medial tuberosity)
Flexor retinaculum, medial intermuscular septum
Insertion: Big toe-proximal phalanx (tibial side)
Actions: Big toe (MTP)- Abduct and flex
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)
Flexor digitorum brevis
Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity (medial process)
Med/Lat intermuscular septum
Insertion: 4 toes- middle phalanges
Actions: 4 toes- flex middle phalanges
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)
Abductor digiti minimi
Origin: Calcaneal tuberosity (lateral process)
Medial process and intervening calcaneus
Insertion: Little toe- proximal phalanx, lateral side
Actions: Little toe- Abduct and flex
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Quadratus plantae
Origin: Calcaneus (medial and lateral sides)
distal to calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: FDL tendon (lateral and posterior margin)
Actions: 4 toes- flex (modify pulll FDL tendons)
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Lumbricals
Origin: FDL tendons
Insertion: Expansions extensor tendons 4 toes
Actions: MTP- flex
Interphalangeal- extend
Innervation: 1st- Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)
2-4- Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Flexor hallucis brevis
Origin: Cuboid
Lateral cuneiform
Tibialis posterior tendon
Insertion: Big toe- proximal phalanx (med/lat sides)
Actions: Big toe (proximal phalanx)- flex
Innervation- Medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)
Adductor hallucis
Origin: Oblique head- 2-4 MT’s, sheath fibularis longus
Transverse head- 3-5 MTP joint capsules
deep transverve MT ligaments
Insertion: Big toe- base proximal phalanx
Actions: Big toe- adduct and flex
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Origin: 5th MT- base
Insertion: Little toe- base proximal phalanx
Actions: Little toe- flex (proximal phalanx)
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Plantar interossei
Origin: 3-5th MT (medial side)
Insertion: 3-5th proximal phalanges (medial side)
Actions: Adduction toes
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Dorsal interossei
Origin: Adjacent sides MT
Insertion: Proximal phalanges-
1st –>medial side 2nd toe
2-4th–>lateral side corresponding toes
Actions: Abduction toes
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)
Extensor digitorum brevis
Origin: Calcaneus-dorsal
Insertion: EDL tendon–>middle/distal phalanges 2-4 toes
Actions: 2-4th- extend
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)
Extensor hallucis brevis
Origin: Calcaneus-dorsal
Insertion: Big toe- base proximal phalanx
Actions: Big toe- extend
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)
