Muscles of leg and foot

Question 1

tibialis anterior

Answer 1

O: lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane

I: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces on base of first metatarsal

A: dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint, inverts foot, dynamic support of medial arch of foot

Question 2

extensor digitorum longus and extensor

Answer 2

O: proximal one-half of medial surface of fibula and related surface of lateral tibial condyle

I: along dorsal surface of the four lateral toes, each tendon divides to attach to bases of middle and distal phalanges

A: extends lateral four toes and dorsiflexes foot

Question 3

hallucis longus

Answer 3

O: middle one-half of medial surface of fibula and adjacent of interosseous membrane

I: base of distal phalanx of great toe

A: extends great toe dorsiflexes foot

Question 4

fibularis longus

Answer 4

O: upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula, head of fibula, and occasionally lateral tibial condyle

I: lateral side of distal end of medial cuneiform base of first metatarsal

A: everts and plantar flexes foot, supports arches of foot

Question 5

fibularis brevis

Answer 5

O: lower 2/3 of lateral surface of shaft of fibula

I: lateral tubercle at base of 5th metatarsal

A: everts foot

Question 6

gastrocnemius

Answer 6

O: medial head: posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle

Lateral head: upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

I: posterior surface of calcaneus via the achilles tendon

A: plantarflexes foot, flexes knee, main propelling force in walking and running

Question 7

Soleus

Answer 7

O: posterior aspect of fibular head and adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal shaft, soleal line and medial border of tibia, tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments

I: posterior surface of calcaneus via the Achilles tendon

A: plantarflexes foot, soleus is frequently in contraction during standing, to prevent the body falling forward at the ankle joint, thus it helps to maintain an upright posture

Question 8

tibialis posterior

Answer 8

O: posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula

I: mainly to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform

A: inverts and plantarflexes foot, support of medial arch of the foot during walking

Question 9

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 9

O: medial side of posterior surface of tibia below soleal line

I: plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes

A: flexes lateral four toes (enabling the foot to firmly grip the ground when walking)

Question 10

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Answer 10

O: lower 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane

I: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe

A: flexes great toe and is important in the final propulsive thrust of the foot during walking