Muscles of Hip and thigh

Question 1

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 1

O: fascia covering gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament

I: posterior aspect of iliotibial band of fascia lata gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur

A: powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint, lateral stabilizer of hip and knee joints laterally rotates and abducts thigh

Question 2

Gluteus Medius

Answer 2

O: external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

I: oblique ridge on lateral surface of greater trochanter

A: abducts femur at hip joint, medially rotates thigh, holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking

Question 3

Gluteus minimus

Answer 3

O: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

I: anterolateral border of greater trochanter

A: abducts, medially rotates, and may assist in flexion of hip joint

Question 4

Tensor Fasciae latae

Answer 4

O: lateral aspect of crest of ilium between ASIS and tubercle of the crest

I: iliotibial band of fascia lata

A: stabilizes the knee in extension

Question 5

Piriformis

Answer 5

O: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina

I: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter

A: laterally rotates extended femur at hip joint, abducts flexed femur at hip joint

Question 6

obturator internus - deep lateral hip rotators

Answer 6

O: anterolateral wall of the true pelvis; deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone

I: along length of superior surface of obturator internus tendon and into medial side of greater trochanter with obturator internus tendon

A: laterally rotates hip joint, abducts flexed femur at hip joint, helps hold head of femur in acetabulum

Question 7

gemellus superior - deep lateral hip rotators

Answer 7

O: external surface of ischial spine

I: along length of superior surface of obturator internus tendon and into medial side of greater trochanter with obturator internus tendon

A: laterally rotates hip joint, abducts flexed femur at hip joint, helps hold head of femur in acetabulum

Question 8

gemellus inferior - deep lateral hip rotators

Answer 8

O: upper aspect of ischial tuberosity

I: along length of inferior surface of obturator internus tendon and into medial side of greater trochanter with obturator internus tendon

A: laterally rotates hip joint, abducts flexed femur at hip joint, helps hold head of femur in acetabulum

Question 9

quadratus femoris

Answer 9

O: lateral edge of ischium just anterior to ischial tuberosity

I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of proximal femur

A: laterally rotates hip joint, abducts flexed femur at hip joint, helps hold head of femur in acetabulum

Question 10

hamstrings

Answer 10

O: ischial tuberosity biceps femoris (short head only) lateral lip of linea aspera

I: semimembranosus: groove and adjacent bone on medial tibial condyle

Semitendinosus: medial surface of proximal tibia

Biceps femoris: head of fibula

A: flexes leg at knee joint, semimembranosus and semitendinosus extend thigh at hip joint, medially rotate thigh at hip joint, and leg at knee joint

Question 11

adductors

Answer 11

O: anterior part of the pubic bone (ramus) adductor magnus also takes it origin from the ischial tuberosity

I: entire length of femur along linea aspera and medial supracondylar line to adductor tubercle on medial epicondyle of femur

A: adduct and medially rotate thigh at hip joint

Question 12

Gracilis

Answer 12

O: a line on the external surface of the pubis the inferior pubic ramus and ramus of the ischium

I: medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia

A: adducts thigh at hip joint, flexes leg at knee joint

Question 13

Pectineus

Answer 13

O: pecten pubis and adjacent bone of pelvis

I: oblique line from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera of femur

A: adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint

Question 14

Sartorius

Answer 14

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity

A: flexes thigh at the hip joint (helping bring leg forward in walking or running) flexes the leg at knee joint

Question 15

rectus femoris - quadriceps

Answer 15

O: straight head (anterior head) anterior inferior iliac spine reflected head (posterior head) groove above acetabulum (on ilium)

I: patella then via patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity

A: flexes the thigh at the hip joint (particularly in combination as in kicking a ball) and extends leg at knee joint

Question 16

vasti group - quadriceps

Answer 16

O: upper half of shaft of femur

I: patella then via patellar ligament into the tibial tuberosity

A: extend leg at knee joint