Muscles of head and neck

Question 1

Why would you need to know muscles of the head and neck?

Answer 1

• carrying out patient examinations
• may malfunction and cause disease
• spread dental infection
• interfere with dental construction/retention

Question 2

Name the 6 main skeletal head and neck muscle groups.

Answer 2

“She Happily Fixed My PurPle Tongue”
Superficial cervical muscles
Hyoid muscles
Facial expression muscles
Mastication muscles ‘
Pharynx and soft palate muscles
Tongue muscles

Question 3

Name the 2 superficial cervical muscles

Answer 3

Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Trapezius muscle

Question 4

What are the areas that the sternocleidomastoid muscle divides neck into?

Answer 4

Posterior and anterior cervical triangles

Question 5

Origin of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 5

Sternum (superior and lateral part)
and
Clavicle (medial part)

Question 6

Insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 6

Mastoid of temporal bone

Question 7

Nerve of the Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 7

Accessory nerve (cranial nerve Xl)

Question 8

Is the sternocleidomastoid paired or unpaired?

Answer 8

Paired

Question 9

Action of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 9

1 acting alone: tilts head/neck to same side
Both acting together: Head flexes at neck (bending head forward)

Question 10

What is the trapezius muscle?

Answer 10

Broad, flat, triangular shaped muscle that lines neck, spine, ribs and shoulders
Superficial paired muscle that is postural

Question 11

Origin of trapezius muscle?

Answer 11

Superior unchallenged line on occipital bone
Posterior midline of cervical and thoracic spine (C1-T12)

Question 12

Insertion of Trapezius?

Answer 12

Lateral 1/3 clavicle and scapula

Question 13

Nerve of trapezius?

Answer 13

Cranial nerve Xl (accessory nerve) and cervical nerve 3&4

Question 14

Action of trapezius?

Answer 14

Upper fibres: Shrugs shoulders (elevates scapula and clavicle)
Lower fibres: Rotates scapula down

Question 15

What is the hyoid bone?

Answer 15

Horse shaped bone suspended below mandible

Question 16

Origin of hyoid bone?

Answer 16

No origin as does not articulate with any other bone

Question 17

What does the hyoid bone assist in?

Answer 17

-swallowing
-speech
Mastication (chewing)

Question 18

Name the 2 hyoid groups?

Answer 18

Suprahyoid- above hyoid - 2 heads
Infra hyoid - below hyoid

Question 19

Name the 4 Suprahyoid all muscles

Answer 19

“My Girl Digests Sweets”
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Digastric
- Stylohyoid

Question 20

Name the 4 Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 20

“TOSS”
- Thyrohyoid
- Omohyoid
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyoid

Question 21

Name the origin and insertion myelohyoid muscles

Answer 21

Myelohyoid line mandible inserts into myelohyiid raphe and hyoid

Question 22

Functions myelohyoid muscle

Answer 22

Forms floor of mouth
assists swallowing and opening jaw’
Involved in where dental infection spreads

Question 23

Main function of supra hyoid muscles

Answer 23

elevate hyoid ,depress the mandible and help swallowing