Muscles of head and neck Flashcards
Why would you need to know muscles of the head and neck?
- carrying out patient examinations
- may malfunction and cause disease
- spread dental infection
- interfere with dental construction/retention
Name the 6 main skeletal head and neck muscle groups.
“She Happily Fixed My PurPle Tongue”
Superficial cervical muscles
Hyoid muscles
Facial expression muscles
Mastication muscles ‘
Pharynx and soft palate muscles
Tongue muscles
Name the 2 superficial cervical muscles
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Trapezius muscle
What are the areas that the sternocleidomastoid muscle divides neck into?
Posterior and anterior cervical triangles
Origin of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Sternum (superior and lateral part)
and
Clavicle (medial part)
Insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Mastoid of temporal bone
Nerve of the Sternocleidomastoid
Accessory nerve (cranial nerve Xl)
Is the sternocleidomastoid paired or unpaired?
Paired
Action of the sternocleidomastoid
1 acting alone: tilts head/neck to same side
Both acting together: Head flexes at neck (bending head forward)
What is the trapezius muscle?
Broad, flat, triangular shaped muscle that lines neck, spine, ribs and shoulders
Superficial paired muscle that is postural
Origin of trapezius muscle?
Superior unchallenged line on occipital bone
Posterior midline of cervical and thoracic spine (C1-T12)
Insertion of Trapezius?
Lateral 1/3 clavicle and scapula
Nerve of trapezius?
Cranial nerve Xl (accessory nerve) and cervical nerve 3&4
Action of trapezius?
Upper fibres: Shrugs shoulders (elevates scapula and clavicle)
Lower fibres: Rotates scapula down
What is the hyoid bone?
Horse shaped bone suspended below mandible
Origin of hyoid bone?
No origin as does not articulate with any other bone
What does the hyoid bone assist in?
-swallowing
-speech
Mastication (chewing)
Name the 2 hyoid groups?
Suprahyoid- above hyoid - 2 heads
Infra hyoid - below hyoid
Name the 4 Suprahyoid all muscles
“My Girl Digests Sweets”
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Digastric
- Stylohyoid
Name the 4 Infrahyoid muscles
“TOSS”
- Thyrohyoid
- Omohyoid
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyoid
Name the origin and insertion myelohyoid muscles
Myelohyoid line mandible inserts into myelohyiid raphe and hyoid
Functions myelohyoid muscle
Forms floor of mouth
assists swallowing and opening jaw’
Involved in where dental infection spreads
Main function of supra hyoid muscles
elevate hyoid ,depress the mandible and help swallowing
