Cardiovascular - heart, arteries,veins

Question 1

where is the heart found

Answer 1

On left side thorax ( 2/3 on left)
Between ribs 2-6

Question 2

Name structures pericardium

Answer 2

2 layers -outer =fibrous pericardium (loose sac )
-inner double walled serous pericardium
visceral layer attached outside heart
( makes epicardium)
parietal layer -inner layer of fibrous
pericardium

Question 3

name 3 layers of heart wall

Answer 3

Epicardium ( visceral serous pericardium layer )
Myocardium - muscle layer - never fatigues or rests
Endocardium -inner layer ( forms valve cusps )

Question 4

Name the 4 heart chambers and the vessels that enter them

Answer 4

Left atrium ( pulmonary vein enters)
Left ventricle - aorta leaves form
Right Atrium - inferior/superior Vena cava enter
Right ventricle -pulmonary arteries leave from tp lung

Question 5

Which vein carries oxygenated blood and where does it enter into

Answer 5

Pulmonary -enters left atrium

Question 6

Which artery carries deoxygenated blood and where does it leave from

Answer 6

Pulmonary artery - out right ventricle

Question 7

Which valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 7

Tricuspid

Question 8

Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 8

Bicuspid (Mitral)

Question 9

Which valves are found on the left side of heart

Answer 9

Mitral and Aortic

Question 10

Which valves are found on the right side of the heart

Answer 10

Tricuspid and Pulmonary

Question 11

What are the semilunar valves -

Answer 11

Aortic and pulmonary - ones between ventricles out to major vessel

Question 12

What are the atrioventricular valves

Answer 12

Mitral/tricuspid ( between atriums and ventricles )

Question 13

What ar coronary Arteries

Answer 13

Arteries that supple heart muscle

Question 14

Name a condition affecting the coronary arteries

Answer 14

Heart attack - vessel occluded so heart muscle not get oxygen

Question 15

What is the pterygoid plexus

Answer 15

Group small veins in the infra temporal fossa around pterygoid muscles

Question 16

What forms the pterygoid plexus

Answer 16

Veins ( names corresponding to maxillary artery branches ie inferior alveolar Vn, infraorbital Vein, Posterior superior alveolar veins ) that drain then into the maxillary vein from the plexus

Question 17

How does taking oral sublingual drugs work

Answer 17

Absorbed into lingual vein then back to heart to get distributed

Question 18

Where and what forms the retromandibular Vn

Answer 18

Superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein join to form retromandibular vein ( in the parotid gland )

Question 19

What’s job of pterygoid plexus

Answer 19

Blood drainage upper face
Protects maxillary artery from chewing forces

INFECTION CAN SPREAD HERE

Question 20

WHAT DOES THE PTERYGOID PLEXUS communicate with

Answer 20

Cavernous sinus
Facial vein
Pharyngeal plexus

Question 21

What’s a risk of dental spread thru pterygoid plexus

Answer 21

Infection drains to pterygoid plexus - communicates to cavernous sinus - so spreads into here and risk thrombosis ( clot) and death

Question 22

What is the main large vessel draining the head and neck

Answer 22

Internal jugula Vein

Question 23

Explain the merging of the Internal jugular vein

Answer 23

IJV joins subclavian Vn—-> R+L brachiocephalic Vn
——>superior vena cava —–> heart

Question 24

What Lymph nodes run with the Internal jugular vein

Answer 24

Deep cervical LN

Question 25

Explain the emergence of the arteries off aorta

Answer 25

Aorta —> Right brachiocephalic Ar—> common carotid + subclavian

Aorta—> Left common carotid and subclavian ( no left brachiocephalic Artey )

Question 26

Where does the common carotid divide

Answer 26

Level top thyroid cartilage

Question 27

What is the main branch of the common carotid to the face

Answer 27

External carotid artery ( Internal small and goes straight to brain

Question 28

Name the main branches off the external carotid artery in order as goes up neck

Answer 28

Superior thyroid Ar*
Ascending pharyngeal ( don’t see on pictures usually as runs posteriorly )
Lingual Ar*
Facial artery ( hooks mandible and runs up face to orbit )**
Occipital Ar
Posterior auricular Ar
Maxillary Artery **
Superficial temporal Ar

***know these ones at least

Question 29

What does superior thyroid artery supply

Answer 29

Tissues below hyoid bone

Question 30

What does lingual artery supply

Answer 30

Tongue
Floor mouth
Lingual ginigivia/alveolar mucosa

Question 31

What does facial Artery supply

Answer 31

Most of superficial face

Question 32

where is maxillary artery found originating

Answer 32

Off external carotid artery in the Parotid gland at neck of mandible condyle

Question 33

What are the major branches maxillary artery

Answer 33

Inferior alveolar artery –>incisive ar
—Mental artery
Infraorbital Artery—> anterior superior alveolar Ar
Posterior superior alveolar artery

Question 34

What does the inferior alveolar artery supply

Answer 34

Mandibular posterior teeth pulp-via dental branches
Mandibular -posterior teeth gingiva and buccal peridontium via alveolar branches

Anterior teeth and gingival via incisive artery and its dental and alveolar branches

Question 35

What’s risk of the Inferior alveolar artery in clinical practise

Answer 35

Risk positive aspiration when needle gets in for Anaesthetic

Question 36

What artery supplies the pulp of maxillary molars /premolars

Answer 36

Posterior superior alveolar Artery ( via the dental branches )

Question 37

What artery supplies the buccal periodontist and gingival of maxillary posterior teeth

Answer 37

Posterior superior alveolar artery( via its alveolar branches )

Question 38

What artery supplies the Pulp of Maxillary anterior teeth

Answer 38

Anterior superior alveolar Artery ( branch off the infraorbital artery ) via dental branch

Question 39

what artery supplies the anterior maxillary ginigiva and labial periodintium

Answer 39

Anterior superior alveolar Artery ( branch off the infraorbital artery )- via alveolar branches