Muscles Of Gluteal Region

Question 1

Gluteus maximus

• Origin and insertion?
• Innervation?
• Action?

Answer 1

• Origin: posterior ilium, sacrum and coccyx
• Insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
• Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve
• Actions: lateral rotation, hip extension

Question 2

Gluteus medius

• Origin and insertion?
• Innervation?
• Action?

Answer 2

• Origin: gluteal surface of ilium
• Insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter
• Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
• Actions: internal rotation of hip, abduction of hip (prevents pelvis drooping when walking)

Question 3

Gluteus minimus

• Origin and insertion?
• Innervation?
• Actions?

Answer 3

• Origin: ilium
• Insertion: converges to form a tendon, inserting into anterior greater trochanter
• Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
• Actions: medial rotation and abduction of hip (prevents pelvis drooping)

Question 4

Tensor fascia lata

• Origin and insertion?
• Innervation?
• Actions?

Answer 4

• Origin: anterior iliac crest (anterior superior iliac spine)
• Insertion: into the iliotibial tract to lateral condyle of tibia
• Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
• Actions: medial rotation and abduction

Question 5

Piriformis

• Origin and insertion?
• Innervation?
• Actions?

Answer 5

Piriformis is the most superior of deep muscles of gluteal region.

• Origin: anterior surface of sacrum
• Insertion: through greater sciatic foramen to greater trochanter of femur
• Innervation: nerve to piriformis
• Actions: lateral rotation, abduction

Question 6

Obturator internus

• Origin and insertion?
• Innervation?
• Actions?

Answer 6

• Origin: pubis and ischium at obturator foramen
• Insertion: travels through lesser sciatic foramen to greater trochanter
• Innervation: nerve to obturator internus
• Actions: lateral rotation and abduction

Question 7

Superior and inferior gemelli

• Origin and insertion?
• Innervation?
• Actions?

Answer 7

- Origin
Superior gemellus: ischial spine
Inferior gemellus: ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: greater trochanter
- Actions: lateral rotation, abduction 
- Innervation
Superior gemellus: nerve to obturator internus
Inferior gemellus: nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 8

Quadratus femoris

• Origin and insertion?
• Innervation?
• Actions?

Answer 8

Most inferior of deep gluteal muscles

• Origin: lateral side of ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest
• Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
• Actions: lateral rotation

Question 9

What is the iliotibial tract?

Answer 9

Thickening of fascia lata strengthened by gluteus maximus.

Question 10

Iliotibial tract

• Location in lateral thigh?
• Functions?

Answer 10

• Extends from ASIS to lateral tibial chondyle.
• Movement: hip extension, abduction and lateral rotation
• Compartmentalisation: forms lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
• Forms a sheath for tensor fascia lata muscle