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FINALS EXAM FLASHCARDS > Muscles of Facial Expression and sensory innervation to the face > Flashcards

Muscles of Facial Expression and sensory innervation to the face Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different muscles of facial expression? (7)

A
  • Frontalis
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Quadratus superioris
  • Depressors of the lip
  • Buccinator
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Platysma
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2
Q

Describe the direction that ‘wrinkles’ follow.

A

They form at 90 degrees to muscle fibre detection (muscle fibre direction is up an downwards )

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3
Q

What can the quadratus (4) superioris be split up into? - from lateral to medial

A

4 PARTS:

  1. zygomaticus major
  2. zygomaticus minor
  3. levator (lift) labii (lip) superioris (towards top)
  4. levator (lift) labii (lip) superioris (towards top) alaequae (wing) nasi (nose)
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4
Q

what is the point of the buccal fat pat in the cheeks

A

it gives the cheeks volume to the face, without it, the cheeks would have a very sunken appearance.

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5
Q

what is the levator anguli oris

A

Lifts the angle of the mouth upwards

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6
Q

what is the depressor labii inferioris

A

this is a muscle which lowers the lip downwards

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7
Q

what is the depressor anguli oris

A

this is a muscle that brings the angle (corner) of the mouth downwards

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8
Q

what is the mentalis

A

This is a muscle sitting on the chin

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9
Q

what is the orbicularis oris

A

this is a muscle that circles the mouth

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10
Q

what is the connective tissue structure that we can refer to within the face?

A

the MODIOLOUS

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11
Q

what is the modiolous

A

located at the corner of the mouth on rhs and lhs and is a common site for multiple attachments of muscles used in facial expression.

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12
Q

What is the buccinator?

A

this is the muscle of the cheek - it attaches anteriorly to the orbicularis oris. posteriorly it attaches to the pterygomandibular raphe.

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13
Q

what is the frontalis muscle?

A

frontalis muscle sits at the front of the head and is connected via a tendon called the epicranial aponeurosis to a muscle called the occippitalis - forms a fronto-occipital complex (forms scalp)

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14
Q

what 2 parts is the orbicularis oculi composed of?

A
  • orbital (external) - allows us to scrunch our eyes tightly.
  • palpebral (internal/eyelid)- allows us to close our eyes gently.
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15
Q

list the 5 layers of the scalp superficial to deep

A

Skin
Connective tissue (HIGHLY VASCULARISED eg splitting head open)
Aponeurosis (tensile tendon - keeping arteries open preventing from them heeling naturally)
Loose connective tissue (thinner version of connective layer but not vascularised)
Pericranium (layer in direct contact with bones of skull)

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16
Q

what is the motor nerve supply to all muscles of facial expression?

A

ALL INNERVATED BY THE FACIAL NERVE CNVII

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17
Q

How can we test motor function of the facial nerve (CNVII) - BILATERALLY

A
  • ask patient to frown
  • ask patient to close eyes tightly
  • ask pt to smile
  • ask pt to puff out cheeks
18
Q

Where does the facial nerve arise from?

A

From the brain, more specifically from the PONS (right and left)

19
Q

Where does the facial nerve pass through?

A

The facial nerve passes through 2 places through the brain from the pons:
1st = exit the cranial cavity via the internal acoustic meatus, they then pass through the petrous temporal bone before exiting the base of the skull via the stylomastoid foramen (2nd)

20
Q

where does the facial nerve pass through once through the base of the skull?

A

through the parotid gland branching onto the face.

21
Q

Name the 5 nerves innervating the anterior part of the face

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • mandibular
  • cervical
22
Q

What happens to the right common carotid artery within the face?

A

it bifurcates into the right external carotid artery and the right internal carotid artery

23
Q

Where does the right internal carotid artery lead to

A

continues within the neck without giving off any branches, and continue into the cranial cavity to supply the brain

24
Q

where does the right external carotid artery lead to

A

will give off multiple branches onto the neck and the face, one branch being the facial artery.

25
Q

describe the course that the facial artery takes along the face

A

it arises deep to the mandible, but will then cross the inferior border of the mandible in order to move up onto the face. Once on the face, it will move onto the corner of the mouth, then to the corner of the nose, before then travelling to the medial corner of the eye

26
Q

How can we differentiate the facial artery from the facial vein

A

facial artery has a more tortuous course. Facial vein is very straight in its course.

27
Q

What does the facial vein do?

A

Drains blood from the face down towards the internal jugular vein, returning it back towards the heart.

28
Q

What is a dermatone?

A

The area of skin supplied by the sensory fibres in a given somatic nerve.

29
Q

What are the three parts of the trigeminal nerve

A

Pt 1 - opthalmic (sensory)
pt 2 - maxillary (sensory)
pt 3 - mandibular (motor and sensory!) - BOTH

30
Q

where on the face does CN V1 innervate

A

most of forehead, upper eyelid, bridge/tip of nose NOT nostrils

31
Q

Where does CNV2 innervate on the face

A

temple region, onto prominence of cheek, nostrils and top lip ONLY.

32
Q

what does CNV3 innervate on the face

A

posterior region of temple, onto beard line, onto prominence on chin and LOWER LIP.

33
Q

what nerve is the angle of the mandible supplied by

A

the great auricular nerve

34
Q

Name the MAIN branch of the opthalmic division in terms of sensory nerve supply to the face

A

supra-orbital nerve supplying forehead

35
Q

name the MAIN nerve branch of the maxillary division

A

infra-orbital nerve (supplying the majority of the mid-face and upper lip)

36
Q

name the MAIN nerve branch of the mandibular division

A

Mental nerve supplying majority of lower face and lower lip

37
Q

where do the supra-orbital nerves come through in the skull?

A

supra-orbital foraminae

38
Q

where do the infra-orbital nerves pass through

A

infra-orbital foraminae

39
Q

where do they mental nerves pass through

A

mental foraminae

40
Q

How can we clinically test the sensory component of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • ask pt to close there eyes
  • gently brush the skin in each dermatome with cotton wool
  • ask pt to tell you when they feel there skin being touched
  • compare the 2 sides

FINALS EXAM FLASHCARDS (5 decks)

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