ANATOMY - IO & EO SURFACE ANATOMY Flashcards
What are the 4 layers (structure) of facial skin? - from out to in/superficial to deep.
- very little deep fascia on the face* Epidermis, Dermis, Superficial fascia, Deep fascia
Where are the muscles of facial expression found?
THE SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
What cranial nerve is the facial skin innervated by?
TRIGEMINAL NERVE (anteriorly)
SPINAL NERVE (posterior part of head)
What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
FACIAL NERVE - mainly in anterior part of face around sphincters
What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication in the POSTERIOR part of the face?
ALL INNERVATED BY CNV3 (trigeminal nerve pt 3) - this is around the ramus of mandible and TMJ
What are the different muscles composing the face?
Forehead - Frontalis muscle
Around the eye - Orbicularis oculi
Just below the eye socket - quadratus superioris
Around the mouth - Orbicularis oris
Neck region - Platysma
Name the muscles involved with mastication & the nerve that innervates it.
Temporalis, Masseter (from cheekbone to angle of mandible- helps elevate jaw), Lateral pterygoid and Medial Pterygoid - ALL INNERVATE BY CNV3 (mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)
Name the 3 salivary glands
Parotid gland (superficial to masseter muscle), submandibular gland, sublingual gland (located on floor of mouth)
where does the parotid duct come out of?
Near the upper second molar. this is why we may find a buccal accumulation of calculus.
Where does the submandibular duct come out of?
underneath the front part of the tongue on the FOM.
where does the sublingual ducts come out from?
below the mucosa of the FOM, above the mylohyoid muscle. these are the openings for the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands.
Where does the facial artery arise from?
It is a branch off of the external carotid artery
List the 8 branches of the external carotid that arterially supply the face
(Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students)
Superior Thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
What vein does venous drainage of the face drain into?
Drains into the internal jugular vein
Name the branches of veins allowing venous drainage of the face
List the 4 paranasal sinuses of the face
Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal cells (just below frontal sinus)
Maxillary sinuses
Sphenoidal sinus
What is the main STRUCTURE in the lower part of the face?
THE MOUTH
What muscle is the mouth surrounded by?
ORBICULARIS ORIS
List the 6 anatomical features of the lips/mouth
Vermillion border (junction of lip and normal skin)
Upper/lower lip
Fissure
Commissure (part where the lateral aspects of the upper and lower vermillion border meet)
Philtrum (groove that runs from top of the lip to the nose)
What anatomical bone features compose the TMJ
Glenoid fossa (lodges the condyle of the mandible - sort of like a bony depression) and condylar head
What muscle is the tongue made up of?
Skeletal muscle
What type of mucosa covers the tongue?
lingual mucosa
Describe how the tongue can be split up.
can be split into :
- anterior 2/3rds - this is the part of the tongue that is horizontal, in the oral cavity and freely moveable.
- posterior 1/3rd - this is the vertical part, not in oral cavity and fixed.
what is the terminal sulcus of the tongue
- v-shaped groove
- seperates anterior 2/3rds from posterior 1/3rd!
what is the foramen caecum of the tongue?
- IT IS LOCATED AT THE APEX OF THE TERMINAL SULCUS.
-this is the ORIGIN of the thyroid gland
Looking at dorsal view of the tongue, name the 4 different papillae types and describe the function.
- vallate
- foliate
- fungiform
- filliform
ALL SURFACE TEXTURE PAPILLAE - TOUCH TEMPERATURE TASTE ETC) apart from vallate papillae.
What causes a tongue tie in a patient?
Caused in the frenulum of the tongue - frenulum is too short and therefore binds the tongue to the gingivae of the lower incisor teeth.
Where is the hard palate located in the mouth?
Anterior 2/3rds of the mouth
Where is the soft palate located in the mouth?
Posterior 1/3rd
what is the function of the soft palate? (4)
- it functions as a TRAPDOOR
- stops food entering the nose during swallowing
- directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing coughing and vomiting
- helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex
where is the oropharynx located
at the level of C2&C3
