ANATOMY - IO & EO SURFACE ANATOMY

Question 1

What are the 4 layers (structure) of facial skin? - from out to in/superficial to deep.

Answer 1

• very little deep fascia on the face* Epidermis, Dermis, Superficial fascia, Deep fascia

Question 2

Where are the muscles of facial expression found?

Answer 2

THE SUPERFICIAL FASCIA

Question 3

What cranial nerve is the facial skin innervated by?

Answer 3

TRIGEMINAL NERVE (anteriorly)
SPINAL NERVE (posterior part of head)

Question 4

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 4

FACIAL NERVE - mainly in anterior part of face around sphincters

Question 5

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication in the POSTERIOR part of the face?

Answer 5

ALL INNERVATED BY CNV3 (trigeminal nerve pt 3) - this is around the ramus of mandible and TMJ

Question 6

What are the different muscles composing the face?

Answer 6

Forehead - Frontalis muscle
Around the eye - Orbicularis oculi
Just below the eye socket - quadratus superioris
Around the mouth - Orbicularis oris
Neck region - Platysma

Question 7

Name the muscles involved with mastication & the nerve that innervates it.

Answer 7

Temporalis, Masseter (from cheekbone to angle of mandible- helps elevate jaw), Lateral pterygoid and Medial Pterygoid - ALL INNERVATE BY CNV3 (mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)

Question 8

Name the 3 salivary glands

Answer 8

Parotid gland (superficial to masseter muscle), submandibular gland, sublingual gland (located on floor of mouth)

Question 9

where does the parotid duct come out of?

Answer 9

Near the upper second molar. this is why we may find a buccal accumulation of calculus.

Question 10

Where does the submandibular duct come out of?

Answer 10

underneath the front part of the tongue on the FOM.

Question 11

where does the sublingual ducts come out from?

Answer 11

below the mucosa of the FOM, above the mylohyoid muscle. these are the openings for the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands.

Question 12

Where does the facial artery arise from?

Answer 12

It is a branch off of the external carotid artery

Question 13

List the 8 branches of the external carotid that arterially supply the face

Answer 13

(Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students)
Superior Thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

Question 14

What vein does venous drainage of the face drain into?

Answer 14

Drains into the internal jugular vein

Question 15

Name the branches of veins allowing venous drainage of the face

Question 16

List the 4 paranasal sinuses of the face

Answer 16

Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal cells (just below frontal sinus)
Maxillary sinuses
Sphenoidal sinus

Question 17

What is the main STRUCTURE in the lower part of the face?

Answer 17

THE MOUTH

Question 18

What muscle is the mouth surrounded by?

Answer 18

ORBICULARIS ORIS

Question 19

List the 6 anatomical features of the lips/mouth

Answer 19

Vermillion border (junction of lip and normal skin)
Upper/lower lip
Fissure
Commissure (part where the lateral aspects of the upper and lower vermillion border meet)
Philtrum (groove that runs from top of the lip to the nose)

Question 20

What anatomical bone features compose the TMJ

Answer 20

Glenoid fossa (lodges the condyle of the mandible - sort of like a bony depression) and condylar head

Question 21

What muscle is the tongue made up of?

Answer 21

Skeletal muscle

Question 22

What type of mucosa covers the tongue?

Answer 22

lingual mucosa

Question 23

Describe how the tongue can be split up.

Answer 23

can be split into :
- anterior 2/3rds - this is the part of the tongue that is horizontal, in the oral cavity and freely moveable.
- posterior 1/3rd - this is the vertical part, not in oral cavity and fixed.

Question 24

what is the terminal sulcus of the tongue

Answer 24

• v-shaped groove
• seperates anterior 2/3rds from posterior 1/3rd!

Question 25

what is the foramen caecum of the tongue?

Answer 25

• IT IS LOCATED AT THE APEX OF THE TERMINAL SULCUS.
  -this is the ORIGIN of the thyroid gland

Question 26

Looking at dorsal view of the tongue, name the 4 different papillae types and describe the function.

Answer 26

• vallate
• foliate
• fungiform
• filliform
  ALL SURFACE TEXTURE PAPILLAE - TOUCH TEMPERATURE TASTE ETC) apart from vallate papillae.

Question 27

What causes a tongue tie in a patient?

Answer 27

Caused in the frenulum of the tongue - frenulum is too short and therefore binds the tongue to the gingivae of the lower incisor teeth.

Question 28

Where is the hard palate located in the mouth?

Answer 28

Anterior 2/3rds of the mouth

Question 29

Where is the soft palate located in the mouth?

Answer 29

Posterior 1/3rd

Question 30

what is the function of the soft palate? (4)

Answer 30

• it functions as a TRAPDOOR
• stops food entering the nose during swallowing
• directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing coughing and vomiting
• helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex

Question 31

where is the oropharynx located

Answer 31

at the level of C2&C3