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Anatomy SEM 2 > Muscles of Abdomen, neck and back > Flashcards

Muscles of Abdomen, neck and back Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of abdominal wall (anterior)

A

Rectus abdominis, External oblique, Internal oblique, Transverse abdominis, pyramidalis

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2
Q

Muscles of abdominal wall (posterior)

A

Quadratus lumborum, Psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus

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3
Q

Rectus abdominis attachments and actions

A

Prox- Xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Dis- pubic crest and symphysis

Bilaterally= flexion of trunk, increase abdominal pressure
Unilaterally= lateral flexion of trunk

Enclosed by rectus sheath

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4
Q

External oblique attachments and actions

A

Prox- outer border of lower 8 ribs and costal cartilages
Dis- iliac crest, linea alba

Bilaterally= flexion of trunk, increases intra abdominal pressure
Unilaterally= lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of trunk

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5
Q

Internal oblique attachments and actions

A

Prox- Lower border of lower 4 ribs and costal cartilages
Dis-iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia (3 layers), inguinal ligament and linea alba

Bilaterally=flexion of trunk, increase intra abdominal pressure
Unilaterally= Lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of trunk

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6
Q

Transverse abdominis attachments and actions

A

Prox- inner surface of costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs
Dis- iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, linea alba

Bilaterally= increases intra abdominal pressure
Unilaterally= Ipsilateral rotation of trunk

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7
Q

Pyramidalis attachments and actions

A

Prox= pubic crest
Dis= linea alba
Action= tense linea alba

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8
Q

Quadratus lumborum attachments and actions

A

Prox- medial half of lower border of rib 12, transverse processes of C1-C5
Dis- iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
Action- Bilaterally= extension of trunk, flexes rib 12 during inspiration
Unilaterally= lateral flexion of the trunk

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9
Q

Psoas major attachments and actions

A

Prox- bodies and transverse processes of T12-C5 vertebrae and intervening IVDs
Dis- lesser tubercle of femur
Action in trunks-Bilaterally- flexion of trunk
Unilaterally- lateral flexion of trunk

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10
Q

Psoas minor attachments and actions

A

Prox- bodies of T12-C1 vertebrae and intervening IVD
Dis- iliopubic eminence, iliac fascia
Action- weak flexion of trunk

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11
Q

Intermediate layer of back muscles and their actions

A

Serratus posterior superior- elevates ribs
Serratus posterior inferior- depresses ribs

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12
Q

Erector spinae group muscles

A

-Iliocostalis lumborum
-Iliocostalis thoracis
-Iliocostalis cervicis
-Longissimus thoracis
-Longissimus cervicis
-Longissimus capitis
-Spinalis thoracis
-Spinalis cervicis
-Spinalis capitis

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13
Q

Iliocostalis muscle

A

-Most lateral column
-Attaches to angles of ribs
Actions- Bilaterally= extension of trunk and neck
Unilaterally= lateral flexion of trunk and neck

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14
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum

A

From common origin to angles of lower ribs

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15
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis

A

From angles of lower ribs to angles of upper ribs

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16
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis

A

From angles of upper ribs to transverse processes of lower cervical vertebrae

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17
Q

Longissimus muscle

A

-Intermediate column
-Attaches to transverse processes of vertebrae
-Actions- Bilaterally= extension of trunk, neck and head
Unilaterally= lateral flexion of trunk, neck and head (although not strong)

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18
Q

Longissimus thoracis

A

From common origin of transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae and adjacent ribs

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19
Q

Longissimus cervicis

A

From transverse processes of upper thoracic vertebrae to transverse processes of middle cervical vertebrae

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20
Q

Longissimus capitis

A

From transverse processes of upper thoracic and middle cervical vertebrae to skull (mastoid process of temporal bone)

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21
Q

Spinalis muscle

A

-Most medial
-Attaches to spinous processes of vertebrae
Actions- Bilaterally= extension of trunk, neck and head
Unilaterally- Lateral flexion of the trunk, neck and head (although not strong)

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22
Q

Spinalis thoracis (most developed and easiest to see)

A

From spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae to spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

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23
Q

Spinalis cervicis

A

From spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae to spinous process of cervical vertebrae

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24
Q

Spinalis capitis

A

Extensions of medial portion of semispinalis capitis

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25
Q

Transversospinalis group muscles

A

-Semispinalis thoracis
-Semispinalis cervicis
-Semispinalis capitis
-Multifidus
-Rotatores

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26
Q

Semispinalis muscle

A

-Most superficial
-Muscle fibres span many (5-7) vertebral segments
Actions- Bilaterally= extension of trunk, head and neck
Unilaterally- Contralateral rotation of trunk, neck and head

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27
Q

Semispinalis thoracis

A

From transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebrae to spinous processes of upper thoracic lower cervical vertebrae

28
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

A

From transverse processes of upper thoracic to Spinous processes of middle cervical vertebrae

29
Q

Semispinalis capitis (largest part)

A

From transverse processes of upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae to skull (occipital bone)

30
Q

Multifidus

A

-Intermediate layer
-Muscle fibres span 2-5 vertebral segments
-Found along entire length of vertebral column
-Most developed in lumbar region
-Actions= Bilaterally= extension of trunk and neck
Unilaterally= lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of trunk and neck

31
Q

Rotatores

A

-Deepest layers
-Muscle fibres span 1-2 vertebral segments
-Long and short fibres
-Most developed in thoracic region
Actions- Bilaterally= contralateral rotation of trunk in the thoracic region
-Provides stability

32
Q

Unisegmental group muscles

A

-Interspinales
-Intertransversarii

33
Q

Interspinales

A

Vertical fibres spanning between adjacent spinous processes
-Most developed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column (often absent in thoracic region)
Action- assist in extension of trunk
Function-stability

34
Q

Intertransversarii

A

-Vertical fibres spanning between adjacent transverse processes
-Most developed in the cervical and lumbar regions of vertebral column (often absent in thoracic region)
Action- assist in lateral flexion of trunk
Function- stability

35
Q

Movers of deep back muscles

A

-produce trunk, neck and head movements
-erector spinae, semispinalis, multifidus

36
Q

Stabilisers of deep back muscles

A

-Provide intersegmental stability to the trunk during movement
-Multifidus
-Rotatores
-Interspinales
-Intertransversarii

37
Q

Deep back muscles that will provide proprioceptive feedback

A

-Rotatores
-Interspinales
-Intertransversarii

38
Q

Deep back muscles that protect the zygapophyseal joint

A

-Multifidus

39
Q

Dorsal ramus medial branch innervation of deep back muscles

A

-Spinales
-Transversospinalis group
-Unisegmental group
-Zygapophyseal group

40
Q

Dorsal ramus lateral branch innervation of deep back muscles

A

-Longissimus
-Iliocostalis

41
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia functions

A

-Acts as a retinaculum for back muscles
-Provides attachment for anterior and limb muscles
-Contributes to stablising lumbar vertebral column
–Contributes to the stability of sacroiliac joint- aids in transferring load between spine, pelvis and lower limb

42
Q

Lumbopelvic stability box

A

Posterior walls- quadratus lumborum and psoas major

Diaphragm- roof

Anterolateral walls- abdominal walls (EO,IO,RA,TrA)

Pelvic floor- floor

43
Q

Lumbopelvic stability steps

A

1.Co contraction of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles stiffens trunk which is important for trunk stability during high load tasks
2. Changes in intra abdominal pressure- Contraction of Transverse abdominis, diaphragm and pelvic floor muscles, increase in spinal stiffness
3. Thoracolumbar fascia- tension here (transverse abdominis) when combined with intra abdominal pressure increases spinal stiffness.

44
Q

Anterior muscles of the neck

A

-Sternocleidomastoid
-Platysma
-Longus colli
-Longus capitis
-Rectus capitis anterior

45
Q

Posterior muscles of the neck

A

-Levator scapulae
-Trapezius
-Splenius cervicis
-Splenius capitis
-Sub-occipital group

46
Q

Muscles of the sub-occipital group

A

-Rectus capitis posterior minor
-Rectus capitis posterior major
-Superior oblique
-Inferior oblique

47
Q

Other muscles of neck

A

-Scalenes= anterior, medius and posterior
-Rectus capitis lateralis

48
Q

Sternocleidmastoid

A

-Flexion of head and neck
-Flexion of neck
-Lateral flexion of head and neck
-Lateral flexion of neck
-Head and neck rotation

Accessory nerve

49
Q

Platysma

A
50
Q

Longus colli

A

Flexion of neck

anterior primary rami of C3, C4, C5 and C6

51
Q

Longus capitis

A

-Flexion of head
-Flexion of head and neck

anterior primary rami of C1, C2, C3 and occasionally C4

52
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

-Flexion of head

Anterior primary rami of C1 and C2

53
Q

Scalenus anterior

A

-Flexion of neck
-Lateral flexion of neck
-Rotation of neck

Anterior primary rami C4, C5 and C6

54
Q

Scalenus medius

A

-Lateral flexion of neck

Anterior primary rami of C3-C8 inclusive

55
Q

Scalenus posterior

A

-Lateral flexion of neck

Anterior primary rami of C6, C7 and C8

56
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis

A

-Lateral flexion of head

Anterior primary rami C1 and C2

57
Q

Levator scapulae

A

-Extension of neck
-Lateral flexion of neck
-Elevation and retraction of scapula

Dorsal scapula nerve C5 and directly from ventral rami of C3 and C4

58
Q

Trapezius

A

-Extension of head and neck
-Lateral flexion of head and neck

Accessory nerve and ventral rami C3 and C4

59
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

-Extension of neck
-Lateral flexion of neck
-Rotation of neck

Posterior primary rami C5, C6 and C7

60
Q

Splenius capitis

A

-Extension of head and neck
-Extension of neck
-Lateral flexion of head and neck
-Rotation of head and neck

Posterior primary rami C3, C4 and C5

61
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

-Extension of head on neck
-Rotation of head

Posterior primary rami C1

62
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A

-Extension of head on neck
–Rotation of head

Posterior primary rami C1

63
Q

Superior oblique

A

-Extension of head on neck

Posterior primary rami C1

64
Q

Inferior oblique

A

-Rotation of head

Posterior primary rami C1

65
Q
A

Anatomy SEM 2 (4 decks)

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