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Anatomy SEM 2 > BONES AND JOINTS OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN > Flashcards

BONES AND JOINTS OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of annulus fibrosus

A

-Retain nucleus pulposus
-Allow and limit movement

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2
Q

Functions of cartilage end plate

A

-Transmit weight to adjacent vertebral body
-Confines nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus
-Role in securing nutrition for disc

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3
Q

Functions of nucleus pulposus

A

-Shock absorber- rapidly applied loads are temporally diverted into bracing annulus fibrosus
-Force distributer

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4
Q

Ligaments of the vertebral column

A

-Anterior longitudinal ligament
-Posterior longitudinal ligament
-Ligamentum flavum
-Supraspinous ligament
-Interspinous ligament
-Intertransverse ligament

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5
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

-Extends from C1 to sacrum attaching to anterior surface of vertebral bodies and discs
-Broad and strong
-Outer fibres span 3-4 segments, inner fibres spam 1 segment
-Limit extension

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6
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

-Extends from C2 to sacrum attaching to posterior surfaces of margin of vertebral bodies and discs
-Separated from vertebral bodies by venous plexus
-Weak and narrow in lumbar area
-Limits flexion

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7
Q

Ligamentum flavum ligament

A

-Contains large amount of elastic tissue
-Connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae
-Attach to anterior part of capsule of Z joint
- Brakes flexion, protects Z joint capsules and protects neural tissue

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8
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

-Connects aspices of spinous processes from C7 to sacrum
-May be absent in low lumbar area
-Expand as ligamentum nichae over cervical area
-Limits flexion

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

-Connects spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
-Limits flexion

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11
Q

Intertransverse ligament

A

Connects transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
-Limit lateral flexion

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12
Q

General characteristics of vertebrae

A

Vertebral body- weightbearing and movement
Vertebral arch- protection and movement
Vertebral foramen- passageway

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13
Q

Functions of vertebral column

A

-Support upper body weight
-Protect spinal cord and nerves
-allow trunk movement

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14
Q

Number of vertebrae in each region

A

Cerical- 7 vertebrae
Thoracic- 12 vertebrae
Lumbar- 5 vertebrae
Sacral- 5 fused vertebrae
Coccygeal- 4 fused vertebrae

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15
Q

Vertebral column movements

A

-Determined by articular triad (interbody and z joints of each segment)
-Flexion and extension
-Right and left lateral rotation
-Right and left rotation
*segmental range of movement small but total range large

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16
Q

Zygapophyseal joint classification, articular surfaces and articular capsule

A

-Synovial, multiaxial, plane
AS- inferior articular facet of vertebrae above and superior articular facet of vertebrae below
AC- Loose but reinforced by ligamentum flavum and multifidus

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17
Q

Zygapophyseal joint movements and orientation

A

-Large range of flexion and extension of neck
-Lateral flexion and rotation in neck coupled ipsilaterally
-Orientated in an almost transverse plane (tilted from coronal plane)

18
Q

Functions of zygapophyseal joint

A

-Determine direction and range of vertebral column movement
-To bear weight (67% cervical, 15% lumbar)

19
Q

Regions of spine curves

A

Thoracic/sacral region= kyphotic (primary/structural) curve
Cervical/lumbar region= lordotic (secondary/functional) curve

20
Q

Vertebral column curvatures and functions

A

-Thoracic kyphosis and Lumbar lordosis
-Increases shock absorbing function of vertebral column

21
Q

Joints of the cervical spine

A

Atlas- C1, holds head, no body but has two lateral masses united by two arches

Axis- C2, provides axis of rotation of head

22
Q

Joints of lower cervical spine (C3-C7)

A

-Zygapophyseal joint
-Interbody joint
-Uncovertebral joint

23
Q

Atlanto-axial joint ligaments

A

-Transverse ligament
-Cruciform ligament
-Alar ligament
-Apical ligament
-Tectorial membrane

24
Q

Alar ligament

A

-From tip of dens to medial side of occipital condyles
-Limit flexion, lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of head

25
Q

Apical ligament

A

-From tip of dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum
-Anterior to superior longitudinal band of cruciform ligament

26
Q

Cruciform ligament

A

Limits flexion

27
Q

Transverse ligament of axis

A

Limits anterior glide of C1 during flexion

28
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint ligaments

A

Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes- limit all movement at atlanto-axial joints

ant- from anterior arch of C1 to anterior margin of foramen margin

pos- from posterior arch of C1 to posterior margin of foramen

29
Q

Atlanto-occipital joints classification and movements

A

-Synovial, biaxial, ellipsoid
-Flexion/extension
-Lateral flexion and rotation coupled contralaterally

30
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint Articular surface and articular capsule

A

-Superior articular facets of C1 and occipital condyles of skull
-Thin and loose=free motion of head

31
Q

Uncovertebral Joints Classification and movement

A

-Synovial
-Large range of movement
-Develop as annulus fibrosus of IVDs degenerate

32
Q

Uncovertebral joint Articular surface

A

Lateral aspect of inferior surface of vertebral body above and uncinate process of vertebra below

33
Q

Line of gravity

A

It passes through junctions of normal vertebral column curves

34
Q

Atlanto-axial joints (three joints acting as one)

A

1x median atlanto-axial joint= Synovial, multiaxial, pivot

2x lateral atlanto-axial joints= Synovial, multiaxial plane (zygapophyseal joints)

-Rotation of head, C1 and the head rotate as a unit on C2

35
Q

Craniovertebral Joints

A

-Involve occipital condyles, C1 and C2
-Include= atlanto-occipital joints and atlanto-axial joints

36
Q

Cervical region (C3-C7)

A

-Superior articular facets tipped forward from coronal plane
-Conjunction rotation-ipsilateral coupled with lateral flexion
-Large range of flexion/extension which can lead to IVD degeneration (fissures in annulus fibrosus

37
Q

Thoracic region

A

-Superior articular facet close to the coronal plane
-Equal range of movements in all directions
-All movements limited in range due to ribs

38
Q

Lumbar region

A

-J shaped articular facets in upper lumbar region (coronal and sagittal plane)
-Very limited rotation- sagittal portion
-Protection for the intervertebral disc- coronal portion

39
Q

Components of the intervertebral disc

A

-Cartilage end plate
-Annulus fibrosus
-Nucleus pulposus

40
Q

Interbody joint classification and articular surfaces

A

-Secondary cartilaginous joint
Inferior surface of vertebral body above and superior surface of vertebral body below

41
Q

Interbody joint facts

A

-Varies in thickness
-Thickest in lumbar spine and thinnest in upper thoracic
-Avascular
-Gain nutrition via diffusion from vertebral bodies
-Only supplied by nerves at their periphery

42
Q

Interbody joint functions

A

-Determine movement
-Oblique orientation of annulus fibres means that shear movement in every direction is limited
-Length of annulus fibrosus allows rocking movements
-Weightbearing loads= radial expansion of nucleus pulposus and tension in annulus fibrosus

Anatomy SEM 2 (4 decks)

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