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muscles locomotore Flashcards

1
Q

biceps brachii

A

long head
o: supraglenoid tubercle
abductor
prevents superior dislocation of the head of the humerus
short head
o: coracoid process
prevents inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus
in: radial tuberosity
flexor of the elbow joint, supinator

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2
Q

serratus anterior

A

o: from the first to the 9th rib
in: anteromedial border of scapula
action: abduction of scapula and upwards rotation

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3
Q

trapezius

A

o: from occipital bone and from all the spinous processes from C7 to T12
in: acromion, acromial end of clavicle and spine of the scapula
superior part
-upward rotation, elevation of scapula, extension of the neck (if both sides are stretched together), lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of neck (if only one side is stretched)
lower part: upward rotation, adduction and depression of scapula
middle: helps the lower trapezius in upward rotation and adduction

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4
Q

rhomboid major and minor

A

o: spinous processes of the last 2 cervical vertebrae and first 4 thoracic vertebrae
in: medial border of scapula
action: downward rotation, adduction and elevation of the scapula

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5
Q

pectoralis minor

A

o: from the 3rd to the 5th rib
in: coracoid process
elevation of the ribs from the 3rd to the 5th and depression of scapula

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6
Q

levator scapulae

A

o: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
in: upper medial border of scapula, superior angle
elevation and downward rotation of scapula
lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of cervical spine

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7
Q

deltoid

A

o: acromial end of clavicle, spine of scapula and acromion
in: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
action: abduction from the first to the last degrees of actions
anterior and middle parts: horiz. abduction and flexion
posterior part: hor abduction and extension of glenohumeral joint

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8
Q

supraspinatus

A

o: supraspinous fossa
in: greater tubercle
action: abduction from 0 to 60* (it helps the deltoid
NB: all range of motions of abduction is given by the deltoid)

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9
Q

infraspinatus

A

o: infraspinous fossa
in: greater tubercle of humerus
action: external rotation

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10
Q

teres minor

A

o: lateral border of scapula
in: greater tubercle
action: external rotation

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11
Q

subscapularis

A

o: subscapular fossa
in: lesser tubercle
action: internal rotation

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12
Q

teres major

A

o:inferior angle of scapula
in:lesser tubercle
action: internal rotation, adduction and extension of glenohumeral joint

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13
Q

pectoralis major

A

o: clavicle, costal cartilages from 2nd to 7th ribs
in: crest of greater tubercle
adduction, internal rotation and flexion of the glenohumeral joint

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14
Q

coracobrachialis muscle

A

o: coracoid process
in: medial surface of humeral shaft
action: flexion of glenohumeral joint

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15
Q

brachialis

A

o: anterior side of humerus
in: proximal anterior part of ulna
action: flexion of forearm

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16
Q

triceps brachii

A

long head: inferior tubercle of glenoid cavity
lateral head: proximal posterior part of humerus
medial head: medial posterior part of humerus
action: extension of elbow
the long head helps with the extension of the glenohumeral joint

in: olecranon of ulna

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17
Q

brachioradialis muscle

A

o: lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
in: radial styloid process
action: flexion
pronator in extreme supination
supinator in extreme pronation

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18
Q

flexor muscles of forearm superficial layer

A

flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris and pronator teres

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19
Q

flexor muscles of forearm intermediate layer

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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20
Q

flexor muscles of forearm deep layer

A

flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus

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21
Q

pronator teres

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process
in: lateral surface of radius
flexion and pronation of forearm

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22
Q

palmaris longus

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus
in: apex of palmar aponeurosis and distal half of flexor retinaculum
flexes the wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis

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23
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus
in: base of second metacarpal bone
abduction and flexion of the wrist

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24
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and ulnar posterior border
in: hamate, pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal bone
adduction and flexion of the wrist

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25
flexor digitorum superficialis
o: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process in: middle phalanges of medial 4 digits flexes middle phalanges of medial 4 digits at proximal interphalangeal joint and proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joint
26
pronator quadratus
o: distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna in: distal quarter of anterior surface of radius pronation of forearm, supports the interosseous membrane
27
flexor digitorum profundus
o: proximal, medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane in: base of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits flexes distal phalanges of medial 4 digits at distal interphalangeal joints
28
flexor pollicis longus
o: anterior surface of radius in: base of distal phalanx of thumb flexion of the thumb
29
extensor muscles of forearm superficial layer
extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digiti minimi brachioradialis extensor digitorum extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis
30
extensor carpi ulnaris
o: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis by the flexor carpi ulnaris in: base of 5th metacarpal bone (dorsal side) adduction and extension of the hand at wrist joint
31
extensor digitorum
o: lateral epicondyle of humerus in: distal phalanges of medial 4 digits (dorsal side) extension of middle 4 digits at metacarpophalangeal and at interphalangeal joint
32
extensor carpi radialis brevis
o: lateral epicondyle in: dorsal side of base of 3rd metacarpal bone extension and abduction of hand at wrist joint
33
extensor carpi radialis longus
o: lateral supra epicondylar ridge of humerus in: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal bone extension and abduction of wrist joint
34
brachioradialis
o: lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus in: radial styloid process action: weak flexion of forearm, maximal when is in a midpronated position
35
extensor digiti minimi
o: lateral epicondyle of humerus in: dorsal side of distal phalanx of 5th digit extend the 5th digit primarly at metacarpophalangeal and then interphalangeal
36
deep layer of extensor muscles of the forearm
supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis
37
supinator
o: lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator fossa, radial and annular collateral ligament, crest of ulna in: proximal surface of radius supinates the forearm
38
extensor indicis
o: posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane in: distal phalanx of 2nd digit extension of second digit
39
abductor pollicis longus
o: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane in: base of 1st metacarpal bone abduct the thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal
40
extensor pollicis brevis
o: posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane in: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb extends the thumb and carpometacarpal and metacarpo phalangeal
41
extensor pollicis longus
o: posterior distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane in: base of distal phalanx of thumb extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal, carpometacarpal and interphalangeal
42
extensor tendons are divided in 6 compartments by the extensor retinaculum
1) abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis 2) extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus 3)extensor pollicis longus 4)extensor digitorum and extensor indicis 5) extensor digiti minimi 6) extensor carpi ulnaris
43
thenar intrinsic muscles of the hand
adductor pollicis abductor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis flexor pollicis brevis
44
hypothenar intrinsic compartment of muscles of the hand
palmaris brevis opponens digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi
45
lumbricals muscles of hand
2 unipennate (1st and 2nd) 2 bipennate (3rd and 4th) Flexion of MCP and extension of proximal interphalangeal
46
interossei muscles of hand
palmar 3 unipennate digit adduction dorsal 4 bipennate digit abduction help in flexion of MCP
47
flexors of the hip anterior thigh muscles
sartorius, pectineus and iliopsoas muscles (psoas major, psoas minor and iliacus)
48
sartorius
o: anterior superior iliac spine in: pes anserinus of tibia (medial surface of proximal part of tibia) action: flexion of the hip, abduction of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the leg when the knee is flexed
49
pectineus
o: superior ramus of pubis in: pectineal line flexion and adduction of the thigh
50
iliopsoas muscles
psoas major o: T12-L5 and vertebral discs between them in: lesser trochanter of femur psoas minor: o:T12-L1 and disc in between in:iliopectineal eminence and pecten pubis iliacus o: iliac crest, iliac fossa in: lesser trochanter and proximal shaft of femur flexion of the thigh and ipsilateral flexion of the trunk
51
extensor of the knee, anterior thigh muscle
quadriceps femoris
52
quadriceps femoris
-rectus femoris o: anterior inferior iliac spine -vastus lateralis o: greater trochanter -vastus medialis o: trochanteric line -vastus intermedius anterior and lateral femural shaft insertion: anterior tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament/tendon action: extension of the leg at the knee joint rectus femoris helps the iliopsoas in the flexion of the thigh
53
medial thigh muscles (adductors)
adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor Magnus, gracilis and obturator externs
54
adductor brevis
o: inferior ramus of pubis, body of pubis in: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera of femur adduction of the hip, weak flexion of thigh
55
adductor longus
o: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest in: middle third of linea aspera of femur adduction of the hip and weak flexion of the thigh
56
adductor magnus
adductor part o: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium in: gluteal tuberosity, pectineal line and medial supraepicondylar line of femur hamstring part o: ischial tuberosity in: adductor tubercle of femur adduction of the thigh harmstring part helps in the extension of the leg adductor part in the flexion of the leg
57
gracilis
o: body and inferior ramus of pubis in: pes anserinus adduction and flexion of the hip, flexes the leg and helps medial rotation of the leg
58
obturator externs
o: obturator foramen in: trochanteric fossa lateral rotation of the hip
59
gluteal muscles superficial layer
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
60
gluteus maximus
o: posterior to posterior gluteal line in: iliotibial tract that inserts on the lateral condyle of the tibia extension of the hip, assists in lateral rotation of the hip
61
gluteus medius
o: between posterior and anterior gluteal line in: greater trochanter abducts and extends the hip joint, stabilizes the pelvis when the ipsilateral limb is weight baring
62
gluteus minimus
o: between anterior and inferior gluteal line in: greater trochanter of femur extension of the hip, abduction of hip and stabilizes the pelvis when the ipsilateral limb is weight baring
63
tensor fascia lata
o: anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest in: lateral condyle of tibia by ilotibial tract abduction and medial rotation of the hip joint, stabilizes the pelvis when the ipsilateral limb is weight baring
64
deep layer of gluteal compartment
piriformis superior gemelli inferior gemelli obturator internus quadratus femoris
65
piriformis
o: lateral surface of sacrum in: greater trochanter lateral rotates the extended hip and abducts the flexed thigh
66
superior and inferior gemelli
superior o: ischial spine in: greater trochanter inferior o: ischial tuberosity in:greater trochanter lateral rotation of extended hip and abduction of the flexed thigh
67
obturator interns
o: obturator foramen in: greater trochanter action: lateral rotation of extended hip and abduction of flexed thigh
68
quadratus femoris
o: ischial tuberosity in: intertrochanteric crest lateral rotation of the hip
69
muscles of posterior thigh (hamstring muscles)
semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris
70
semitendinosus
o: ischial tuberosity in: pes anserinus extensor of the hip, flexor of knee and medial rotation of the leg
71
semimembranosus
o: ischial tuberosity in:posterior medial condyle of tibia extension of hip, flexion of knee and medial rotation of the leg
72
biceps femoris
long head o: ischial tuberosity short head o: linea aspera and lateral supraepicondylar line of femur in: head of fibula with one single tendon flexes the leg and rotates it laterally the long head extends the thigh
73
gastrocnemius
o: posterior femoral condyles in: calcaneous by Achille's tendon flexion of the knee joint during walking, antagonist of the quadriceps plantarflexes the ankle when the knee is extended
74
popliteus
o:lateral femoral condyle in: medial posterior proximal aspect of tibia medial rotation and flexion of the knee
75
anterior compartment of the leg (extensor)
tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius extensor hallucis longus
76
tibialis anterior
o: lateral tibial plateau in: first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform bone dorsiflexion of ankle and inverts the foot
77
extensor digitorum longus
o:lateral condyle of tibia and superior medial surface of fibula in: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits extensor of the digits, dorsiflexion of the ankle and pronation of the foot
78
extensor hallucis longus
o: middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane in: distal phalanx of great toe dorsiflexes the ankle and extends great toe
79
fibularis tertius
inferior anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane in: base of 5th metatarsal dorsiflexion of ankle and eversion of foot
80
lateral Everton compartment of the leg
fibularis longus fibularis brevis
81
fibularis longus
o: superior lateral surface of fibula and head of fibula in: 1 metatarsal and medial cuneiform evertor of foot and weakly plantarflexes the ankle
82
fibularis brevis
o:inferior lateral surface of fibula in: 5th metatarsal Evertor of foot and weakly plantarflexes the ankle
83
posterior superficial compartment of the leg
gastrocnemius soleus (gastrocnemius+ soleus=triceps surae) plantaris
84
soleus
o: posterior head of fibula, posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, posterior surface of tibia in: posterior surface of calcaneous by calcaneal tendon plantarflexes the ankle independently from the position of the knee
85
plantaris
o: lateral supraepicondylar line of femur in:posterior surface of calcaneous by calcaneal tendon helps the gastrocnemius in the plantarflexion of the ankle
86
posterior deep compartment of the leg
tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus popliteus
87
tibialis posterior
o: posterior surface of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane in: 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal, navicular, cuneiform, calcaneous and cuboid plantarflexion of ankle and inversion of the foot
88
flexor digitorum longus
o: posterior surface of tibia in: distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits flexion of 4 digits, plantarflexion of the ankle supports the longitudinal arch of foot
89
flexor hallucis longus
o: posterior surface of fibula in: distal phalanx of hallux flexes the hallux and plantarflexes the ankle
90
dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot
extensor digitorum brevis ->extends digits at proximal interphalangeal joint extensor hallucis brevis ->extends hallux at metacarpophalangeal interossei muscles 4 bipennate digit abduction (except the one in between the hallux and the second digit which does adduction)
91
palmar intrinsic muscles of foot
abductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis flexor digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi lumbricals plantar interossei (3 unipennate, digit adduction)
92
extrinsic superficial muscles of the spine
trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae rhomboids
93
intermediate extrinsic muscle of spine
serratus posterior elevate second to 5th rib assists rotation and extension of the trunk
94
superficial intrinsic muscle of the spine
splenius -splenius cervicis -splenius capitis acting alone: lateral flexion and rotation of the neck to the side of active contraction acting together: extension of head and neck
95
intermediate intrinsic muscle
erector spinae iliocostalis longissimus spinalis when it acts unilaterally, lateral flexion of the vertebral column when it acts bilaterally extension of the vertebral column and neck
96
deep intrinsic muscles of the spine
semispinalis multifidus rotatores brevis and longus interspinales intertransversarii levatores costorum
97
semispinales
acting on one side: contralateral rotation of cervical and thoracic region of vertebral column both sides: extension of thoracic and cervical region of vertebral column
98
multifidus
on one side: contralateral rotation of trunk both sides: extension of trunk
99
rotatores brevis and longus
help in trunk rotatory movements
100
interspinales
helps in extension of the vertebral column
101
intertransversarii
helps in lateral flexion of trunk if acting on one side, stabilize the column if acting bilaterally
102
levatores costorum
elevate ribs, assist respiration. assist with lateral flexion of vertebral column

locomotor system (4 decks)

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