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locomotor system > muscles locomotore > Flashcards

muscles locomotore Flashcards

1
Q

biceps brachii

A

long head
o: supraglenoid tubercle
abductor
prevents superior dislocation of the head of the humerus
short head
o: coracoid process
prevents inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus
in: radial tuberosity
flexor of the elbow joint, supinator

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2
Q

serratus anterior

A

o: from the first to the 9th rib
in: anteromedial border of scapula
action: abduction of scapula and upwards rotation

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3
Q

trapezius

A

o: from occipital bone and from all the spinous processes from C7 to T12
in: acromion, acromial end of clavicle and spine of the scapula
superior part
-upward rotation, elevation of scapula, extension of the neck (if both sides are stretched together), lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of neck (if only one side is stretched)
lower part: upward rotation, adduction and depression of scapula
middle: helps the lower trapezius in upward rotation and adduction

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4
Q

rhomboid major and minor

A

o: spinous processes of the last 2 cervical vertebrae and first 4 thoracic vertebrae
in: medial border of scapula
action: downward rotation, adduction and elevation of the scapula

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5
Q

pectoralis minor

A

o: from the 3rd to the 5th rib
in: coracoid process
elevation of the ribs from the 3rd to the 5th and depression of scapula

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6
Q

levator scapulae

A

o: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
in: upper medial border of scapula, superior angle
elevation and downward rotation of scapula
lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of cervical spine

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7
Q

deltoid

A

o: acromial end of clavicle, spine of scapula and acromion
in: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
action: abduction from the first to the last degrees of actions
anterior and middle parts: horiz. abduction and flexion
posterior part: hor abduction and extension of glenohumeral joint

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8
Q

supraspinatus

A

o: supraspinous fossa
in: greater tubercle
action: abduction from 0 to 60* (it helps the deltoid
NB: all range of motions of abduction is given by the deltoid)

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9
Q

infraspinatus

A

o: infraspinous fossa
in: greater tubercle of humerus
action: external rotation

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10
Q

teres minor

A

o: lateral border of scapula
in: greater tubercle
action: external rotation

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11
Q

subscapularis

A

o: subscapular fossa
in: lesser tubercle
action: internal rotation

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12
Q

teres major

A

o:inferior angle of scapula
in:lesser tubercle
action: internal rotation, adduction and extension of glenohumeral joint

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13
Q

pectoralis major

A

o: clavicle, costal cartilages from 2nd to 7th ribs
in: crest of greater tubercle
adduction, internal rotation and flexion of the glenohumeral joint

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14
Q

coracobrachialis muscle

A

o: coracoid process
in: medial surface of humeral shaft
action: flexion of glenohumeral joint

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15
Q

brachialis

A

o: anterior side of humerus
in: proximal anterior part of ulna
action: flexion of forearm

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16
Q

triceps brachii

A

long head: inferior tubercle of glenoid cavity
lateral head: proximal posterior part of humerus
medial head: medial posterior part of humerus
action: extension of elbow
the long head helps with the extension of the glenohumeral joint

in: olecranon of ulna

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17
Q

brachioradialis muscle

A

o: lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
in: radial styloid process
action: flexion
pronator in extreme supination
supinator in extreme pronation

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18
Q

flexor muscles of forearm superficial layer

A

flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris and pronator teres

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19
Q

flexor muscles of forearm intermediate layer

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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20
Q

flexor muscles of forearm deep layer

A

flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus

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21
Q

pronator teres

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process
in: lateral surface of radius
flexion and pronation of forearm

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22
Q

palmaris longus

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus
in: apex of palmar aponeurosis and distal half of flexor retinaculum
flexes the wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis

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23
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus
in: base of second metacarpal bone
abduction and flexion of the wrist

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24
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and ulnar posterior border
in: hamate, pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal bone
adduction and flexion of the wrist

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25
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

o: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process
in: middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
flexes middle phalanges of medial 4 digits at proximal interphalangeal joint and proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joint

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26
Q

pronator quadratus

A

o: distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
in: distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
pronation of forearm, supports the interosseous membrane

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27
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

o: proximal, medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
in: base of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits
flexes distal phalanges of medial 4 digits at distal interphalangeal joints

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28
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

o: anterior surface of radius
in: base of distal phalanx of thumb
flexion of the thumb

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29
Q

extensor muscles of forearm superficial layer

A

extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digiti minimi
brachioradialis
extensor digitorum
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis

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30
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

o: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis by the flexor carpi ulnaris
in: base of 5th metacarpal bone (dorsal side)
adduction and extension of the hand at wrist joint

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31
Q

extensor digitorum

A

o: lateral epicondyle of humerus
in: distal phalanges of medial 4 digits (dorsal side)
extension of middle 4 digits at metacarpophalangeal and at interphalangeal joint

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32
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

o: lateral epicondyle
in: dorsal side of base of 3rd metacarpal bone
extension and abduction of hand at wrist joint

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33
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

o: lateral supra epicondylar ridge of humerus
in: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal bone
extension and abduction of wrist joint

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34
Q

brachioradialis

A

o: lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
in: radial styloid process
action: weak flexion of forearm, maximal when is in a midpronated position

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35
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

o: lateral epicondyle of humerus
in: dorsal side of distal phalanx of 5th digit
extend the 5th digit primarly at metacarpophalangeal and then interphalangeal

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36
Q

deep layer of extensor muscles of the forearm

A

supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis

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37
Q

supinator

A

o: lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator fossa, radial and annular collateral ligament, crest of ulna
in: proximal surface of radius
supinates the forearm

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38
Q

extensor indicis

A

o: posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
in: distal phalanx of 2nd digit
extension of second digit

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39
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

o: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
in: base of 1st metacarpal bone
abduct the thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal

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40
Q

extensor pollicis brevis

A

o: posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane
in: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
extends the thumb and carpometacarpal and metacarpo phalangeal

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41
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

o: posterior distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
in: base of distal phalanx of thumb
extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal, carpometacarpal and interphalangeal

42
Q

extensor tendons are divided in 6 compartments by the extensor retinaculum

A

1) abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
2) extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus
3)extensor pollicis longus
4)extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
5) extensor digiti minimi
6) extensor carpi ulnaris

43
Q

thenar intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

adductor pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis

44
Q

hypothenar intrinsic compartment of muscles of the hand

A

palmaris brevis
opponens digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi

45
Q

lumbricals muscles of hand

A

2 unipennate (1st and 2nd) 2 bipennate (3rd and 4th)
Flexion of MCP and extension of proximal interphalangeal

46
Q

interossei muscles of hand

A

palmar
3 unipennate
digit adduction
dorsal
4 bipennate
digit abduction
help in flexion of MCP

47
Q

flexors of the hip
anterior thigh muscles

A

sartorius, pectineus and iliopsoas muscles (psoas major, psoas minor and iliacus)

48
Q

sartorius

A

o: anterior superior iliac spine
in: pes anserinus of tibia (medial surface of proximal part of tibia)
action: flexion of the hip, abduction of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the leg when the knee is flexed

49
Q

pectineus

A

o: superior ramus of pubis
in: pectineal line
flexion and adduction of the thigh

50
Q

iliopsoas muscles

A

psoas major
o: T12-L5 and vertebral discs between them
in: lesser trochanter of femur

psoas minor:
o:T12-L1 and disc in between
in:iliopectineal eminence and pecten pubis

iliacus
o: iliac crest, iliac fossa
in: lesser trochanter and proximal shaft of femur

flexion of the thigh and ipsilateral flexion of the trunk

51
Q

extensor of the knee, anterior thigh muscle

A

quadriceps femoris

52
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

-rectus femoris
o: anterior inferior iliac spine
-vastus lateralis
o: greater trochanter
-vastus medialis
o: trochanteric line
-vastus intermedius
anterior and lateral femural shaft
insertion: anterior tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament/tendon

action: extension of the leg at the knee joint
rectus femoris helps the iliopsoas in the flexion of the thigh

53
Q

medial thigh muscles (adductors)

A

adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor Magnus, gracilis and obturator externs

54
Q

adductor brevis

A

o: inferior ramus of pubis, body of pubis
in: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera of femur

adduction of the hip, weak flexion of thigh

55
Q

adductor longus

A

o: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
in: middle third of linea aspera of femur
adduction of the hip and weak flexion of the thigh

56
Q

adductor magnus

A

adductor part
o: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
in: gluteal tuberosity, pectineal line and medial supraepicondylar line of femur

hamstring part
o: ischial tuberosity
in: adductor tubercle of femur

adduction of the thigh
harmstring part helps in the extension of the leg
adductor part in the flexion of the leg

57
Q

gracilis

A

o: body and inferior ramus of pubis
in: pes anserinus
adduction and flexion of the hip, flexes the leg and helps medial rotation of the leg

58
Q

obturator externs

A

o: obturator foramen
in: trochanteric fossa
lateral rotation of the hip

59
Q

gluteal muscles superficial layer

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

60
Q

gluteus maximus

A

o: posterior to posterior gluteal line
in: iliotibial tract that inserts on the lateral condyle of the tibia
extension of the hip, assists in lateral rotation of the hip

61
Q

gluteus medius

A

o: between posterior and anterior gluteal line
in: greater trochanter
abducts and extends the hip joint, stabilizes the pelvis when the ipsilateral limb is weight baring

62
Q

gluteus minimus

A

o: between anterior and inferior gluteal line
in: greater trochanter of femur
extension of the hip, abduction of hip and stabilizes the pelvis when the ipsilateral limb is weight baring

63
Q

tensor fascia lata

A

o: anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest
in: lateral condyle of tibia by ilotibial tract
abduction and medial rotation of the hip joint, stabilizes the pelvis when the ipsilateral limb is weight baring

64
Q

deep layer of gluteal compartment

A

piriformis
superior gemelli
inferior gemelli
obturator internus
quadratus femoris

65
Q

piriformis

A

o: lateral surface of sacrum
in: greater trochanter
lateral rotates the extended hip and abducts the flexed thigh

66
Q

superior and inferior gemelli

A

superior
o: ischial spine
in: greater trochanter
inferior
o: ischial tuberosity
in:greater trochanter
lateral rotation of extended hip and abduction of the flexed thigh

67
Q

obturator interns

A

o: obturator foramen
in: greater trochanter
action: lateral rotation of extended hip and abduction of flexed thigh

68
Q

quadratus femoris

A

o: ischial tuberosity
in: intertrochanteric crest
lateral rotation of the hip

69
Q

muscles of posterior thigh (hamstring muscles)

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

70
Q

semitendinosus

A

o: ischial tuberosity
in: pes anserinus
extensor of the hip, flexor of knee and medial rotation of the leg

71
Q

semimembranosus

A

o: ischial tuberosity
in:posterior medial condyle of tibia
extension of hip, flexion of knee and medial rotation of the leg

72
Q

biceps femoris

A

long head
o: ischial tuberosity
short head
o: linea aspera and lateral supraepicondylar line of femur
in: head of fibula with one single tendon
flexes the leg and rotates it laterally
the long head extends the thigh

73
Q

gastrocnemius

A

o: posterior femoral condyles
in: calcaneous by Achille’s tendon
flexion of the knee joint during walking, antagonist of the quadriceps
plantarflexes the ankle when the knee is extended

74
Q

popliteus

A

o:lateral femoral condyle
in: medial posterior proximal aspect of tibia
medial rotation and flexion of the knee

75
Q

anterior compartment of the leg (extensor)

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
extensor hallucis longus

76
Q

tibialis anterior

A

o: lateral tibial plateau
in: first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform bone
dorsiflexion of ankle and inverts the foot

77
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

o:lateral condyle of tibia and superior medial surface of fibula
in: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
extensor of the digits, dorsiflexion of the ankle and pronation of the foot

78
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

o: middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
in: distal phalanx of great toe
dorsiflexes the ankle and extends great toe

79
Q

fibularis tertius

A

inferior anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
in: base of 5th metatarsal
dorsiflexion of ankle and eversion of foot

80
Q

lateral Everton compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

81
Q

fibularis longus

A

o: superior lateral surface of fibula and head of fibula
in: 1 metatarsal and medial cuneiform
evertor of foot and weakly plantarflexes the ankle

82
Q

fibularis brevis

A

o:inferior lateral surface of fibula
in: 5th metatarsal
Evertor of foot and weakly plantarflexes the ankle

83
Q

posterior superficial compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
(gastrocnemius+ soleus=triceps surae)
plantaris

84
Q

soleus

A

o: posterior head of fibula, posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, posterior surface of tibia
in: posterior surface of calcaneous by calcaneal tendon
plantarflexes the ankle independently from the position of the knee

85
Q

plantaris

A

o: lateral supraepicondylar line of femur
in:posterior surface of calcaneous by calcaneal tendon
helps the gastrocnemius in the plantarflexion of the ankle

86
Q

posterior deep compartment of the leg

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
popliteus

87
Q

tibialis posterior

A

o: posterior surface of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
in: 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal, navicular, cuneiform, calcaneous and cuboid
plantarflexion of ankle and inversion of the foot

88
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

o: posterior surface of tibia
in: distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
flexion of 4 digits, plantarflexion of the ankle
supports the longitudinal arch of foot

89
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

o: posterior surface of fibula
in: distal phalanx of hallux
flexes the hallux and plantarflexes the ankle

90
Q

dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

extensor digitorum brevis
->extends digits at proximal interphalangeal joint
extensor hallucis brevis
->extends hallux at metacarpophalangeal
interossei muscles
4 bipennate
digit abduction (except the one in between the hallux and the second digit which does adduction)

91
Q

palmar intrinsic muscles of foot

A

abductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
flexor digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
lumbricals
plantar interossei (3 unipennate, digit adduction)

92
Q

extrinsic superficial muscles of the spine

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboids

93
Q

intermediate extrinsic muscle of spine

A

serratus posterior
elevate second to 5th rib
assists rotation and extension of the trunk

94
Q

superficial intrinsic muscle of the spine

A

splenius
-splenius cervicis
-splenius capitis
acting alone: lateral flexion and rotation of the neck to the side of active contraction
acting together: extension of head and neck

95
Q

intermediate intrinsic muscle

A

erector spinae
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
when it acts unilaterally, lateral flexion of the vertebral column
when it acts bilaterally extension of the vertebral column and neck

96
Q

deep intrinsic muscles of the spine

A

semispinalis
multifidus
rotatores brevis and longus
interspinales
intertransversarii
levatores costorum

97
Q

semispinales

A

acting on one side: contralateral rotation of cervical and thoracic region of vertebral column

both sides: extension of thoracic and cervical region of vertebral column

98
Q

multifidus

A

on one side: contralateral rotation of trunk
both sides: extension of trunk

99
Q

rotatores brevis and longus

A

help in trunk rotatory movements

100
Q

interspinales

A

helps in extension of the vertebral column

101
Q

intertransversarii

A

helps in lateral flexion of trunk if acting on one side,
stabilize the column if acting bilaterally

102
Q

levatores costorum

A

elevate ribs, assist respiration. assist with lateral flexion of vertebral column

locomotor system (4 decks)

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