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locomotor system > locomotor system lesson 6 > Flashcards

locomotor system lesson 6 Flashcards

1
Q

rotation (pronation and supination) involves 2 joints:

A

-superior radio ulnar joint
-inferior radio ulnar joint

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2
Q

how are the radius and the ulna positioned during supination?

A

they are parallel to each other

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3
Q

how are the radius and the ulna positioned during pronation?

A

the radius is lateral to the ulna on the proximal part and it becomes medial at the level of the wrist. It can cross over the ulna thanks to the radial tuberosity

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4
Q

superior radio ulnar joint

A

-trochoid joint
-it is a joint between the head of the radius (convex) and the radial notch of the ulna (concave)
-it is stabilized by the anular ligament that sorrounds the head of the radius and attaches by its ends posteriorly and anteriorly the radial notch of the ulna.
-the angular ligament surrounds the head of the radius, the radius rotate inside this ligament–>the annular ligament keeps in place the head of the radius and allows its rotation.
-this joint is also stabilized by the quadrate ligaments which attaches on the inferior part of the radial notch (so its inferior respect to the annular ligament) and right below the head of the radius

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5
Q

is pronation allowed when the head of the radius slips out from the annular ligament?

A

when the head of the radius slips out of the annular ligament—a condition known as radial head subluxation or nursemaid’s elbow—pronation (and supination) of the forearm becomes very difficult or even impossible. This is because the annular ligament normally holds the head of the radius snugly against the ulna, stabilizing the proximal radioulnar joint and allowing smooth rotation of the radius over the ulna during these movements.

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6
Q

pronation and supination also require the inferior radio ulnar joint

A

-not part of the wrist joint
-comprehend the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius

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7
Q

is the superior radio ulnar join part of the elbow joint?

A

yes

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8
Q

is the inferior radio ulnar joint part of the wrist joint?

A

no

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9
Q

In summary, during pronation

A

The head of the radius rotates within the proximal radioulnar joint.
The distal radius moves around the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint, allowing the forearm and hand to rotate into a palm-down position.

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10
Q

supination occurs thanks to 2 muscles

A

-biceps brachii
-supinator

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11
Q

when does the biceps Brachii obtain maximal efficiency?

A

when flexed at 90 degrees. that’s the reason why people screw by supinating the forearm having the elbow flexed at 90 degrees

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12
Q

pronation occurs thanks to 2 muscles as well

A

-pronator quadratus
the deepest muscle of the forearm
it is wrapped around the radius and the ulnar distal ends to allow the radius to cross the ulna
-pronator teres
pronator teres
-origin: medial epicondyle
insertion: apex of the pronator bend of the radius
its weak
NB: pronator muscles are more weak than supinator ones

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13
Q

what is the range of true rotation of the forearm? (pronation, supination)

A

180 degrees

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14
Q

the wrist

A

the distal joint of the upper limb and allows the hand to reach the optimal position for prehension.
it allows flexion-extension, abduction and adduction

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15
Q

2 joints that compose the wrist

A

-radio carpal joint: a joint between the distal surface of the radius and the first row of carpal bones
-mid carpal joint: between the first and the second row of carpal bones.
NB: the ulna is not part of the wrist joint

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16
Q

transverse concavity of the radial carpal joint for which movements

A

adduction and abduction

17
Q

antero posterior concavity of radio carpal joint for which movements

A

flexion and extension

18
Q

first row of carpal bones

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum

19
Q

pisiform bone

A

it is connected to the triquetrum on its medial palmar side
it can be considered as a first row carpal bone but its not part of the radial carpal joint cause is not attached to the radius

20
Q

bones of second row of carpal bones (from styloid process of radius to medial)

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate –>biggest one, center of the wrist
hamate

21
Q

scaphoid articulates with 3 bones

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate

22
Q

lunate articulates with

A

capitate (mostly) and hamate

23
Q

triquetrum articulates with

A

hamate only

24
Q

lateral or radial collateral ligament

A

goes from the styloid process of the radius till the scaphoid bone

25
Q

medial or ulnar collateral ligament

A

goes from the styloid process of the ulna till the triquetrum

26
Q

triangular fibrocartilage complex

A

stabilizes the wrist at the distal radioulnar joint.
it is made of
-ulnolunate ligament
-radioulnar ligament
-ulnotriquentral ligament
-articular disc
-meniscus

27
Q

palmar radio carpal ligament

A

-anterior
divided in
-radio capitate band, laterally
-radio-triquetral band, medially
connects radius with carpal bones

28
Q

planar uno-carpal ligament

A

anterior
divided in
-ulnolunate band (connecting the ulna and the lunate)
-ulno triquetral band (connecting the ulna and the triquetrum)
–>ligament that connect the ulna with the carpal bones

29
Q

dorsal radiocarpal ligament

A

-stabilize the wrist on the dorsal side
-posterior
divided in
-radio-lunate band
-radio-triquetral band

30
Q

dorsal inter carpa ligament

A

dorsal side, posterior

31
Q

the lateral collateral ligament is stretched during? and why?

A

adduction, to limit the range of motion

32
Q

the medial collateral ligament is stretched when? and why?

A

during abduction, to limit the range of motion

33
Q

the posterior ligament is stretched during?

A

flexion

34
Q

the anterior ligament is stretched during?

A

extension

35
Q

on the mid carpal joint we have

A

radio capitate ligament
triquetro capitate ligament
scapho trapezium ligament
scapho lunate ligament
triquetro hamate ligament
piso hamate ligament

36
Q

anterior (palmar) compartment

A

flexor muscles

37
Q

posterior (dorsal compartment)

A

extensor muscles

38
Q

flexor muscles

A

-located in the anterior surface of the wrist
-held in place by the palmar carpal ligament and the flexor retinaculum

locomotor system (3 decks)

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