locomotor system lesson 4

Question 1

3 main bones at the level of the shoulder joint

Answer 1

-humerus
-scapula
-clavicle

Question 2

processes of the scapula, anteriorly

Answer 2

coracoid process
glenoid cavity
acromion (starts posteriorly)
subscapular fossa

Question 3

2 tuberosities in the proximal epiphysis of the humerus

Answer 3

greater tubercle, which points laterally
lesser tubercle, which points anteriorly

Question 4

which is the tendon that passes through the sulcus created by the two tubercles in the humerus?

Answer 4

the tendon of the long head of the biceps, partially intra articular in the glenohumeral joint

Question 5

name of the tuberosity in the middle part of the humerus

Answer 5

deltoid tuberosity, for the deltoid muscle

Question 6

2 necks in the head of the humerus

Answer 6

anatomical neck, a little distal from the head of the humerus
surgical neck, a little distal from the two tubercles

Question 7

distal epiphysis of the humerus, made of?

Answer 7

lateral and medial condyles

Question 8

the spine divides the scapula in?

Answer 8

2 parts
supraspinous fossa for the supraspinatus muscle
infraspinous fossa for the infraspinatus muscle

Question 9

radial groove, where is it?

Answer 9

in the 3rd part of the humerus and contains the radial nerve

Question 10

name of the joint between the acromion and the distal part of the clavicle
+ligaments that strenghten the joint

Answer 10

-acromioclavicular joint
-anterior and posterior acromioclavicular ligaments
-coracoclavicular ligaments: conoid ligament (medially) trapezoid ligament (laterally)

Question 11

glenohumeral joint

Answer 11

-enarthrosis, a synovial joint
-joint capsule strengthen by superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

Question 12

coracohumeral ligament

Answer 12

between the superior and the middle glenohumeral ligaments. It starts from the coracoid process and ends in the proximal humerus

Question 13

what protects the sulcus between the two tubercles?

Answer 13

a ligamnet, called transverse humeral ligament

Question 14

coracoacromial ligament

Answer 14

goes between the coracoid process and the acromion

Question 15

pectoralis major

Answer 15

muscle that connects the anterior part of the trunk to the humerus and the trunk to the clavicle

Question 16

cephalic vein

Answer 16

passes between the pectoralis major and the deltoid muscle

Question 17

biceps, made by?

Answer 17

2 heads, a short and a long head

Question 18

serratus anterior muscle, what does it connect?

Answer 18

the trunk to the scapula

Question 19

latissimus dorsi

Answer 19

connects the trunk to the humerus without attaching to the scapula

Question 20

4 rotator cuff muscles

Answer 20

1) subscapularis (anterior)
2)supraspinatus (post)
3)infraspinatus(post)
4)teres minor(post)

Question 21

supraspinatus

Answer 21

-origin: supraspinous fossa
-insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
-abductor

Question 22

infraspinatus

Answer 22

-origin:infraspinous fossa
-insertion: most posterior part of the greater tubercle of humerus
-external rotator

Question 23

teres minor

Answer 23

origin: lateral border of the scapula
insertion: greater tubercle
-external rotator

Question 24

subscapularis

Answer 24

origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle
the only internal rotator of the rotator cuff

Question 25

circomnduction

Answer 25

movement in all the directions of the glenohumeral joint

Question 26

the shoulder joint is a complex made of 5 joints
1,2,3–>true synovial joint
4 and 5–>false joint

Answer 26

1)glenohumeral joint
–>synovial joint between the glenoid cavity and the proximal humerus
2)acromioclavicular joint
–>synovial joint between the acromion and the clavicle
3)sternoclavicular joint between the proximal part of the clavicle and the sternum
4)subachromial joint, defined superiorly by the acromion and the coracoacromial ligament
5)scapulothoracic joint

Question 27

subdeltoid bursa

Answer 27

protect the tendons from the bone and the ligament

Question 28

glenoid labrum

Answer 28

fibrocartilagineous ring that widens a bit the glenoid cavity and extends it a little bit to give stability to the glenohumeral joint.
in the superior part of the glenoid cavity there is the tendon of the long head of the biceps

Question 29

glenohumeral joint is stable because of

Answer 29

-glenoid labrum, negative pressure, joint capsule and ligaments–>static stability
-muscles–>dynamic stability

Question 30

sternoclavicular joint

Answer 30

-between the proximal part of the sternum and the proximal part of the clavicle
-there is an articular disk in between this joint
-the joint is stabilized by costoclavicular ligament (which connects the clavicle to the first rib), interclavicular ligaments and anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

Question 31

subdeltoid joint or subacromial joint

Answer 31

the floor of this false joint is formed by the head of the humerus and the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons.
the roof is made from the inferior part of the acromion, the coracoacromial ligament and the inner part (laterally) of the deltoid muscle
in this space we have the sub deltoid bursa that protect the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons from an impingement with the acromion and the coracoacromial ligament

Question 32

scapula thoracic joint

Answer 32

false joint between the scapula and the thoracic wall
made of
1-the space between the scapula and the serratus muscle
2-the space between the thoracic wall and the serratus muscle