Muscles & Joints - Upper Body Flashcards
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Greater tubercle of the humerus and corresponding fossa on the scapula.
Infraspinatus
Greater tubercle of the humerus and corresponding fossa on the scapula.
Teres minor
Greater tubercle of the humerus and axillary border of scapula.
Subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of the humerus and corresponding fossa on the scapula.
Deltoideus
Deltoid tuberosity to the clavicle and scapula.
Biceps brachii
Bicipital groove and attaches at the supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process and radial tuberosity.
Pronator teres
Pronator teres muscle attachment to the medial epicondyle.
Supinator
Supinator crest to the lateral epicondyle.
Flexor retinaculum
A fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel.
Extensor retinaculum
Dorsal surface of the hand. Also holds together carpal tunnel.
Which three nerves are in the hand?
Median
Ulnar
Radial
Median nerve
Once it passes through the carpal tunnel, it divides into two branches - recurrent and palmar digital nerves. The palmar digital nerves give sensory innervation to the palmar skin and dorsal nail beds.
Ulnar nerve
Superficial to the flexor retinaculum on palmar surface.
Radial nerve
Superficial to the extensor retinaculum on the doral surface.
What are the three tendons of the anatomical snuffbox?
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
What are the features of a continuous joint?
- bone to bone attachments
- no joint capsule
- no synovial fluid
Syndesmosis
A fibrous joint in which connective tissue is present to join the two bones.
Ex - the connection between the radius and ulna via the interosseus membrane.
Synchrondosis
A cartilaginous joint in which a layer of hyaline cartilage is involved in the connection.
Temporary joint as will disappear with adult bone.
Ex - the fusion of the epiphysis to the diaphysis
What joint is temporary and will disappear with adult bone?
Synchrondosis
What are the features of discontinuous joints?
- movable
- two bony surfaces with hyaline cartilaginous covering on the surfaces
- linked by ligaments
- lined by synovial membrane
Plane joint
Articular surfaces are very flat and bones slide on top of each other.
Ex - sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints
Hinge joint
Hinge on door appearance. Extension and flexion are possible.
Ex - elbow (ulna and humerus)
- phalanges
Pivot joint
Only rotation is possible
Ex - superior radius and ulna
Ellipsoid joint
Elliptical convex surface that fits into an elliptical concave surface - no rotation
Ex - wrist joint
Saddle joint
All movements possible
Ex - thumb
Ball and socket
Ex - shoulder and hip joints
What are the shoulder joints?
Acromioclavicular - synovial, plane
Glenohumeral - synovial, ball & socket
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial, plane
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Synovial, ball & socket
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Synovial, hinge
humero-radial and humero-ulnar
What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
Synovial, pivot
What type of joint is the midcarpal joint?
Synovial, plane, ellipsoid
What type of joint is the thumb joint?
Synovial, saddle
What type of joint are the carpometacarpal joints (excluding the thumb)?
Synovial, plane
What type of joint are the metacarpalphalangeal joints?
Ellipsoid
What type of joint are the interphalangeal joints?
Hinge
The capitate lies lateral to which bone?
Hamate
Which tendon(s) makes up the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox?
Extensor pollicis longus
Which tendon(s) make up the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox?
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Which bone(s) articulate distal to the hamate?
The 4th & 5th metacarpals
Name the type of joint between the shaft of the radius and ulna
Syndesmosis via the interosseus membrane
The limb bud appears at what time?
As early as 26 days intrauterine
How many bones are there in the hand?
27 total
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges
Are there the same number of bones in the foot as in the hand?
No, the foot has one less tarsal.
What are the 3 major nerves of the hand?
Medial, radial and ulnar
Which bones articulate with the radius distally?
Scaphoid and lunate
Which bones does the capitate articulate with distally and proximally?
Distally - 3rd metacarpal
Proximally - scaphoid and lunate
