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ANTHR 390 > Lower Body - Muscles, Joints, Embryology > Flashcards

Lower Body - Muscles, Joints, Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 parts of the innominate

A

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

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2
Q

What makes up the pelvis?

A

Two innominates and sacrum

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3
Q

Name the 3 large muscles of the gluteal region

A

Gluteus maxius, medius & minimus

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4
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac?

A

Synovial, cartilaginous

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5
Q

At what time does the primary ossification of the pelvis occur?

A

2-6 months intrauterine

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6
Q

What is the triradiate ossification?

A

The junction of the three bones of the innominate (pubis, ilium, ischium)

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7
Q

Name the three joints of the pelvis

A

Sacroiliac Joints - synovial. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage present. Interosseous sacroiliac ligament very important in the strength of these joints.
Pubic Symphysis - Synostosis. Fibrocartilaginous joint.
Acetabular Joint - Synovial, ball and socket. Most important ligament is the iliofemoral ligament.

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8
Q

Name all of the carpal in the distal row

A

hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

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9
Q

Name all of the carpal in the proximal row

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

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10
Q

What type of joint is between metacarpal 1 and the trapezium?

A

Synovial, saddle

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11
Q

Identify two actions of the forearm

A

Supination

Pronation

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12
Q

What fibrous band sits on the anterior surface of the wrist?

A

Flexor retinaculum

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13
Q

What fibrous band sits on the posterior surface of the wrist?

A

Extensor retinaculum

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14
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid

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15
Q

What attaches at the gluteal tuberosity?

A

Castus lateralis, gluteus maximus

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16
Q

Name the 5 muscles of the adductor group

A 
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
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17
Q

What articulates distal to the tibia?

A

Talus

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18
Q

At what time does the distal femoral epiphysis complete fusion?

A

14-18 females

16-20 males

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19
Q

What muscle attaches to the adductor tubercle?

A

Adductor magnus

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20
Q

Where does the quadraceps femoris insert?

A

Tibial tuberosity

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21
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial, hinge. Femur, tibia and patella. NOT fibula.

22
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular?

A

synovial, plane

23
Q

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

A

Fibrous, stabilized by several strong ligaments.

24
Q

Pectineus muscle

A

Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line) to the pectineal line on the femur. Adducts leg, flexes thigh.

25
Q

Adductor longus

A

Pubic bone to the linea aspera. Adducts thigh.

26
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Pubic bone to the linea aspera. Adducts thigh.

27
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity and the linea aspera and adductor tubercle. Adducts thigh.

28
Q

Gracilis

A

Pubis to the tibia. Adducts thigh, flexes the leg, rotates medially.

29
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosis

30
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and lateral condyle and fibular head. Lateral rotation.

31
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity to tibia

32
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity to posterior medial condyle

33
Q

Quadraceps femoris

A

Made of 4 muscles:
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis.
Extends leg

34
Q

Satorius

A

flexor of leg and thigh

35
Q

Soleus and gastrocnemius

A

Combine to form the Achilles tendon and join the calcaneus.

36
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Soleal line, fibula and on to the tuberosity of the navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms and MT 2-4

37
Q

Psoas major

A

Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and lesser trochanter

38
Q

Iliacus

A

Iliac fossa and lesser trochanter. Flexion of the thigh, works in conjunction with psoas major.

39
Q

Piriformis

A

Ventral surface of sacrum to the greater trochanter. Lateral rotator, hip stabilizer, abduct the thigh.

40
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

Stabilizes the joint capsule

41
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

Head of femur to acetabulum

42
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Posterior gluteal line to gluteal tuberosity. Extensor and lateral rotator of the hip.

43
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines and greater trochanter. Abduct, medial rotate of the hip.

44
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Above the inferior gluteal line and the greater trochanter. Abduct, medial rotate of hip.

45
Q

The lower limb bud appears when?

A

~28 days

46
Q

When does pelvic condensation and chondrification occur?

A

Condensation 34-36 days

Chondrification 6-7 weeks intrauterine

47
Q

When does triradiate cartilage ossification occur?

A

9-14yrs

48
Q

When does the pelvis complete ossification?

A

23-27yrs

49
Q

When does ossification of the anterior inferior iliac spine occur?

A

10-20yrs

50
Q

When does ossification of the iliac crest occur?

A

10-20yrs

51
Q

When does ossification of the ischial tuberosity and ramal epiphysis occur?

A

13-23yrs

52
Q

When does femoral chondrification occur?

A

~41-52 days

ANTHR 390 (6 decks)

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