Lower Body - Muscles, Joints, Embryology Flashcards
Name 3 parts of the innominate
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
What makes up the pelvis?
Two innominates and sacrum
Name the 3 large muscles of the gluteal region
Gluteus maxius, medius & minimus
What type of joint is the sacroiliac?
Synovial, cartilaginous
At what time does the primary ossification of the pelvis occur?
2-6 months intrauterine
What is the triradiate ossification?
The junction of the three bones of the innominate (pubis, ilium, ischium)
Name the three joints of the pelvis
Sacroiliac Joints - synovial. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage present. Interosseous sacroiliac ligament very important in the strength of these joints.
Pubic Symphysis - Synostosis. Fibrocartilaginous joint.
Acetabular Joint - Synovial, ball and socket. Most important ligament is the iliofemoral ligament.
Name all of the carpal in the distal row
hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium
Name all of the carpal in the proximal row
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
What type of joint is between metacarpal 1 and the trapezium?
Synovial, saddle
Identify two actions of the forearm
Supination
Pronation
What fibrous band sits on the anterior surface of the wrist?
Flexor retinaculum
What fibrous band sits on the posterior surface of the wrist?
Extensor retinaculum
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid
What attaches at the gluteal tuberosity?
Castus lateralis, gluteus maximus
Name the 5 muscles of the adductor group
Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis
What articulates distal to the tibia?
Talus
At what time does the distal femoral epiphysis complete fusion?
14-18 females
16-20 males
What muscle attaches to the adductor tubercle?
Adductor magnus
Where does the quadraceps femoris insert?
Tibial tuberosity
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial, hinge. Femur, tibia and patella. NOT fibula.
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular?
synovial, plane
Tibiofibular syndesmosis
Fibrous, stabilized by several strong ligaments.
Pectineus muscle
Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line) to the pectineal line on the femur. Adducts leg, flexes thigh.
Adductor longus
Pubic bone to the linea aspera. Adducts thigh.
Adductor brevis
Pubic bone to the linea aspera. Adducts thigh.
Adductor magnus
Inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity and the linea aspera and adductor tubercle. Adducts thigh.
Gracilis
Pubis to the tibia. Adducts thigh, flexes the leg, rotates medially.
What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosis
Biceps femoris
Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and lateral condyle and fibular head. Lateral rotation.
Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity to tibia
Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity to posterior medial condyle
Quadraceps femoris
Made of 4 muscles:
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis.
Extends leg
Satorius
flexor of leg and thigh
Soleus and gastrocnemius
Combine to form the Achilles tendon and join the calcaneus.
Tibialis posterior
Soleal line, fibula and on to the tuberosity of the navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms and MT 2-4
Psoas major
Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and lesser trochanter
Iliacus
Iliac fossa and lesser trochanter. Flexion of the thigh, works in conjunction with psoas major.
Piriformis
Ventral surface of sacrum to the greater trochanter. Lateral rotator, hip stabilizer, abduct the thigh.
Iliofemoral ligament
Stabilizes the joint capsule
Ligamentum teres
Head of femur to acetabulum
Gluteus maximus
Posterior gluteal line to gluteal tuberosity. Extensor and lateral rotator of the hip.
Gluteus medius
Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines and greater trochanter. Abduct, medial rotate of the hip.
Gluteus minimus
Above the inferior gluteal line and the greater trochanter. Abduct, medial rotate of hip.
The lower limb bud appears when?
~28 days
When does pelvic condensation and chondrification occur?
Condensation 34-36 days
Chondrification 6-7 weeks intrauterine
When does triradiate cartilage ossification occur?
9-14yrs
When does the pelvis complete ossification?
23-27yrs
When does ossification of the anterior inferior iliac spine occur?
10-20yrs
When does ossification of the iliac crest occur?
10-20yrs
When does ossification of the ischial tuberosity and ramal epiphysis occur?
13-23yrs
When does femoral chondrification occur?
~41-52 days
