Muscles Horse

Question 1

Corium

Answer 1

The highly vascular dermal layer located deep to the germinal epithelium of the hoof
Only visible when hood capsule removed
Between epidermis (hoof wall) and underlying coffin bone
Nourishes the germinal epidermis for hoof growth by production of keratinocytes
Four regions
Each with microscopic papillae or grossly visible laminae- fit tightly into spaces of adjacent hoof capsule

Question 2

Common digital extensor

Answer 2

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Extensor process of the distal phalanx (coffin bone)

Question 3

Corium

Answer 3

The highly vascular dermal layer located deep to the germinal epithelium of the hoof
Only visible when hood capsule removed
Between epidermis (hoof wall) and underlying coffin bone
Nourishes the germinal epidermis for hoof growth by production of keratinocytes
Four regions
Each with microscopic papillae or grossly visible laminae- fit tightly into spaces of adjacent hoof capsule

Question 4

Perioplic dermis (corium)

Answer 4

Very thin band of proximal dermis
Epidermis over this corium produces the external and shiny coating of the hoof wall
Adjacent to the haired margin of the hoof capsule

Question 5

Coronary dermis (corium)

Answer 5

Relatively broad band of dermis at proximal hoof
Epidermis over this corium produces the vast majority of the hood wall thickness
May see tiny papillae on surface

Question 6

Laminar dermis (corium)

Answer 6

Parallel lines of connective tissue lying adjacent to the distal phalanx
Dermal laminae interlock with epithelial laminae visible on the inside of hoof capsule

Question 7

Sole dermis (corium)

Answer 7

Also covered in papillae to nourish the sole epidermis which produces the sole

Question 8

Hoof

Answer 8

Encloses the distal phalanx and is a local modification of the skin
Composed of a deeper portion, modified skin dermis, superficial portion, modified skin epidermis (hoof capsule)
Junction between regular skin and hoof is called the coronet or coronary band
Frog of hood is homologous with digital pad of other species

Question 9

Navicular bursa

Answer 9

Located between the distal sesamoid bone and the DDF tendon

Present in the horse and should be observed on the plastinated sagittal sectioned equine limb

Question 10

Sole dermis (corium)

Answer 10

Also covered in papillae to nourish the sole epidermis which produces the sole

Question 11

Chestnut

Answer 11

Vestigial carpal/tarsal pads found on the medial side of the distal antebrachium

Question 12

Ergot

Answer 12

Vestigial metacarpal pads on the palmar surface of the equine fetlock

Question 13

Hoof wall

Answer 13

Is the part of the hoof capsule visible in a standing horse

Regions of the hoof wall include: toe, quarter, and heels

Question 14

Sole

Answer 14

The ground surface (solar surface) of the hoof capsule that fills the space between the wall and the frog
slightly concave region of the hood undersurface

Question 15

Bars

Answer 15

Located on the solar surface and extend from the medial and lateral heels of the hoof wall; the medial and lateral bar are located between the sole and the frog
Each bar is separated from the frog by a deep paracuneal groove

Question 16

Frog

Answer 16

Centralized wedge-shaped region on the undersurface of the hoof
It is the vestigial remnant of the digital pad in the equine

Question 17

White line

Answer 17

The junction between sole and the wall is white line

This line is where farriers place nails while shoeing; nails pass obliquely through the wall

Question 18

Ungual cartilages

Answer 18

Lateral and medial cartilages that project from the palmar processes of the coffin bone

Question 19

Digital cushion

Answer 19

Thick connective tissue wedge that occupies the space between the deep flexor tendon and the hoof wall and cartilages