Muscles- canine Flashcards by Rebecca Murphy

Superficial pectoral

Origin: Cranial Sternum
Insertion: Crest of major tubercle of humerus
Function: Supports limb, limb adduction, prevent abduction

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Deep pectoral

Origin: All sternebrae
Insertion: Greater and lesser tubercle and crest of humerus (mostly lesser tubercle)
Function: Trunk support, extend and flex shoulder joint

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Cleidobrachialis

Origin: distal end of cranial border of humerus
Insertion: clavicular insertion
Function: stabilizes neck, draw limb cranially

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Cleidocephalicus

pars cervicalis
Origin: clavicular insertion
Insertion: dorsal neck
Function: stabilizes neck, draw limb cranially

pars mastoidea
Origin: Clavicular insertion
Insertion: mastoid part of temporal bone
Function: stabilizes neck, draw limb cranially
(passes under sternocephalicus)

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Sternocephalicus

mastoid part
Origin: first sternebra or manubrium
Insertion: mastoid part of the temporal bone
Function: lateral flexion of the neck

Occipital part
Origin: first sternebra or manubrium
Insertion: nuchal crest of the occipital bone
Function: lateral flexion of the neck

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Omotransversarius

Origin: distal end of scapula spine
Insertion: wing of atlas
Function: draw limb cranially

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Trapezius

Origin: Median raphe of neck over vertebrae
Insertion:Spine of scapula
Function: rotate scapula medially, elevate limb
Most superficial

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Rhomboideus

Origin: median raphe of neck over vertebrae
Insertion: dorsal border of scapula
Function: elevate limb, draw scapula against trunk
Under trapezius and latissamis dorsi

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Latissimus dorsi

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Teres major tuberosity of humerus and teres major tendon
Function: draw free limb caudally as in digging, flex shoulder joing
Superficial but under trapezius

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Serratus ventralis

Cervicis
Origin: medial surface of scapula
Insertion: Transverse process of C3-C7
Function: Support trunk and depress scapula

Thoracis
Origin: medial surface of scapula
Insertion: first 8 ribs
Function: Support trunk and depress scapula

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Deltoideus

Scapular
Origin: spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Function: flex the shoulder

acromial
Origin: acromium of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Function: flex the shoulder

Very superficial

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Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: lateral side of greater tubercle of humerus
Function: Extend or flex join, abduct shoulder and rotate humerus laterally. Provide stability

Under deltoideus

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Teres minor

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle and distal third of the caudal border of scapula
Insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus
Function: shoulder flexion

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Supraspinatus

Origin: supraspinatous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Function: extends and stabilize shoulder joint

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Subscapularis

Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Function: adduct, extend, and medially stabilize shoulder joint. rotate joint medially and prevent lateral rotation

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Teres major

Origin: Caudal border of scapula
Insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus
Function: flexes shoulder joint, draws humerus caudally

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus proximal to the teres major tuberosity
Function:Adduct, extend, and stabilize shoulder joint

Goes under tricep medial head

tensor fasciae antebrachii

Origin: Latissimus dorsi
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Function: extends elbow joint

Triceps brachii

Long head (most caudal)
Origin: caudal border of scapula
Insertion: Olecranon tuber
Function: Extend elbow joint and flex shoulder joint

Lateral head (most lateral)
Origin: Tricipital line of humerus
Insertion:Olecranon tuber
Function: extend elbow joint

Medial head (most medial)
Origin: crest of lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity
Insertion: olecranon
Function: extend elbow joint

Accessory head
Origin: Neck of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon
Function: extend elbow joint

anconeus

Origin: lateral supracondylar crest and the lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus
Insertion: lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulnar
Function: extend elbow joint

Biceps brachii

More cranial
Origin: supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities
Function: flex elbow joint and extend shoulder joint

Brachialis

More lateral
Origin: proximal third of the lateral surface of the humerus
Insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities
Function: flex elbow joint

Extensor carpi radialis

Origin: lateral supracondylar crest of humerus
Insertion: Small tuberosities- dorsal surface of metacarpals 2 and 3
Function: elbow flexion, carpal extension
Lateral
Crosses over common digital extensor

Common digital extensor

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor processof distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Function: extend joints of the four principle digits and carpus
more caudal than extensor carpi radialis

Lateral digital extensor

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: proximal ends off all the phalanges of digits 3, 4, 5 (mainly extensor processes of distal phalanges) Function: extend carpal joints of carpus and digits 3, 4, 5

Ulnaris lateralis

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: lateral aspect of the proximal end of metacarpal 5 and accessory carpal bone Function: abduct manus and flex carpal joints, support carpus when extended

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: Cranial surface of the proximal fourth of radius Function: rotates paw outwards, flex elbow joint

Abductor digiti I longus

Origin: lateral border and cranial surface of the body of the ulna, the interosseous membrane Insertion: proximal end of metacarpal 1 Function: abduct first digit and extend carpal joints

Pronator teres

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: medial border of radius Function: rotate forearm medially, flex elbow

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and medial border of radius Insertion: palmar side of base of metacarpals 2 and 3 Function: flex carpal joint

Superficial digital flexor

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Palmar surface of base of middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Function: flex carpal, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 Very caudal

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Ulnar head Origin: Caudal border and medial surface of olecranon Insertion: accessory carpal bone Function: flexion of carpus Humeral head Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: accessory carpal bone Function: flexion of carpus

Deep digital flexor

Humeral head Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: flexor tubercle on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of each digit Function: flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits Ulnar head Origin: proximal three fourths of the caudal border of ulna Insertion: flexor tubercle on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of each digit Function: flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits Radial head Origin: middle third of the medial border of radius Insertion: flexor tubercle on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of each digit Function: flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits

Pronator quadratus

Origin: the apposed surfaces of radius and ulna Insertion: Function: pronate paw