Muscles- canine

Question 1

Superficial pectoral

Answer 1

Origin: Cranial Sternum
Insertion: Crest of major tubercle of humerus
Function: Supports limb, limb adduction, prevent abduction

Question 2

Deep pectoral

Answer 2

Origin: All sternebrae
Insertion: Greater and lesser tubercle and crest of humerus (mostly lesser tubercle)
Function: Trunk support, extend and flex shoulder joint

Question 3

Cleidobrachialis

Answer 3

Origin: distal end of cranial border of humerus
Insertion: clavicular insertion
Function: stabilizes neck, draw limb cranially

Question 4

Cleidocephalicus

Answer 4

pars cervicalis
Origin: clavicular insertion
Insertion: dorsal neck
Function: stabilizes neck, draw limb cranially

pars mastoidea
Origin: Clavicular insertion
Insertion: mastoid part of temporal bone
Function: stabilizes neck, draw limb cranially
(passes under sternocephalicus)

Question 5

Sternocephalicus

Answer 5

mastoid part
Origin: first sternebra or manubrium
Insertion: mastoid part of the temporal bone
Function: lateral flexion of the neck

Occipital part
Origin: first sternebra or manubrium
Insertion: nuchal crest of the occipital bone
Function: lateral flexion of the neck

Question 6

Omotransversarius

Answer 6

Origin: distal end of scapula spine
Insertion: wing of atlas
Function: draw limb cranially

Question 7

Trapezius

Answer 7

Origin: Median raphe of neck over vertebrae
Insertion:Spine of scapula
Function: rotate scapula medially, elevate limb
Most superficial

Question 8

Rhomboideus

Answer 8

Origin: median raphe of neck over vertebrae
Insertion: dorsal border of scapula
Function: elevate limb, draw scapula against trunk
Under trapezius and latissamis dorsi

Question 9

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 9

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Teres major tuberosity of humerus and teres major tendon
Function: draw free limb caudally as in digging, flex shoulder joing
Superficial but under trapezius

Question 10

Serratus ventralis

Answer 10

Cervicis
Origin: medial surface of scapula
Insertion: Transverse process of C3-C7
Function: Support trunk and depress scapula

Thoracis
Origin: medial surface of scapula
Insertion: first 8 ribs
Function: Support trunk and depress scapula

Question 11

Deltoideus

Answer 11

Scapular
Origin: spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Function: flex the shoulder

acromial
Origin: acromium of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Function: flex the shoulder

Very superficial

Question 12

Infraspinatus

Answer 12

Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: lateral side of greater tubercle of humerus
Function: Extend or flex join, abduct shoulder and rotate humerus laterally. Provide stability

Under deltoideus

Question 13

Teres minor

Answer 13

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle and distal third of the caudal border of scapula
Insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus
Function: shoulder flexion

Question 14

Supraspinatus

Answer 14

Origin: supraspinatous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Function: extends and stabilize shoulder joint

Question 15

Subscapularis

Answer 15

Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Function: adduct, extend, and medially stabilize shoulder joint. rotate joint medially and prevent lateral rotation

Question 16

Teres major

Answer 16

Origin: Caudal border of scapula
Insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus
Function: flexes shoulder joint, draws humerus caudally

Question 17

Coracobrachialis

Answer 17

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus proximal to the teres major tuberosity
Function:Adduct, extend, and stabilize shoulder joint

Goes under tricep medial head

Question 18

tensor fasciae antebrachii

Answer 18

Origin: Latissimus dorsi
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Function: extends elbow joint

Question 19

Triceps brachii

Answer 19

Long head (most caudal)
Origin: caudal border of scapula
Insertion: Olecranon tuber
Function: Extend elbow joint and flex shoulder joint

Lateral head (most lateral)
Origin: Tricipital line of humerus
Insertion:Olecranon tuber
Function: extend elbow joint

Medial head (most medial)
Origin: crest of lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity
Insertion: olecranon
Function: extend elbow joint

Accessory head
Origin: Neck of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon
Function: extend elbow joint

Question 20

anconeus

Answer 20

Origin: lateral supracondylar crest and the lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus
Insertion: lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulnar
Function: extend elbow joint

Question 21

Biceps brachii

Answer 21

More cranial
Origin: supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities
Function: flex elbow joint and extend shoulder joint

Question 22

Brachialis

Answer 22

More lateral
Origin: proximal third of the lateral surface of the humerus
Insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities
Function: flex elbow joint

Question 23

Extensor carpi radialis

Answer 23

Origin: lateral supracondylar crest of humerus
Insertion: Small tuberosities- dorsal surface of metacarpals 2 and 3
Function: elbow flexion, carpal extension
Lateral
Crosses over common digital extensor

Question 24

Common digital extensor

Answer 24

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor processof distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Function: extend joints of the four principle digits and carpus
more caudal than extensor carpi radialis

Question 25

Lateral digital extensor

Answer 25

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: proximal ends off all the phalanges of digits 3, 4, 5 (mainly extensor processes of distal phalanges)
Function: extend carpal joints of carpus and digits 3, 4, 5

Question 26

Ulnaris lateralis

Answer 26

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: lateral aspect of the proximal end of metacarpal 5 and accessory carpal bone
Function: abduct manus and flex carpal joints, support carpus when extended

Question 27

Supinator

Answer 27

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Cranial surface of the proximal fourth of radius
Function: rotates paw outwards, flex elbow joint

Question 28

Abductor digiti I longus

Answer 28

Origin: lateral border and cranial surface of the body of the ulna, the interosseous membrane
Insertion: proximal end of metacarpal 1
Function: abduct first digit and extend carpal joints

Question 29

Pronator teres

Answer 29

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: medial border of radius
Function: rotate forearm medially, flex elbow

Question 30

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 30

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and medial border of radius
Insertion: palmar side of base of metacarpals 2 and 3
Function: flex carpal joint

Question 31

Superficial digital flexor

Answer 31

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Palmar surface of base of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Function: flex carpal, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

Very caudal

Question 32

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 32

Ulnar head
Origin: Caudal border and medial surface of olecranon
Insertion: accessory carpal bone
Function: flexion of carpus

Humeral head
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: accessory carpal bone
Function: flexion of carpus

Question 33

Deep digital flexor

Answer 33

Humeral head
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: flexor tubercle on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of each digit
Function: flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits

Ulnar head
Origin: proximal three fourths of the caudal border of ulna
Insertion: flexor tubercle on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of each digit
Function: flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits

Radial head
Origin: middle third of the medial border of radius
Insertion: flexor tubercle on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of each digit
Function: flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits

Question 34

Pronator quadratus

Answer 34

Origin: the apposed surfaces of radius and ulna
Insertion:
Function: pronate paw