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Anatomy > Muscles Exam 3 > Flashcards

Muscles Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

External oblique origin

A

lower ribs

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2
Q

External oblique insertion

A

rectus sheath and the hip

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3
Q

External oblique innervation

A

ventral nerves

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4
Q

External oblique action

A

bilateral flex at the trunk

unilateral ab/adduct and rotate

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5
Q

when External oblique inserts on the ribs

A

respiration - pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale

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6
Q

internal oblique origin

A

vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

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7
Q

internal oblique insertion

A

lower ribs, rectus sheath

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8
Q

internal oblique innervation

A

ventral rami

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9
Q

internal oblique action

A

bilateral flex at the trunk
unilateral ab/adduct rotate

respiration - pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale

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10
Q

transverses abdominus origin

A

lower ribs, vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

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11
Q

transverses abdominus insertion

A

rectus sheath

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12
Q

transverses abdominus innervation

A

ventral rami

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13
Q

transverses abdominus action

A

unilateral ab/adduct; rotate

respiration: compress abdomen to exhale

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14
Q

rectus abdominus origin

A

pubic symphysis

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15
Q

rectus abdominus insertion

A

lower ribs; xiphoid

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16
Q

rectus abdominus innervation

A

ventral rami

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17
Q

rectus abdominus action

A

bilateral flexion at the trunk

respiration - pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale

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18
Q

Coccygeus (ishiococcygeus) proximal attachment

A

ischial spine

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19
Q

Coccygeus (ishiococcygeus) distal attachment

A

inferior end of the sacrum and coccyx

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20
Q

Coccygeus (ishiococcygeus) innervation

A

beaches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves

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21
Q

Coccygeus (ishiococcygeus) action

A

forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera, flexes coccyx

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22
Q

levator ani is composed of what 3 muscles

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

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23
Q

levator ani proximal attachment

A

body of pubis
tendinous arch of obturator fascia
ischial spine

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24
Q

levator ani distal attachment

A

coccyx

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25
Q

levator ani innervation

A

nerve to levator ani (branches of S4)

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26
Q

levator ani action

A

forms most of pelvic diaphragm

- supports pelvic viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

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27
Q

puborectalis

A

forms puborectal sling between 2 pubic bones and rectum

  • functions as the external anal sphincter
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28
Q

pubococcygeus

A

pubis to coccyx

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29
Q

iliococcygeus

A

tendinous arch (ileum and pubis) to coccyx

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30
Q

bulbospongiosus (male) proximal attachment

A

perineal body

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31
Q

bulbospongiosus (male) distal attachment

A

surrounds the bulb of penis, inserting in the perineal membrane

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32
Q

bulbospongiosus (female) proximal attachment

A

perineal body

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33
Q

bulbospongiosus (female)

A

enclosing the bulk of the vagina and greater vestibular gland inserting on the pubic arch

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34
Q

bulbospongiosus innervation

A

deep perineal nerve (S2-4)

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35
Q

bulbospongiosus action

A

responsible for ejaculation

  • supports and fixes the perineal body/pelvic floor
  • assits in erection
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36
Q

ischiocavernosus proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

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37
Q

ischiocavernosus distal attachment

A

encloses the crus of the penis and clitoris

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38
Q

ischiocavernosus innervation

A

deep perineal nerve (S2-4)

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39
Q

ischiocavernosus action

A

covers the erectile tissues

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40
Q

superficial transverse perineal proximal attachment

A

ischial ramus and ischial tuberosity

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41
Q

superficial transverse perineal distal attachment

A

perineal body

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42
Q

superficial transverse perineal innervation

A

Deep perineal nerve (S2-4)

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43
Q

superficial transverse perineal action

A

stabilizes perineal body

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44
Q

deep transverse perineal proximal attachment

A

Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

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45
Q

deep transverse perineal distal attachment

A

perineal body

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46
Q

deep transverse perineal innervation

A

Deep perineal nerve (S2-4)

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47
Q

deep transverse perineal action

A

Supports structures below the urogenital hiatus

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48
Q

external urethral sphincter (males) attachment

A

Surrounds urethra superior to the perineal membrane

- ascends anterior aspect of the prostate

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49
Q

external urethral sphincter (females) attachment

A

Surrounds urethra superior to the perineal membrane

- some fibers also enclose the vagina (urethrovaginal sphincter)

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50
Q

external urethral sphincter innervation

A

Dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris, Deep perineal nerve (S2-4)

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51
Q

external urethral sphincter action

A

continence

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52
Q

pectinous proximal attachment

A

superior pubis ramus

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53
Q

pectinous distal attachment

A

pectinate line of the femur

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54
Q

pectinous action

A

flex, adduct, internal rotation of the hip

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55
Q

pectinous innervation

A

DUAL INNERVATED

femoral and obturator n. L2,3

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56
Q

illiopsoas is made of what 2 muscles

A

iliacus and the psoas major

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57
Q

illiopsoas - psoas major proximal attachment

A

bodies and transverse processes of T12-L5

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58
Q

illiopsoas - illiacus proximal attachment

A

iliac crest

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59
Q

illiopsoas distal attachment

A

lesser trochanter

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60
Q

illopsoas action

A

flex at the hip

acts on lumbar as a bilateral flexor, unilateral ab/adductor and rotator

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61
Q

illiopsoas innervation

A

psoas major: ventral rami L1,2,3

illiacus: femoral n. L2,3

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62
Q

psoas minor proximal attachment

A

T12-L1 vertebra

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63
Q

psoas minor distal attachment

A

pubic bone

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64
Q

psoas minor action

A

flexes the lumbar intervertebral joints and is a unilateral ab/adductor and rotator

does NOT cross the hip

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65
Q

psoas minor innervation

A

ventral rami L1,2

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66
Q

sartorius proximal attachment

A

ASIS

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67
Q

sartorius distal attachment

A

medial tibia

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68
Q

sartorius action

A

flexes, abducts, externally rotates at the hip

flexes at the knee

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69
Q

what are all of the quad muscles

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

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70
Q

rectus femoris proximal attachment

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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71
Q

rectus femoris distal attachment

A

quadriceps tendon to patella

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72
Q

rectus femoris action

A

flex at the hip (primary)

extend at the knee

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73
Q

rectus femoris innervation

A

femoral n. L2,3,4

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74
Q

vastus lateralis proximal attachment

A

greater trochanter

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75
Q

vastus lateralis distal attachment

A

quadriceps tendon to the patella

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76
Q

vastus lateralis action

A

knee extension

stabilizes patella

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77
Q

vastus lateralis innervation

A

femoral n. L2,3,4

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78
Q

vastus medialis proximal attachment

A

intertrochanteric line

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79
Q

vastus medialis distal attachment

A

quadriceps tendon to patella

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80
Q

vastus medialis action

A

knee extension, stabilizes the patella

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81
Q

vastus medialis innervation

A

femoral n. L2,3,4

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82
Q

vastus intermedius proximal attachment

A

anterior femur

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83
Q

vastus intermedius distal attachment

A

quadriceps tedon to patella

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84
Q

vastus intermedius action

A

knee extension

stabilizes the patella

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85
Q

vastus intermedius innervation

A

femoral n. L2,3,4

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86
Q

articularis genu attachments

A

femour to super patella bursa

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87
Q

articularis genu actions

A

as quads contract to extend lower leg, this muscle will pull super patellar bursa up

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88
Q

what are the anterior thigh muscles

A
  1. pectineus
  2. iliopsoas
  3. psoas minor
  4. sartorius
  5. rectus femoris
  6. vastus lateralis
  7. vastus medialis
  8. vastus intermedius
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89
Q

what are the medial thigh muscles

A
  1. adductor longus
  2. adductor brevis
  3. adductor magnus
  4. gracilis
  5. obturator externus
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90
Q

adductor longus proximal attachment

A

body of pubic bone

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91
Q

adductor longus distal attachment

A

linea aspira

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92
Q

adductor longus action

A

at the hip.. adducts, flexes, internally rotates

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93
Q

adductor longus innervation

A

obturator n. L2,3,4

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94
Q

adductor brevis proximal attachment

A

inferior pubic body and ramus

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95
Q

adductor brevis distal attachment

A

linea aspira and pectinate line

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96
Q

adductor brevis action

A

adducts, flexes, and internally rotates at the hip

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97
Q

adductor brevis innervation

A

obturator n. L2,3,4

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98
Q

adductor magnus

anterior proximal attachment

A

ischiopubic ramus

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99
Q

adductor magnus

anterior distal attachment

A

adductor tubercle

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100
Q

adductor magnus

anterior action

A

hip adductor, flexor, internal rotator

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101
Q

adductor magnus

anterior innervation

A

obturator n. L2,3,4

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102
Q

adductor magnus

posterior proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

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103
Q

adductor magnus

posterior distal attachment

A

adductor tubercle of the femur

104
Q

adductor magnus

posterior innervation

A

tibial n L4

105
Q

adductor magnus

posterior action

A

hip extensor, adducts a little

106
Q

gracilis proximal attachment

A

inferior pubic ramus

107
Q

gracilis distal attachment

A

medial tibia

108
Q

gracilis action

A

flexion and IR of knee

hip adduction

109
Q

obturator externus proximal attachment

A

external surface of obturator membrane

110
Q

obturator externus distal attachment

A

greater trochanter

-passes posterior to neck of femur

111
Q

obturator externus innervation

A

obturator n. L2,3,4

112
Q

obturator externus action

113
Q

glute max proximal attachment

A

sacrum, PSIS, and coccyx

114
Q

glute max distal attachment

A

deep - gluteal line of the femur

superficially - goes to form IT band and attach distally to Gerdy tubercle

115
Q

glute max innervation

A

inferior gluteal n. L5, S1,2

116
Q

glute max action

A

hip extension and ER

abduction when acting with TFL

117
Q

glute med proximal attachment

A

ala of illium

118
Q

glute med distal attachment

A

greater trochanter

119
Q

glute med action

A

anteriorly - flex and IR

midline - abducts, stabilizes hip at stance phase when you are unbalanced at hip

posteriorly - extend and ER

120
Q

glute med innervation

A

superior gluteal n. L5 S1

121
Q

glute min proximal attachment

A

ala of ilium

122
Q

glute min distal attachment

A

greater trochanter

123
Q

glute min action

A

anteriorly - flex and IR

midline - abducts

posteriorly - extend and ER

124
Q

glute min innervation

A

superior gluteal n. L5,S1

125
Q

tensor fascia lata (TFL) proximal attachment

A

ASIS, anterior iliac crest

126
Q

tensor fascia lata (TFL) distal attachment

A

Gerdy’s tubercle via the IT band

127
Q

tensor fascia lata (TFL) innervation

A

superior gluteal n L5, S1

128
Q

tensor fascia lata (TFL) action

A

hip flexion

when synergized with glut max it will abduct

129
Q

what are the superficial gluteal muscles

A
  1. glute max
  2. glute med
  3. glute min
  4. TFL
130
Q

what are the deep gluteal muscles

A
  1. piriformis
  2. obturator interns
  3. superior and inferior gemelli
  4. quadrates femoris
  5. obturator externus
131
Q

piriformis proximal attachment

132
Q

piriformis distal attachment

A

greater trochantor

133
Q

piriformis innervation

A

ventral rami S1,2

134
Q

piriformis action

A

hip ER, abduction

135
Q

obturator internus proximal attachment

A

obturator foramen

136
Q

obturator internus distal attachment

A

greater trochantor

137
Q

obturator internus innervation

A

L5,S1 ventral rami

138
Q

obturator internus action

A

hip ER, abduction

139
Q

superior gemelli proximal attachment

A

ischial spine

140
Q

inferior gemelli proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

141
Q

superior and inferior gemelli innervation

A

L5, S1 ventral rami

142
Q

superior and inferior gemelli distal attachment

A

tendons merge with obturator internus to attach to the greater trochantor

143
Q

superior and inferior gemelli action

A

hip ER and abduction

144
Q

quadrates femoris proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

145
Q

quadrates femoris distal attachment

A

intertrochanteric crest

146
Q

quadrates femoris action

147
Q

quadrates femoris innervation

A

nerve to quadrates femoris L5, S1

148
Q

what are the hamstring muscles

A
  1. semitendinosis
  2. semimembranosis
  3. biceps femoris
149
Q

semitendinosis proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

150
Q

semitendinosis distal attachment

A

pes anserine

151
Q

semitendinosis innveration

A

tibial n. L5, S1,2

152
Q

semitendinosis action

A

hip extension
knee flexion
IR of the foot

153
Q

semimembranosis proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

154
Q

semimembranosis distal attachment

A

medial condyle of the tibia

155
Q

semimembranosis action

A

hip extension
knee flexion
IR of foot

156
Q

biceps femoris - short head proximal attachment

A

linea aspira

157
Q

biceps femoris - short head distal attachment

158
Q

biceps femoris - long head proximal attachment

A

ischial tuberosity

159
Q

biceps femoris - long head distal attachment

A

lateral condyle of the tibia and fibula

160
Q

biceps femoris - long head innervation

A

tibial n. L5, S1,2

161
Q

biceps femoris - short head innervation

A

fibular n. L5, S1,2

162
Q

biceps femoris action

A

Hip extension

knee flexion and ER

163
Q

tibialis anterior - proximal attachment

A

tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

164
Q

tibialis anterior - distal attachment

A

base of first metatarsal

165
Q

tibialis anterior - innervation

A

deep fibular n. L4,5

166
Q

tibialis anterior - action

A

dorsiflex at ankle

inversion at intertarsal joints

167
Q

extensor digitorum longus - proximal attachment

A

tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

168
Q

extensor digitorum longus - distal attachment

A

extensor expansion digit 2-5

169
Q

extensor digitorum longus - innervation

A

deep fibular n. L4,5

170
Q

extensor digitorum longus - action

A

dorsiflex at ankle

extension at digits 2-5

171
Q

extensor hallucis longus - proximal attachment

A

tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

172
Q

extensor hallucis longus- distal attachment

A

big toe extensor expansion

173
Q

extensor hallucis longus - innervation

A

deep fibular n. L2-5

174
Q

extensor hallucis longus - action

A

dorsiflex at the ankle
inversion at the intertarsals
extends at digit 1

175
Q

fibulas tertius - proximal attachment

176
Q

fibulas tertius - distal attachment

A

base of 5th metatarsal

177
Q

fibulas tertius - innervation

A

deep fibular n. L2-5

178
Q

fibulas tertius action

A

dorsiflexes at the ankle

everts at intertarsals

179
Q

fibularis longus - proximal attachment

180
Q

fibularis longus - distal attachment

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

181
Q

fibularis longus innervation

A

superficial fibular n. L5, S1,2

182
Q

fibularis longus action

A

eversion at intertarsals
plantar flexion at ankle
maintains the transverse arch at intertarsals

183
Q

fibularis brevis - proximal attachment

184
Q

fibularis brevis - distal attachment

A

base of 5th metatarsal

185
Q

fibularis brevis - innervation

A

superficial fibular n. L5, S1,2

186
Q

fibularis brevis action

A

plantar flexion at ankle

eversion at intertarsals

187
Q

gastrocnemius - proximal attachment

A

medial and lateral condyles of the femur

188
Q

gastrocnemius - distal attachment

A

calcaneus and calcaneal tendon

189
Q

gastrocnemius - innervation

A

tibial n. S1,2

190
Q

gastrocnemius action

A

flex at the knee (synergizes with the hamstrings)

plantar flexion at the ankle

191
Q

soleus - proximal attachment

A

tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

192
Q

soleus - distal attachment

A

calcaneous, calcaneal tendon

193
Q

soleus innervation

A

tibial n. S1,2

194
Q

soleus action

A

plantar flex at the ankle

195
Q

popliteus - proximal attachment

A

lateral condyle of the femur

196
Q

popliteus - distal attachment

A

tibia

attaches to lateral meniscus

197
Q

popliteus - innervation

A

tibial n. L4,5 S1

198
Q

popliteus action

A

external rotation of femur (MAIN)
flexion at the knee
internal rotation of tibia
(counterrotation of femur and tibia to unlock the knee)

199
Q

tibialis posterior - proximal attachment

A

tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

200
Q

tibialis posterior - distal attachment

A

cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of middle metatarsals 2-4

201
Q

tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial n. L4,5

202
Q

tibialis posterior action

A

plantarflex at the ankle
invert at intertarsals
helps maintain transverse arch

203
Q

flexor hallicis longus -proximal attachment

A

fibula, interosseous membrane

204
Q

flexor hallicis longus - distal attachment

A

distal phalange of digit 1

205
Q

flexor hallicis longus innervation

A

tibial n. S2,3

206
Q

flexor hallicis longus action

A

plantar flex at ankle
flex digit 1 (toe off when you walk)
invert at intertarsals

207
Q

flexor digitorum longus- proximal attachment

A

more tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

208
Q

flexor digitorum longus- distal attachment

A

base of distal phalange of digit 2-5

209
Q

flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial n. S2,3

210
Q

flexor digitorum longus action

A

plantar flex at ankle
flex at digits 2-5
inversts at intertarsals

211
Q

abductor hallucis proximal attachment

A

calcaneous

212
Q

abductor hallucis distal attachment

A

base of 1st proximal phalange

213
Q

abductor hallucis innervation

A

tibial n. S2,3

214
Q

abductor hallucis action

A

maintain the longitudinal arch, can abduct the big toe

215
Q

what is the main action of the intrinsic foot muscles

A

maintain the arches of the foot

216
Q

flexor digitorum brevis proximal attachment

A

calcaneous

217
Q

flexor digitorum brevis distal attachment

A

middle phalange of 205

218
Q

flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

tibial n. S2,3

219
Q

flexor digitorum brevis action

A

maintain longitudinal arch

220
Q

abductor digiti minimi proximal attachment

A

calcaneous

221
Q

abductor digiti minimi distal attachment

A

lateral base of 5th proximal phalange

222
Q

abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

tibial n. S2,3

223
Q

abductor digiti minimi action

A

maintain longitudinal arch, abducts digit 5

224
Q

quadrates plantae proximal attachment

A

calcaneous

225
Q

quadrates plantae distal attachment

A

tendon of flexor digitorum longus

226
Q

quadrates plantae innervation

A

tibial n. S2,3

227
Q

quadrates plantae action

A

pulls flexor digitorum lnogus tendon laterally for better force production

228
Q

lumbricles proximal attachment

A

tendon of flexor digitorum longus

229
Q

lumbricles distal attachment

A

extensor expansion of digits 2-3

230
Q

lumbricles innervation

A

tibial n. S2,3

231
Q

lumbricles action

A

flex at MCP joints

- on dorsal of foot it will extend IP

232
Q

flexor hallucis brevis proximal attachment

A

lateral cuneiform cuboid

233
Q

flexor hallucis brevis distal attachment

A

base of proximal phalange

234
Q

flexor hallucis brevis innervation

A

medial plantar n S2,3

235
Q

flexor hallucis brevis action

A

flex at MTP joint of digit 1

236
Q

adductor hallucis proximal attachment

A

transverse head: MTP capsule digits 2-5

oblique head: base of MTP 2-4

237
Q

adductor hallucis distal attachment

A

base of 1st distal phalange

238
Q

adductor hallucis innervation

A

lateral plantar n. S2,3

239
Q

adductor hallucis action

A

maintain transverse arch

  • adducts big toe
240
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis proximal attachment

A

base of 5th metatarsal

241
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis distal attachment

A

base of proximal phalange of digit 5

242
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation

A

lateral plantar n S2,3

243
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis action

A

flexes proximal phalange of digit 5

244
Q

plantar interossi (PADS) proximal attachment

A

base of metatarsals 3-5

245
Q

plantar interossi (PADS) distal attachment

A

base of 3-5 phalange

246
Q

plantar interossi (PADS) innervation

A

tibial n. S2,3

247
Q

plantar interossi (PADS) action

A

adducts 3,4,5

248
Q

dorsal interossi (DABS) proximal attachment

A

sides of metatarsals 1-5

249
Q

dorsal interossi (DABS) distal attachment

A

sides of digits 1-5

250
Q

dorsal interossi (DABS) innervation

A

tibial n S2,3

251
Q

dorsal interossi (DABS) action

A

abduct AND adducts digit 2

abducts digits 3,4

252
Q

extensor digitorum brevis proximal attachment

A

calcaneous

253
Q

extensor digitorum brevis distal attachment

A

extensor expansion of digits 2-5

254
Q

extensor digitorum brevis innervation

A

deep fibular n L5, S1

255
Q

extensor digitorum brevis action

A

extends digits 2-4

256
Q

extensor hallucis brevis proximal attachment

A

calcaneous

257
Q

extensor hallucis brevis distal attachment

A

proximal phalange of digit 1

Anatomy (11 decks)

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