Muscles Exam 2 Flashcards
Temporalis Origin
floor of temporal fossa, deep surface of temporal fascia
temporalis insertion
coronoid process of the mandible
temporalis innervation
mandibular CN 5 V3
temporalis action
1) . elevate mandible
2) . close jaw posteriorly
3) . retract jaw
Masseter origin
zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch
masseter distal attachment
ramus of mandible
Masseter innervation
mandibular CN5 V3
Masseter action
1) . elevate mandible
2) . minimal protrusion of manidble
Lateral pterygoid origin
1) . greater wing of sphenoid
2) . lateral pterygoid plate
Lateral pterygoid insertion
S: TMJ joint capsule
I: mandible
Lateral pterygoid innervation
mandibular CN5 V3
Lateral pterygoid action
Bi: protract mandible, depress chin
Uni: swings jaw toward contralateral side
Medial pterygoid origin
1) . lateral pterygoid plate
2) . tuberosity of maxilla
Medial pterygoid insertion
ramus of mandible, inf to mandibular foramen
Medial pterygoid innervation
mandibular CN5 V3
Medial pterygoid action
1) . synergistic to masseter in mandibular elevation
2) . protrusion
3) . unilaterally produces small grinding movements
what 2 muscles of the scalp contribute to facial movement?
1) . Occipitofrontalis,
2) . Epicranial aponeurosis
what is the action of the orbiculares oris
closes the mouth
what eye muscle is responsible for a soft and hard close of the eye lids?
Orbicularis Oculi
What innervates all the muscles of facial expression?
CN 7 (facial nerve)
what is the function/role of the Buccinator?
synergist with the tongue to form a bolus
what is the function of the platysma?
depresses mandible, tenses skin of inferior face and neck
what are the orbital and nasal opening muscles
1) . Orbicularis Oculi
2) . Nasalis
What do the extrinsic tongue muscles do?
protract/retract, elevate/dress, ab/adduct the tongue
what do the intrinsic tongue muscles do?
changes the shape fo the tongue, curls, flattens, narrows, shortens, elongates
what is the origin of the trapezius
nucal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
what is the insertion of the trapezius
clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
what is the action of the trapezius
bilateral extension, unilateral rotation and ab/adduction
what are the extrinsic back muscles?
- trap
- latissimus dorsi
- rhomboids
- levator scapulae
what are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?
serratus posterior superior and inferior
what muscles are in the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles (deep back muscles)
splenius cervicis and splenius capitis
what joints do splenius cervicis and capitis act on?
acts on cervical and atlantoccipitial joints
what are the muscles in the intermediate layer of the deep back muscles?
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
what parts of the spine does the iliocostalis act on?
lumborum, thoracicis and cervicis
what is the function of the suboccipital muscles?
postural muscles
bilateral extension and unilateral ab/adduction and rotation
what muscles are in the major deep back layer?
semispinalis
multifidus
rotatores
what muscles are in the minor deep back muscle layer?
interspinales
intertransversari
lavatories costarum
what are the suboccipital muscles
- rectus capitis posterior major
- rectus capitis posterior minor
- obliques capitis inferior
- obliques capitis superior
what are the superficial muscles of the neck?
platysma
SCM
trapezius
levator scapulae
what are the supra hyoid muscles?
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- stylohyoid
- digastric
what is the main function of the supra hyoid muscles?
elevate the larynx for swallowing and sound modification
what are the infra hyoid muscles?
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
what is the main function of the infra hyoid muscles?
depress the larynx for breathing and vocalization
what are the deep muscles of the neck?
- longus coli
- longus capties
- scalenes (3)
what is the main function of the levator costarum?
elevate the ribs for inhalation
dorsal rami
what is the main function of the external intercostals?
elevate the ribs for inspiration
what is the main function of the internal intercostals?
depress the ribs for expiration
platysma origin
inferior border of the mandible
platysma insertion
fascia of the superior pec major and deltoid
platysma innervation
CN 7
platysma action
tense neck skin and synergizes with lateral pterygoid to depress mandible
SCM origin
mastoid process of the temporal bone
SCM insertion
manubrium of the sternum and clavicle
SCM innervation
CN 11
SCM action
unilateral ab/adduction and rotation
bilateral extension (superior) and flexion (inferior)
action of the buccinator
synergizes with the tongue in bold formation, forms the lateral wall of the oral cavity
what is the innervation of the muscles of facial expression
CN 7
mylohyoid origin
mandible
mylohyoid insertion
hyoid and CT line (raphe)
mylohyoid innervation
CN 5 V3
mylohyoid action
elevate and protract the hyoid
geniohyoid origin
mandible
geniohyoid insertion
hyoid
geniohyoid innervation
cervical plexus
geniohyoid action
elevate and protract the hyoid
stylohyoid origin
styloid process of temporal bone
stylohyoid insertion
hyoid
stylohyoid innervation
CN 7
stylohyoid action
elevate and retract the hyoid
anterior digastric origin
mandible
anterior digastric insertion
hyoid
anterior digastric innervation
CN 5 V3