muscles and tendons Flashcards
fascicle
made up of many fibres, muscle made up of many fascicles
muscle fibre
multinucleate syncytium, longitudinal myofibrils, eachhh divided into repeating transverse sarcomeres
range of contraction
dependent on the number of sarcomeres in the muscle
force of muscle
dependent of number of myofibrils in parallel, can alter number recruited to alter force
pennate
diagonal - force
extrinsic muscles
trunk to limb, often strap since no leverage
intrinsic muscles
within limb, often pennate hence strong with little range but lots of leverage
perimysium
surrounds each fascicle, carries vessels and nerves
fascicle tunnels
muscles contained in a fixed volume, venous and lymphatic return
capsular muscles
stabilise joint capsule
ligamentar muscles
constrain movements
monoarticular
crosses one joint
polyarticular
crosses several joints, acts. at most distal
tendon
a strong fibrous continuation of the epi, peri and endomysium, made of dense collagen
funicular tensdons
cords
aponeurotic tendons
sheets
tendon functions
- direct muscular force
- store and release elastic potential energy
- absorb sudden forces
- amplify very rapid movements
sheaths
areola - loose fibrous tissue sleeve, synovial bursa, synovial sheath
retinacula
annular ligaments - reduce perp. distance therefore reduce torque hence reduces the effect of tendon on joint
scuta
fibrocartilage - smooth surface over which the tendon can run
sesamoid bones
form in tendons, prevent flattening and reduce friction, increases perp distance and increases torque
