equine limb Flashcards
cannon bone
MCIII
long pastern
P1
short pastern
P2
coffin, pedal bone
P3
fetlock joint
Metacarpal phalangeal joint
proximal sesamoid bones
two on the distal end of MCIII
distal sesamoid bone
navicular bone, distal P2
navicular bursa
acts as a cushion on the navicular bone where DDFT passes over the bone
navicular bone mechanical theory
- redirects DDFT to increase torque
2. acts as an alternative route for weight bearing
navicular bone vascular theory
palmar digital a. – palmar a. of P2 – gives of proximal and distal navicular plexi – distal palmar arch
navicular disease
diagnosed by local analgesia and managed by palmar digital neurectomy
stay apparatus
musculoskeletal elements which allow horses to stand with minimal muscular effort
stay apparatus forelimb
- suspensory lig. prevents MCPj overextension
- palmar ligg. prevents PIPj overextension
- carpal check lig. to DDFT prevents DiPj overextension
- radial check lig. to SDFT prevents PiPj overextension
- carpal. bones lock in a straight line
- elbow snap joint aided by fibrous old pronators
- trunk is slung on relatively fibrous serratus ventralis
8a. biceps tendon of origin sticks in bicipital groove
8b. lacerates fibrosus
laceratus fibrosus
internal tendon through biceps and ECR - scapula to cannon, carpus locked and elbow locked – prevents shoulder flexion
stay apparatus hindlimb
1-3. similar to forelimb - no radial check lig. tarsal check lig. variable, additional origin of SL on tarsal 4
- hock snap joint
- SDF contains a fibrous band from femur to tuber calcis – hock locks when stifle does
- stifle locking - medial patellar lig.
- accessory lig. (pelvis to femur) prevents abduction
stifle locking
medial patellar lig. hooks over medial trochlear ridge of femur
- fixes stifle in extension
- semimemb locks
- biceps unlocks
reciprocal apparatus
peroneus Tertius - fibrous band from femur to tarsus
- forms reciprocal apparatus with SDF
- hock and stifle flex and extend in synchrony
MCPj collateral ligament
runs on either side from MCIII to P1
short collateral ligament of PSB
ligament that runs from collateral ligament to proximal sesamoid bones
PiPj collateral ligament
run on either side of P1 to P2
abaxial and axial palmar ligaments
palmar side between P1 and P2 - 2 lateral, 2 medial
DiPj collateral ligament
collateral ligament between P2 and P3
suspensory ligament
interosseous, tendinous, originates proximally on palmar surface of MCIII
- gives extensor slips yo extensor tendon
inter-sesamoidean ligament
ligament between proximal sesamoid bones on MCIII
straight ligament
MCIII to P2
oblique ligament
MCIII to P1, either side of straight ligament
cruciate ligaments
deep to straight ligament between MCIII and P1
short ligaments
deep to cruciate ligaments, between MCIII and P1
scutum
smooth structure over proximal sesamoid bones, provides smooth surface for DDFT to glide over
collateral ligaments of navicular
colateral ligaments running from distal P1 to navicular bone on P2
impar ligament
runs from navicular bone to P3
superficial digital flexor tendon
originates from SDF muscle on medial humeral epicondyle, splits into two over P1, inserts on P2
deep digital flexor tendon
originated from DDF muscle on medial humeral epicondyle, inserts on P3
